APPENDIX A
ENDNOTES
INTRODUCTION
1. Executive Order No. 12852, 29 June 1993, amended 19 July 1993, 42 U.S.C. 4321.
2. Since 1973, the amount of energy needed to produce each constant dollar of gross domestic product has declined nearly 30 percent. See U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, Monthly Energy Review: October 1995, DOE/EIA-0035(95/10) (Washington, D.C., October 1995), p. 16, fig. 1.8 and table 1.9.
3. Global gross domestic product has doubled since 1980. See World Bank, World Tables 1995 (Baltimore, Md.: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), pp. 28-29, table 7; and U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 470, table 716.
4. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, World Population Profile: 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. A-1, table 1; and World Resources Institute, World Resources 1994-95, prepared in collaboration with the U.N. Environment Program and the U.N. Development Program (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 268, table 16.1.
5. World Conservation Monitoring Center, Global Biodiversity: Status of the Earth's Living Resources (New York: Chapman & Hall, 1992), p. 253, table 18.3; World Resources 1994-95, p. 305; and World Resources Institute, Global Biodiversity Strategy: Guidelines for Action to Save, Study, and Use Earth's Biotic Wealth Sustainably and Equitably, prepared in collaboration with the U.N. Environment Program and The World Conservation Union (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1992), p. 7.
6. Walter V. Reid et al., Biodiversity Prospecting: Using Genetic Resources for Sustainable Development (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1993), p. 7.
7. Eduardo A. Loayza, A Strategy for Fisheries Development (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1992), p. xi; U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), Bulletin of Fishery Statistics: Fishery Fleet Statistics (Rome, 1988); and FAO Yearbook Fisheries Statistics 1993, vol. 76 (Rome, 1993), p. xi, `World Catch.'
8. The United States has the largest gross domestic product (GDP) in the world. See Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 446, table 684 (for U.S. GDP); and p. 862, table 1366 (for GDP comparisons). Estimates of the U.S. share of world resource consumption range from 20 to 30 percent. In 1993, the United States consumed approximately 24 percent of world energy. See U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual: 1993, DOE/EIA-0219(93) (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), p. vii. U.S. consumption of raw materials in 1993 equaled nearly 30 percent of the world total. See U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, `Changing Minerals and Material Use Patterns' (presented at the Annual General Meeting of the Academia Europaea, Parma, Italy, 23-25 June 1994), figs. 5-1 and 5-2. The United States is the largest producer of waste per capita among Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. See OECD, OECD Environmental Performance Reviews -- Netherlands (Paris, 1995), p. 78, fig. 4.2.
9. Based upon 1993 merchandise exports of $464.7 billion, merchandise imports of $603.4 billion and a gross domestic product (GDP) of $6.4 trillion. See World Tables 1995, pp. 76-77, table 19 (for 1993 import/export data); and Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 446, table 684 (for GDP). International trade data are from U.N. Conference on Trade and Development, Handbook of International Trade and Development Statistics 1989 (New York: United Nations, 1990), pp. 2-3, tables 1.1 and 1.2. International currency trading data are from Anthony Ramirez, `Automation Drives Surge in Currency Trading Volume,' New York Times, 20 September 1995, sec. D, p. 3.
CHAPTER 2
1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Census of Manufacturing (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), p. 13.
2. The Common Sense Initiative and Project XL are outlined in `Regulatory Reinvention (XL) Pilot Projects,' Federal Register 60, no. 99 (May 1995): 27282; and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Communications, Education, and Public Affairs, `Project XL: Innovative Projects in Environmental Excellence and Leadership,' press release (Washington, D.C., 3 November 1995).
3. Yvon Chouinard, `Patagonia: The Next Hundred Years,' in Michael Katakis, ed., Sacred Trusts: Essays on Stewardship and Responsibility (San Francisco: Mercury House, 1991),
p. 9.
4. For example, in the 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act, Congress authorized the trading of sulfur dioxide emission allowances. See Clean Air Act Amendments of 1990, Pub. L. 101-549, 104 Stat. 2399.
