This set of conic elements represents the updated Galileo satellite tour T-960110. The new conic elements differ from those released previously primarily in the lower Io flyby altitude on orbit 0 and one week earlier Ganymede 1 flyby date. Please note that 'True Anomaly' (in previously released elements) has been replaced with 'Mean Anomaly.'
These elements begin when the spacecraft trajectory central body changes from Sun-centered to Jupiter-centered (September 13, 1995) and end at Jupiter apoapsis, orbit 11 (November 28, 1997). Three element sets model the initial Jupiter approach trajectory. They are:
Jupiter Central Body Change To Io, Orbit 0
Io, Orbit 0, To JOI Burn Start
JOI Burn Start To Jupiter Apoapsis, Orbit 0
Thereafter, each orbit consists of two sets of elements: the first is
valid from Jupiter apoapsis to the targeted satellite closest
approach and the second set is for the period from satellite closest
approach to the next Jupiter apoapsis. For completeness, satellite-
centered elements are provided for each satellite closest approach.
Elements are provided in both Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950 (this document) and J2000 reference frames. Times are given in Julian date (J.D.) in ephemeris time (ET) and calendar date in Greenwich Mean Time (GMT). GMT is understood to be the same as universal time (UTC). ET minus UTC is 61.184 seconds before January 1, 1996 and 62.184 seconds after this date.
The 1991 IAU values for radii and GM's were used for Jupiter and the Galilean satellites.
JUPITER CENTRAL BODY CHANGE TO IO, ORBIT 0:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2449974.45685 ET (95/09/13 22:56:51 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:59 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2449974.45685 ET (95/09/13 22:56:51 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -4103077.3 km
Eccentricity 1.070722
Inclination 5.146 degree
Node Angle 58.300 degree
Arg of Periapsis 90.618 degree
Mean Anomaly -569.528 degree
----------
IO, ORBIT 0, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:59 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Io centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -27.0 km
Eccentricity 101.508187
Inclination 10.306 degree
Node Angle -141.025 degree
Arg of Periapsis -58.429 degree
Mean Anomaly 22.437 degree
----------
IO, ORBIT 0, TO JOI BURN START:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:59 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450059.51975 ET (95/12/08 00:27:25 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.24097 ET (95/12/07 17:45:59 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -5871176.2 km
Eccentricity 1.048704
Inclination 5.349 degree
Node Angle 59.844 degree
Arg of Periapsis 90.675 degree
Mean Anomaly -.674 degree
----------
JOI BURN START TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 0:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450059.51975 ET (95/12/08 00:27:25 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450158.77723 ET (96/03/16 06:38:10 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450059.51975 ET (95/12/08 00:27:25 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 9814688.8 km
Eccentricity .971233
Inclination 5.297 degree
Node Angle 60.329 degree
Arg of Periapsis 87.620 degree
Mean Anomaly .206 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 0, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450158.77723 ET (96/03/16 06:38:10 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450261.77090 ET (96/06/27 06:29:04 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450158.77723 ET (96/03/16 06:38:10 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 10091803.7 km
Eccentricity .917105
Inclination 5.355 degree
Node Angle 66.716 degree
Arg of Periapsis 81.285 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.818 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450261.77090 ET (96/06/27 06:29:04 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -179.3 km
Eccentricity 20.401721
Inclination 31.057 degree
Node Angle 84.927 degree
Arg of Periapsis 77.674 degree
Mean Anomaly -.520 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 1, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 1:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450261.77090 ET (96/06/27 06:29:04 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450298.31008 ET (96/08/02 19:25:29 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450261.77090 ET (96/06/27 06:29:04 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 4970309.2 km
Eccentricity .841256
Inclination 4.150 degree
Node Angle 59.105 degree
Arg of Periapsis 96.626 degree
Mean Anomaly -3.783 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 1, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450298.31008 ET (96/08/02 19:25:29 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450333.29214 ET (96/09/06 18:59:39 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450298.31008 ET (96/08/02 19:25:29 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 4964416.1 km
Eccentricity .843442
Inclination 4.173 degree
Node Angle 56.706 degree
Arg of Periapsis 99.017 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.962 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450333.29214 ET (96/09/06 18:59:39 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -174.9 km
Eccentricity 17.491549
Inclination 80.004 degree
Node Angle 77.032 degree
Arg of Periapsis 88.607 degree
Mean Anomaly .065 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 2, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 2:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450333.29214 ET (96/09/06 18:59:39 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450364.08036 ET (96/10/07 13:54:41 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450333.29214 ET (96/09/06 18:59:39 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 4418597.8 km
Eccentricity .827478
Inclination 2.263 degree
Node Angle -9.192 degree
Arg of Periapsis 167.132 degree
Mean Anomaly -4.663 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 2, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 3:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450364.08036 ET (96/10/07 13:54:41 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450392.06329 ET (96/11/04 13:30:06 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450364.08036 ET (96/10/07 13:54:41 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 4413984.2 km
