Communications (Ukraine)
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     Railroads:
       22,800 km; does not include industrial lines (1990)
     Highways:
       273,700 km total (1990); 236,400 km hard surfaced, 37,300 km earth
     Inland waterways:
       1,672 km perennially navigable (Pripyat and Dnipro River)
     Pipelines:
       crude oil 2,010 km, petroleum products 1,920 km, natural gas 7,800 km (1992)
     Ports:
       coastal - Berdyans'k, Illichivs'k Kerch, Kherson, Mariupol' (formerly
       Zhdanov), Mykolayiv, Odesa, Sevastopol', Pirdenne; inland - Kiev (Kyyiv)
     Merchant marine:
       394 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 3,952,328 GRT/5,262,161 DWT; includes
       234 cargo, 18 container, 7 barge carriers, 55 bulk cargo, 10 oil tanker, 2
       chemical tanker, 1 liquefied gas, 12 passenger, 5 passenger cargo, 9
       short-sea passenger, 33 roll-on/roll-off, 2 railcar carrier, 1
       multi-function-large-load-carrier, 5 refrigerated cargo
     Airports:
      total:
       694
      useable:
       100
      with permanent-surface runways:
       111
      with runways over 3,659 m:
       3
      with runways 2,440-3,659 m:
       81
      with runways 1,220-2,439 m:
       78
     Telecommunications:
       international electronic mail system established in Kiev; Ukraine has about
       7 million telephone lines (135 telephones for each 1000 persons); as of
       mid-1992, 650 telephone lines per 1000 persons in Kiev with 15-20 digital
       switches as of mid-1991; NMT-450 analog cellular network under construction
       in Kiev; 3.56 million applications for telephones could not be satisfied as
       of January 1990; international calls can be made via satellite, by landline
       to other CIS countries, and through the Moscow international switching
       center on 150 international lines; satellite earth stations employ INTELSAT,
       INMARSAT, and Intersputnik; fiber optic cable installation (intercity)
       remains incomplete; new international digital telephone exchange operational
       in Kiev for direct communication with 167 countries