5. U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 330, table 504; and p. 331, table 505.
6. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, `Industry, Technology, and the Environment: Competitive Challenges and Business Opportunities' (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 190.
7. U.S. Department of Commerce, The Effect of Imports of Crude Oil and Refined Petroleum Products on the National Security (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. ES-4.
CHAPTER 3
1. Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, 31 U.S.C. 1115-19 (1995).
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Reinventing Environmental Regulation, report presented to President Bill Clinton and Vice President Al Gore (Washington, D.C., 1995).
3. Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, 42 U.S.C. 11001-50 (1994).
4. For more information, see Oregon Progress Board, Oregon Benchmarks: Standards for Measuring Statewide Progress and Institutional Performance, report to the 1995 legislature (Salem, Oreg., 1994).
5. Daniel Sitarz, ed., Agenda 21: The Earth Summit Strategy to Save Our Planet (Boulder, Colo.: Earth Press, 1993), pp. 266-67. The U.N. Conference proceedings are documented in Group Project by the Youth of Louisville, Kentucky, We Got the Whole World in Our Hands: A Youth Interpretation of Agenda 21 (Louisville, 1993).
6. Campus Green Vote, Blueprint for a Green Campus: The Campus Earth Summit Initiatives for Higher Education, project of the Heinz Family Fund (Washington, D.C., 1995).
7. The Roper Organization, America's Watching, Public Attitudes Toward Television, poll commissioned by the Network Television Association and the National Association of Broadcasters (New York, 1995), p. 17.
CHAPTER 4
1. U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 97, table 39.
2. Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1993, Pub. L. 103-66, 107 Stat. 312. Under this statute, businesses and employers of the nine empowerment zones are eligible for three major tax benefits, including employer wage credits, increased Section 179 spending, and tax-exempt bond financing for qualified properties.
3. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Wetlands Fact Sheet #4: Economic Benefits of Wetlands (Washington, D.C., 1993), p.1.
4. Frederick Law Olmsted, Jr., and Theodora Kimball, eds., Forty Years of Landscape Architecture: Central Park (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1973), p. 45. The passage is from a report Frederick Law Olmsted, Sr., submitted to the Department of Public Parks in 1872.
5. For more information, see Homestead Habitat for Humanity, Concept and Background, Jordan Commons: A Pilot Program for Sustainable Community-Building (Homestead, Fla., 1995).
6. Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991, Pub. L. 102-240, 105 Stat. 1914.
7. U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Retiring Old Cars: Programs to Save Gasoline and Reduce Emissions (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1992); Environmental Law and Policy Center, Components of a Model Accelerated Vehicle Retirement Program, report to the Energy Foundation (Chicago, 1994); and President's Commission on Environmental Quality, Partnership to Progress: The Report of the President's Commission on Environmental Quality (Washington, D.C., 1993), pp. 30-31. Examples of cash for clunkers programs include the Accelerated Vehicle Retirement project and, in the private sector, the Union Oil Company of California in which 7,000 model-year 1970 and older vehicles registered in the Los Angeles Basin were scrapped.
CHAPTER 5
1. U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Ecosystem Management in the BLM: From Concept to Commitment, BLM/SCGI-94/005-1736 (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 2.
2. U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994
(Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 225, table 354.
3. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources and Environmental Division, Economic Research Service, AREI Updates: Land Trusts, No. 13 (Washington, D.C., 1995).
4. The Conservation Reserve Program was established by the Food Security Act of 1985, Title XII, Pub. L. 99-198, 99 Stat. 1354.
5. Interagency Ecosystem Management Task Force, The Ecosystem Approach: Healthy Ecosystems and Sustainable Economies -- Volume II -- Implementation Issues (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce, 1995), pp. 110-11; and U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Summary Report, 1992 National Resources Inventory Graphic Highlights (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 1.
6. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Ocean Service, Fifty Years of Population Change Along the Nation's Coasts, 1960-2010 (Washington, D.C., 1990), p. 41.
