RCS_ID_C="$Id: ping.c,v 3.7 1994/03/07 22:46:33 ppessi Exp $"; /* * ping.c -- network connectivity testing tool * * Last modified: Tue Mar 8 00:46:06 1994 ppessi */ #include "ping_rev.h" static const char version[] = VERSTAG " " "Copyright © 1993 AmiTCP/IP Group, \n" "Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.\n" "Copyright © 1983 The Regents of the University of California.\n" "All rights reserved.\n"; /****** netutil.doc/ping **************************************************** NAME ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts SYNOPSIS ping [-dfnqrvR] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-L [ hosts ]] host DESCRIPTION Ping uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a ``struct timeval'' and then an arbitrary number of ``pad'' bytes used to fill out the packet. The options are as follows: Other options are: -c count Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE packets. -d Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. -f Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or one hundred times per second, whichever is more. For every ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed, while for ever ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only the super-user may use this option. This can be very hard on a network and should be used with caution. -i wait Wait wait seconds between sending each packet. The default is to wait for one second between each packet. This option is incompatible with the -f option. -L [hosts] Use loose routing IP option. Includes IPOPT_LSRR option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet with all specified hosts in the route. Many hosts wont support loose routing, such a host can either ignore or return the loose routed ICMP packet in the middle of the route. -l preload If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets as fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of behavior. -n Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup symbolic names for host addresses. -p pattern You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing data-dependent problems in a network. For example, ``-p ff'' will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones. -q Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines at startup time and when finished. -R Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large enough for nine such routes. Many hosts ignore or discard this option. -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host on an attached network. If the host is not on a directly-attached network, an error is returned. This option can be used to ping a local host through an interface that has no route through it. -s packetsize Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent. The default is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. -v Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that are received are listed. When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on the local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should be ``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are computed. If duplicate packets are received, they are not included in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of these packets is used in calculating the minimum/average/maximum round-trip time numbers. When the specified number of packets have been sent (and received) or if the program is terminated with a SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed. This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is unwise to use ping during normal operations or from automated scripts. ICMP PACKET DETAILS An IP header without options is 20 bytes. An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of ICMP header followed by an arbitrary amount of data. When a packetsize is given, this indicated the size of this extra piece of data (the default is 56). Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type ICMP ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space (the ICMP header). If the data space is at least eight bytes large, ping uses the first eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which it uses in the computation of round trip times. If less than eight bytes of pad are specified, no round trip times are given. DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS Ping will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets should never occur, and seem to be caused by inappropriate link-level retransmissions. Duplicates may occur in many situations and are rarely (if ever) a good sign, although the presence of low levels of duplicates may not always be cause for alarm. Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often indicate broken hardware somewhere in the ping packet's path (in the network or in the hosts). TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently depending on the data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately, data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into networks and remain undetected for long periods of time. In many cases the particular pattern that will have problems is something that doesn't have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all zeros, or a pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. It isn't necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest is at the data link level, and the relationship between what you type and what the controllers transmit can be complicated. This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will probably have to do a lot of testing to find it. If you are lucky, you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent across your network or that takes much longer to transfer than other similar length files. You can then examine this file for repeated patterns that you can test using the -p option of ping. TTL DETAILS The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP routers that the packet can go through before being thrown away. In current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to decrement the TTL field by exactly one. The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP packets should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values (4.3 BSD uses 30, 4.2 used 15). The AmiTCP/IP uses normally TTL value 30. The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most systems set the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This is why you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them