Eccentricity .829388
Inclination 2.285 degree
Node Angle -9.321 degree
Arg of Periapsis 167.264 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.985 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 3, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450392.06329 ET (96/11/04 13:30:06 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -121.2 km
Eccentricity 29.924953
Inclination 13.776 degree
Node Angle 52.029 degree
Arg of Periapsis 98.252 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.307 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 3, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 3:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450392.06329 ET (96/11/04 13:30:06 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450415.36666 ET (96/11/27 20:46:57 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450392.06329 ET (96/11/04 13:30:06 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3512146.2 km
Eccentricity .814721
Inclination 1.960 degree
Node Angle -35.090 degree
Arg of Periapsis -158.610 degree
Mean Anomaly -16.814 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 3, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 4:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450415.36666 ET (96/11/27 20:46:57 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450436.78853 ET (96/12/19 06:54:27 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450415.36666 ET (96/11/27 20:46:57 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3514197.3 km
Eccentricity .813654
Inclination 1.962 degree
Node Angle -35.066 degree
Arg of Periapsis -158.565 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.935 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 4, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450436.78853 ET (96/12/19 06:54:27 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -107.3 km
Eccentricity 22.030617
Inclination 178.214 degree
Node Angle 151.204 degree
Arg of Periapsis -179.708 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.008 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 4, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 4:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450436.78853 ET (96/12/19 06:54:27 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450452.57414 ET (97/01/04 01:45:44 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450436.78853 ET (96/12/19 06:54:27 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 2900585.7 km
Eccentricity .776628
Inclination 1.959 degree
Node Angle -35.158 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.269 degree
Mean Anomaly 1.977 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 4, TO EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450452.57414 ET (97/01/04 01:45:44 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450468.55103 ET (97/01/20 01:12:27 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450452.57414 ET (97/01/04 01:45:44 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 2899664.7 km
Eccentricity .777193
Inclination 1.954 degree
Node Angle -35.199 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.234 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.948 degree
----------
EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450468.55103 ET (97/01/20 01:12:27 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -126.2 km
Eccentricity 229.951822
Inclination 178.246 degree
Node Angle 166.249 degree
Arg of Periapsis -173.185 degree
Mean Anomaly .445 degree
----------
EUROPA NON-TARGETED, ORBIT 5, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 5:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450468.55103 ET (97/01/20 01:12:27 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450484.46469 ET (97/02/04 23:08:07 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450468.55103 ET (97/01/20 01:12:27 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 2898670.3 km
Eccentricity .777155
Inclination 1.960 degree
Node Angle -35.129 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.597 degree
Mean Anomaly .366 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 5, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 6:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450484.46469 ET (97/02/04 23:08:07 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450500.21110 ET (97/02/20 17:02:57 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450484.46469 ET (97/02/04 23:08:07 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 2897813.4 km
Eccentricity .777681
Inclination 1.964 degree
Node Angle -35.094 degree
Arg of Periapsis -162.629 degree
Mean Anomaly -179.982 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 6, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450500.21110 ET (97/02/20 17:02:57 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -106.5 km
Eccentricity 21.201785
Inclination 163.660 degree
Node Angle -99.700 degree
Arg of Periapsis -93.046 degree
Mean Anomaly -.016 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 6, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 6:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450500.21110 ET (97/02/20 17:02:57 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450521.66582 ET (97/03/14 03:57:45 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450500.21110 ET (97/02/20 17:02:57 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3515030.3 km
Eccentricity .814544
Inclination 1.472 degree
Node Angle -32.119 degree
Arg of Periapsis -169.492 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.352 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 6, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450521.66582 ET (97/03/14 03:57:45 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450543.79976 ET (97/04/05 07:10:37 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450521.66582 ET (97/03/14 03:57:45 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3513041.0 km
Eccentricity .815574
Inclination 1.888 degree
Node Angle -29.787 degree
Arg of Periapsis -171.776 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.778 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450543.79976 ET (97/04/05 07:10:37 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -143.2 km
Eccentricity 40.743747
Inclination 124.107 degree
Node Angle 66.054 degree
Arg of Periapsis 92.925 degree