7. Government Performance and Results Act of 1993, 31 U.S.C. 1115-19 (1995).
8. Federal Advisory Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. Ap. 2 (1994).
9. See U.S. Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Habitat Protection Activity Report 1991-1993 (Silver Spring, Md., 1994); and Proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River Salmon (Seattle, 1995).
10. See Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 225, table 354.
11. Endangered Species Act, 16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq. (1982); and Bruce A. Stein et al., `Status of U.S. Species: Setting Conservation Priorities,' in U.S. Department of the Interior, National Biological Service, Our Living Resources -- A Report to the Nation on Distribution, Abundance, and Health of U.S. Plants, Animals, and Ecological Systems (Washington, D.C., 1995), pp. 399-400.
12. Douglas S. Powell et al., Forest Resources of the United States, 1992, no. 234 (Fort Collins, Colo.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Forest and Range Experimentation Station, 1994), p. 132.
13. T. Alexander Majchrowicz and Jacqueline Salsgiver, `U.S. Farm and Farm-Related Employment in 1991,' Agriculture Information Bulletin, no. 714 (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, April 1995), p. 1.
14. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, Agricultural Resources and Environmental Indicators, no. 705 (Washington, D.C., 1994), pp. 1-16.
15. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water, National Water Quality Inventory, 1992 Report to Congress, 841-R-94-001 (Washington, D.C., 1994).
16. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, Summary Report, 1992 -- National Resources Inventory (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 5.
17. U.S. Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistical Survey, U.S. Number of Farms 1910-1993 (Washington, D.C.).
18. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, National Resources Inventory: Graphic Highlights of Natural Resources Trends in the United States Between 1982 and 1992 (Washington, D.C., 1995), p. 3.
19. Food Security Act of 1985; Agricultural Reconciliation Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-508, 104 Stat. 1388; and Farmland Protection Policy Act, 7 U.S.C. 4201 et seq. (1982).
20. Forest Resources of the United States, 1992.
21. Information presented by Eldon Ross, associate deputy chief for research for the U.S. Forest Service, to the Second Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe, Helsinki, Finland, 16-17 June 1993, p. 4.
22. Scott Wallinger, `A Commitment to the Future American Forest and Paper Association Sustainable Forestry Initiative,' Journal of Forestry 93, no. 1 (January 1995): 16-19.
23. See W. Nehlsen, J.E. Williams, and J.A. Lichatowich, `Pacific Salmon at the Crossroads: Stocks at Risk From California, Oregon, Idaho, and Washington,' Fisheries 16, no. 2 (1991): 4-21; Habitat Protection Activity Report 1991-1993; and Proposed Recovery Plan for Snake River Salmon.
24. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Natural Resources Conservation Service, 1992 National Resources Inventory Backgrounder (Washington, D.C., 1995).
25. For more information, see The Nature Conservancy, `The Nature Conservancy, Georgia-Pacific Corporation Form Pact to Protect Significant Watershed in Eastern U.S.,' press release (Arlington, Va., 14 November 1994).
CHAPTER 6
1. Population data are from U.N. Department for Economic and Social Information and Policy Analysis, World Population Prospects - 1994 Revision (New York: United Nations, 1995), pp. 103-04, table 50; U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 9, table 4; U.N. Conference on Environment and Development, United States of America National Report (Washington, D.C.: Council on Environmental Quality, 1992), p. 26; and Jennifer Cheeseman Day, Population Projections of the United States, by Age, Sex, Race, and Hispanic Origin: 1993 to 2050, U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, Current Population Report (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993), table 1.a.
2. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 446.
3. General consumption data are from World Resources Institute, World Resources 1994-95, prepared in collaboration with the U.N. Environmental Program and the U.N. Development Program (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 15. Energy consumption data are from U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census, World Population Profile: 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 9, fig. 6; and U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Association, International Energy Annual: 1993, DOE/EIA-0219(93) (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), p. vii. International comparisons are from Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD Environmental Performance Reviews -- Netherlands (Paris, 1995), p. 69, fig. 3.4; World Resources 1994-95, p. 16, table 1.9, and p. 341, table 21.6; and U.N. Environment Program, Environmental Data Report 1993-94 (Oxford: The Alden Press, 1993), pp. 347-48, table 8.2.