with telnet or ftp. In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it re- ceives. When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one of three things with the TTL field in its response: · Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the 4.3BSD-Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the round-trip path. · Set it to 255; this is what AmiTCP/IP and current Berkeley Unix systems do. In this case the TTL value in the received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the path from the remote system to the pinging host. · Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value for ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example either 30 or 60. Others may use completely wild values. LOOSE SOURCE ROUTING DETAILS When a packet is routed with loose routing in IP, the destination address of datagram is originally set to the first address in the routing list. When the datagram reaches its destination, the destination address is changed to the next address in the list and the datagram is routed to that destination. After the whole routing list is exhausted, the datagram is handled to upper-level protocols. The loose routing options can be ignored by hosts between the gateways in the loose routing list. However, if the host in the list don't understand loose routing, it may think that the datagram is destined to it and respond to it. Also, many hosts simply drop the packets with IP options. BUGS Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE and LOOSE_SOURCE_ROUTING options. The maximum IP header length is too small for options like RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful. There's not much that that can be done about this, however. Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the broadcast address should only be done under very controlled conditions. SEE ALSO netstat, ifconfig AUTHOR Mike Muuss, U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory, December, 1983 The ping command appeared in 4.3BSD. The loose routing and working record route options were added by Pekka Pessi, AmiTCP/IP Group, Helsinki Univ. of Technology. ***************************************************************************** * */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. */ #ifdef AMIGA #if defined(__SASC) #include #elif __GNUC__ #include #else #include #endif #define ioctl IoctlSocket /* Correct prototype for the CheckIO. * (The one in clib/exec_protos.h has wrong return value type: BOOL (16 bits) * instead of a pointer (32 bits)!) */ struct IORequest * CheckIO(struct IORequest *req); #endif /* AMIGA */ #include #include #include #ifdef __SASC #include #include #else #include #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #include #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ #define MAXIPLEN 60 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) /* various options */ int options; #define F_FLOOD 0x001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 #define F_QUIET 0x010 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 #define F_LOOSEROUTE 0x200 #ifndef LONG_MAX #define LONG_MAX 0xffffffff #endif /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ int datalen = DEFDATALEN; int s = -1; /* socket file descriptor */ u_char *outpack; char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ char DOT = '.'; char *hostname; long ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ /* counters */ long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ /* timing */ int timing; /* flag to do timing */ long tmin = LONG_MAX; /* minimum round trip time */ long tmax; /* maximum round trip time */ u_long tsum; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ char *pr_addr(u_long l); void catcher(void), pinger(void), finish(void), usage(void); void pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from); void pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp); void pr_iph(struct ip *ip); void pr_retip(struct ip *ip); void fill(char *bp, char *patp); int in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len); void tvsub(register struct timeval *out, register struct timeval *in); #ifdef AMIGA /* * Other Amiga dependent stuff */ #ifdef __SASC #include #include extern struct ExecBase *SysBase; /* Disable ^C signaling */ void __regargs __chkabort(void) {} #else #include #endif #include #define getpid(x) ((ULONG)FindTask(NULL)) /* This is only for ident... */ struct MsgPort *timerport = NULL; struct timerequest *timermsg = NULL; BOOL notopen = TRUE; #define TimerBase (timermsg->tr_node.io_Device) void clean_timer(void) { if (timermsg) { if (!notopen) { if (!CheckIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg)) { AbortIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); WaitIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } CloseDevice((struct IORequest*)timermsg); notopen = TRUE; } DeleteIORequest(timermsg); timermsg = NULL; } if (timerport) { DeleteMsgPort(timerport); timerport = NULL; } } #endif main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { extern int errno, optind; extern char *optarg; struct timeval timeout; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in *to; struct protoent *proto; register int i; int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; u_char *datap, *packet; char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN]; #ifdef IP_OPTIONS u_char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ #endif #ifdef AMIGA ULONG timermask; #endif outpack = malloc(MAXPACKET); if (outpack == NULL) { perror("ping"); exit(1); } preload = 0; datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "LRc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF) switch(ch) { case 'c': npackets = atoi(optarg); if (npackets <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'f': #ifndef AMIGA if (getuid()) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM)); exit(1); } #endif options |= F_FLOOD; setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ interval = atoi(optarg); if (interval <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad timing interval.\n"); exit(1); } options |= F_INTERVAL; break; case 'L': options |= F_LOOSEROUTE; break; case 'l': preload = atoi(optarg); if (preload < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad preload value.