Mean Anomaly -.242 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 7, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 7:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450543.79976 ET (97/04/05 07:10:37 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450559.98356 ET (97/04/21 11:35:17 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450543.79976 ET (97/04/05 07:10:37 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3030500.0 km
Eccentricity .790709
Inclination 2.526 degree
Node Angle 13.078 degree
Arg of Periapsis 142.848 degree
Mean Anomaly 9.043 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 7, TO GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450559.98356 ET (97/04/21 11:35:17 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450576.16506 ET (97/05/07 15:56:39 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450559.98356 ET (97/04/21 11:35:17 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3028177.3 km
Eccentricity .792084
Inclination 2.669 degree
Node Angle 10.776 degree
Arg of Periapsis 145.175 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.822 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450576.16506 ET (97/05/07 15:56:39 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Ganymede centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -141.0 km
Eccentricity 30.923994
Inclination 151.565 degree
Node Angle 68.610 degree
Arg of Periapsis 92.355 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.126 degree
----------
GANYMEDE, ORBIT 8, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 8:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450576.16506 ET (97/05/07 15:56:39 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450602.01844 ET (97/06/02 12:25:31 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450576.16506 ET (97/05/07 15:56:39 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3914168.3 km
Eccentricity .830560
Inclination 2.310 degree
Node Angle -12.536 degree
Arg of Periapsis 163.085 degree
Mean Anomaly -5.930 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 8, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 9:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450602.01844 ET (97/06/02 12:25:31 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450625.07512 ET (97/06/25 13:47:08 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450602.01844 ET (97/06/02 12:25:31 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3912465.8 km
Eccentricity .831357
Inclination 2.319 degree
Node Angle -12.607 degree
Arg of Periapsis 163.183 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.925 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 9, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450625.07512 ET (97/06/25 13:47:08 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -115.0 km
Eccentricity 25.517103
Inclination 178.003 degree
Node Angle 96.119 degree
Arg of Periapsis 141.082 degree
Mean Anomaly .899 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 9, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 9:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450625.07512 ET (97/06/25 13:47:08 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450668.72932 ET (97/08/08 05:29:11 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450625.07512 ET (97/06/25 13:47:08 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 5497230.2 km
Eccentricity .860165
Inclination 2.181 degree
Node Angle -16.788 degree
Arg of Periapsis 158.059 degree
Mean Anomaly -8.312 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 9, TO CALLISTO, ORBIT 10:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450668.72932 ET (97/08/08 05:29:11 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450708.51513 ET (97/09/17 00:20:45 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450668.72932 ET (97/08/08 05:29:11 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 5496492.6 km
Eccentricity .860413
Inclination 2.185 degree
Node Angle -16.826 degree
Arg of Periapsis 158.205 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.668 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 10, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450708.51513 ET (97/09/17 00:20:45 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Callisto centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -114.4 km
Eccentricity 26.584928
Inclination 5.820 degree
Node Angle 27.098 degree
Arg of Periapsis 108.255 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.777 degree
----------
CALLISTO, ORBIT 10, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 10:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450708.51513 ET (97/09/17 00:20:45 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450735.00208 ET (97/10/13 12:01:58 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450708.51513 ET (97/09/17 00:20:45 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3861621.3 km
Eccentricity .830403
Inclination 1.962 degree
Node Angle -26.241 degree
Arg of Periapsis 177.252 degree
Mean Anomaly -14.340 degree
----------
JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 10, TO EUROPA, ORBIT 11:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450735.00208 ET (97/10/13 12:01:58 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450759.40780 ET (97/11/06 21:46:12 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450735.00208 ET (97/10/13 12:01:58 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3861021.8 km
Eccentricity .830688
Inclination 1.928 degree
Node Angle -26.192 degree
Arg of Periapsis 177.252 degree
Mean Anomaly 179.850 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 11, CLOSEST APPROACH:
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450759.40780 ET (97/11/06 21:46:12 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Europa centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis -113.1 km
Eccentricity 24.786204
Inclination 65.243 degree
Node Angle 72.878 degree
Arg of Periapsis 94.322 degree
Mean Anomaly -.158 degree
----------
EUROPA, ORBIT 11, TO JUPITER APOAPSIS, ORBIT 11:
Orbital Elements valid from J.D. = 2450759.40780 ET (97/11/06 21:46:12 GMT)
to J.D. = 2450780.83877 ET (97/11/28 08:06:48 GMT)
Epoch of Orbital Elements: J.D. = 2450759.40780 ET (97/11/06 21:46:12 GMT)
Classical Orbital Elements
Jupiter centered, Earth ecliptic and equinox of B1950
Semi-major Axis 3514918.9 km
Eccentricity .814580
Inclination 3.111 degree
Node Angle -34.019 degree
Arg of Periapsis -173.615 degree
Mean Anomaly -1.127 degree