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'n': options |= F_NUMERIC; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; fill((char *)datap, optarg); break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 'r': options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ datalen = atoi(optarg); if (datalen > MAXPACKET) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet size too large.\n"); exit(1); } if (datalen <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: illegal packet size.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc < 1 || (options & F_LOOSEROUTE) == 0 && argc > 1) usage(); if ((options & (F_LOOSEROUTE | F_RROUTE)) == (F_LOOSEROUTE | F_RROUTE)) { fprintf(stderr, "ping: -L and -R options cannot be used concurrently\n"); exit(1); } { u_char *cp = rspace; if (options & F_LOOSEROUTE) { #ifdef IP_OPTIONS rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_LSRR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = 3; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; cp = rspace + IPOPT_OFFSET + 1; #else (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: source routing not " "available in this implementation.\n"); exit(1); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } while (target = *argv++) { bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; #ifdef _SOCKADDR_LEN to->sin_len = sizeof(*to); #endif to->sin_family = AF_INET; to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) hostname = target; else { hp = gethostbyname(target); if (!hp) { fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown host %s\n", target); exit(1); } to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length); (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); hostname = hnamebuf; } #ifdef IP_OPTIONS if (options & F_LOOSEROUTE) { if (rspace + sizeof(rspace) - 4 < cp) { fprintf(stderr, "ping: too many hops for " "source routing %s\n", target); exit(1); } *cp++ = (to->sin_addr.s_addr >> 24); *cp++ = (to->sin_addr.s_addr >> 16); *cp++ = (to->sin_addr.s_addr >> 8); *cp++ = (to->sin_addr.s_addr >> 0); rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] += 4; } #endif } } if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n"); exit(1); } if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n"); exit(1); } if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n"); exit(1); } #ifdef AMIGA atexit(clean_timer); timerport = CreateMsgPort(); if (!timerport) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not create timer port.\n"); exit(1); } timermask = 1<mp_SigBit; timermsg = CreateIORequest(timerport, sizeof(*timermsg)); if (!timermsg) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not create timer message.\n"); exit(1); } if (notopen = OpenDevice("timer.device", UNIT_MICROHZ, (struct IORequest *)timermsg, 0)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not open timer device.\n"); exit(1); } timermsg->tr_node.io_Command = TR_ADDREQUEST; timermsg->tr_time.tv_secs = 1L; timermsg->tr_time.tv_micro = 0L; /* don't confuse CheckIO */ timermsg->tr_node.io_Message.mn_Node.ln_Type = NT_REPLYMSG; SetSocketSignals(timermask | SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C, 0L, 0L); #endif if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) { perror("ping: socket"); exit(1); } hold = 1; if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); #ifdef IP_OPTIONS if (options & F_LOOSEROUTE) { /* pad to long word */ rspace[rspace[IPOPT_OLEN]] = IPOPT_EOL; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] + 1) < 0) { perror("ping: source routing"); exit(1); } } #endif /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { #ifdef IP_OPTIONS rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; rspace[rspace[IPOPT_OLEN]] = IPOPT_EOL; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { perror("ping: record route"); exit(1); } #else (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n"); exit(1); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. */ hold = 48 * 1024; (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), datalen); else (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); #ifndef AMIGA (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); #endif while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ pinger(); if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) catcher(); /* start things going */ for (;;) { struct sockaddr_in from; register int cc; int fromlen; #ifdef AMIGA /* Check for special signals */ ULONG sm = SetSignal(0L, timermask | SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C); if (sm & SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C) finish(); if (sm & timermask && GetMsg(timerport)) catcher(); #endif if (options & F_FLOOD) { pinger(); timeout.tv_sec = 0; timeout.tv_usec = 10000; fdmask = 1 << s; if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) continue; } fromlen = sizeof(from); if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; perror("ping: recvfrom"); continue; } pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) break; } finish(); /* NOTREACHED */ } /* * catcher -- * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. * * bug -- * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the * quality of the delay and loss statistics. * * notes -- * This routine uses timer.device in Amiga implementation instead * of SIGALRM. */ void catcher() { #ifdef AMIGA static int waittime = 0; if (waittime) finish(); pinger(); if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) { timermsg->tr_time.tv_sec = interval; SendIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } else { if (nreceived) { waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (!waittime) waittime = 1; } else waittime = MAXWAIT; timermsg->tr_time.tv_sec = waittime; SendIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } #else int waittime; pinger(); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) alarm((u_int)interval); else { if (nreceived) { waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (!waittime) waittime = 1; } else waittime = MAXWAIT; (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); } #endif } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in native * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ void pinger() { register struct icmp *icp; register int cc; int i; icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icp->icmp_code = 0; icp->icmp_cksum = 0; icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); if (timing) #ifdef AMIGA (void)ReadEClock((struct EClockVal *)&outpack[8]); #else (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], (struct timezone *)NULL); #endif cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); if (i < 0 || i != cc) { if (i < 0) perror("ping: sendto"); (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i); } if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(1, &DOT, 1); } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ void pr_pack(buf, cc, from) char *buf; int cc; struct sockaddr_in *from; { register struct icmp *icp; register u_long l; register int i, j; register u_char *cp,*dp; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct ip *ip; struct timeval tv, *tp; long triptime; int hlen, dupflag; #ifdef AMIGA ULONG efreq = ReadEClock((struct EClockVal *)&tv); #else (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); #endif /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *)buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { if (icp->icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ ++nreceived; if (timing) { #ifndef icmp_data tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; #else tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; #endif #ifdef AMIGA /* EClockVal is actually a unsigned long long */ if (tv.tv_micro < tp->tv_micro) tv.tv_sec--; tv.tv_micro -= tp->tv_micro; tv.tv_secs -= tp->tv_secs; triptime = tv.tv_micro / (efreq / 1000); if (tv.tv_secs) triptime += tv.tv_sec * 250 * ((1<<30) / efreq); #else tvsub(&tv, tp); triptime = tv.tv_sec * 1000 + (tv.tv_usec / 1000); #endif tsum += triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(1, &BSPACE, 1); else { (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), icp->icmp_seq); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); if (timing) (void)printf(" time=%ld ms", triptime); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); /* check the data */ cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { if (*cp != *dp) { (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp); cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf("%x ", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) return; (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); pr_icmph(icp); } /* Display any IP options */ /* The LSRR and RR len handling was broken (?) //ppessi */ cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: case IPOPT_SSRR: (void)printf(*cp == IPOPT_LSRR ? "\nLSRR: " : "\nSSRR: "); j = *++cp; ++cp; hlen -= j; if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); j -= 4; if (j < IPOPT_MINOFF) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= j; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (i == old_rrlen && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)printf("\t(same route)"); i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; cp += i; break; } old_rrlen = i; bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); (void)printf("\nRR: "); for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); i -= 4; if (i <= 0) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; default: (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); break; } if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); } } /* * in_cksum -- * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ int in_cksum(addr, len) u_short *addr; int len; { register int nleft = len; register u_short *w = addr; register int sum = 0; u_short answer = 0; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; sum += answer; } /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return(answer); } /* * tvsub -- * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to * be >= in. */ void tvsub(out, in) register struct timeval *out, *in; { if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { --out->tv_sec; out->tv_usec += 1000000; } out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; } /* * finish -- * Print out statistics, and give up. */ void finish() { (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); if (nrepeats) (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); if (ntransmitted) if (nreceived > ntransmitted) (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); else (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / ntransmitted)); (void)putchar('\n'); if (nreceived && timing) (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %ld/%lu/%ld ms\n", tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax); exit(0); } #ifdef notdef static char *ttab[] = { "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ "Source Quench", /* IP */ "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ "Echo", "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ "Info Request", /* id + sq */ "Info Reply" /* " */ }; #endif /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ void pr_icmph(icp) struct icmp *icp; { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_ECHO: (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: (void)printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ case ICMP_MASKREQ: (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; #endif #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY case ICMP_MASKREPLY: (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); break; #endif default: (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ void pr_iph(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump and option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } (void)putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_addr -- * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with * a hostname. */ char * pr_addr(l) u_long l; { struct hostent *hp; static char buf[80]; if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); else (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); return(buf); } /* * pr_retip -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ void pr_retip(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; pr_iph(ip); hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; if (ip->ip_p == 6) (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); else if (ip->ip_p == 17) (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); } void fill(bp, patp) char *bp, *patp; { register int ii, jj, kk; int pat[16]; char *cp; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) if (!isxdigit(*cp)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n"); exit(1); } ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); (void)printf("\n"); } } void usage() { (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: ping [-Rdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n" "\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] [-L [hosts]] host\n"); exit(1); }