4. Institute of Medicine, The Best Intentions: Unintended Pregnancy and the Well-Being of Children and Families, S.Brown and L. Eisenberg, eds. (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1995).
5. Data derived by subtracting deaths from births using vital statistics compiled by the National Center for Health and Human Services in 1992. See U.S. Health and Human Services, `Advance Report of Final Mortality Statistics, 1992,' Monthly Vital Statistics Report 43, no. 6 (Hyattsville, Md.: National Institute for Health Statistics, 1994); and U.S. Health and Human Services, `Advance Report of Final Natality Statistics, 1991,' Monthly Vital Statistics Report 43, no. 5 (Hyattsville, Md.: National Institute for Health Statistics, 1994).
6. Public Health Service Act of 1970, 42 U.S.C. Subchapter VIII, Title X, 300 et seq. (1988).
7. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, `The U.S. Family Planning Program Faces Challenges and Change,' Issues in Brief (Washington, D.C., 1995).
8. D. Daley and R. Gold, `Public funding for Contraceptive, Sterilization, and Abortion Services, Fiscal Year 1992,' Family Planning Perspectives 25, no. 6 (December 1993): 248; and `The U.S. Family Planning Program Faces Challenges and Change.'
9. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Uneven and Unequal: Insurance Coverage and Reproductive Health Service (Washington, D.C., 1994).
10. The Alan Guttmacher Institute, Sex and America's Teenagers (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 20.
11. Information presented by Jacqueline Forrest of The Alan Guttmacher Institute to the President's Council on Sustainable Development, Population and Consumption Task Force, Roundtable Discussion on Fertility and Migration, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 27 October 1994.
12. Patricia Donovan, The Politics of Blame: Family Planning Abortion and the Poor (Washington, D.C.: The Alan Guttmacher Institute, 1995), p. 9.
13. Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, pp. 9-10, tables 4-6.
14. Information presented by Jennifer Day of the U.S. Bureau of the Census to the President's Council on Sustainable Development, Population and Consumption Task Force, Roundtable Discussion on Fertility and Migration, The George Washington University, Washington, D.C., 27 October 1994.
15. Immigration Act of 1990, Pub. L. 101-649, 104 Stat. 4978.
CHAPTER 7
1. World Resources Institute, World Resources 1994-95, prepared in collaboration with the U.N. Environmental Program and the U.N. Development Program (New York: Oxford University Press, 1994), p. 268, table 16.1 (for population numbers). The United States has the largest gross domestic product in the world. See U.S. Department of Commerce, Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1994), p. 862, table 1366.
Close up estimates of the U.S. share of the world resource consumption range from 20 to 30 precent. In 1993, the United States consumed approximately 24 percent of world energy. See U.S. Department of Energy, Energy Information Administration, International Energy Annual 1993, DOE/EIA-0219(93) (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1995), p. vii. U.S. consumption of raw materials in 1993 equaled nearly 30 percent of the world total. See U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, `Changing Minerals and Material Use Patterns' (presented at the Annual General Meeting of the Academia Europaea, Parma, Italy, 23-25 June 1994), figs. 5-1 and 5-2. Waste consumption data are from OECD Environmental Performance Reviews -- Netherlands (Paris, 1995), p. 78, fig. 4.2.
2. U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO), Rome Consensus on World Fisheries (presented at FAO Ministerial Conference on Fisheries, Rome, Italy, 14-15 March 1995).
3. World Resources Institute, Global Biodiversity Strategy: Guidelines for Action to Save, Study and Use Earth's Biotic Wealth Sustainably and Equitably, prepared in collaboration with the U.N. Environmental Program and The World Conservation Union (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1992), p. 7, citing C.D. Thomas, `Fewer Species,' Nature 347 (1990): 237.
4. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change: The IPCC Scientific Assesment, J.T. Houghton, G.J. Jenkins, and J.J. Ephraums, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1990), p. xi. In addition to the 1990 report, IPCC issued reports in 1992 and 1994 and is drafting a 1995 update. See IPCC, Climate Change 1992: The Supplementary Report to the Scientific Assessment, J.T. Houghton, B.A. Callander, and S.K. Varney, eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992); and Climate Change 1994: Radiative Forcing of Climate Change, J.T. Houghton et al., eds. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994).
5. G. Marland, R.J. Andres, and T.A. Boden, `Global, Regional, and Natural CO2 Emissions,' in T.A. Boden et al., eds., Trends '93: A Compendium of Data on Global Change (Oak Ridge, Tenn.: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1994), pp. 505-84; and World Resources 1994-95, p. 202, table 11.7. Future projections are from International Energy Agency, World Energy Outlook 1995 (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development/International Energy Agency, 1995), pp. 48-49.
6. Data on economic benefits of biodiversity are from Global Biodiversity Strategy, p. 2, citing C. Prescott-Allen, The First Resource (New Haven: Yale University Press, 1986); U.N. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), FAO Yearbook Fisheries Statistics 1993, vol. 76 (Rome, 1993), p. xi, `World Catch'; Walter V. Reid et al., Biodiversity Prospecting: Using Genetic Resources for Sustainable Development (Washington, D.C.: World Resources Institute, 1993), p. 7; Global Biodiversity Strategy , p. 4; and The Ecotourism Society, Ecotourism Statistical Fact Sheet (N. Bennington, Vt.., 1995), citing Fern Filion, `Economics of Global Ectourism,' in Mohan Munasinghe and Jeffrey McNeely, eds., Protected Areas -- Economics and Policy (Washington, D.C.: World Bank, 1994).
Extinction projections are from Global Biodiversity Strategy, p. 7, citing Walter V. Reid, `How Many Species Will There Be?' in T. Whitmore and J. Sayer, Tropical Deforestation and Species Extinction (London: Chapman and Hall, 1992), p. 63; and Paul R. Ehrlich and Edward O. Wilson, `Biodiversity Studies: Science and Policy,' Science 253 (1991): 759-62.
7. The Earth Council, Directory of National Councils for Sustainable Development, 2nd ed., directory compiled with assistance from World Resources Institute, Natural Resource Defense Council, and U.N. Department of Policy Coordination and Sustainable Development (San Jose: The Earth Council, 1995).
8. The United States signed the Climate Convention on 15 June 1992, ratifying it on 15 October 1992; and signed the Biodiversity Convention on 4 June 1993. See U.N. Office of Legal Affairs, United Nations -- Multilateral Treaties Deposited With Secretary-General, Status as of 31 December 1994 With Supplements, ST/LEG/SER.E/13 (New York: United Nations, 1994).
9. The discussion of climate change is based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change studies listed in note 4. In addition, there are other major studies on global climate change. See National Research Council (NRC), Energy and Climate (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1977); NRC, Carbon Dioxide and Climate: A Scientific Assessment (Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences, 1979); NRC, Changing Climate: Report of the Carbon Dioxide Assessment Committee (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1983); NRC, Global Change and Our Common Future:Papers From a Forum (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989); NRC, Ozone Depletion, Greenhouse Gases, and Climate Change (proceedings of Joint Symposium by the Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate and the Committee on Global Change, Commission on Physical Sciences, Mathematics and Resources) (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1989); National Academy of Sciences, Policy Implications of Greenhouse Warming: Mitigation, Adaption, and the Science Base (Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press, 1992); U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Preparing for an Uncertain Climate -- Volume 1, OTA-O-567 (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993).
10. For more information on joint implementation, see President William J. Clinton and Vice President Albert Gore, Jr., The Climate Change Action Plan (Washington, D.C.:The White House, 1993), pp. 26-31.
11. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, North American Waterfowl Management Plan, fact sheet (Washington D.C., 1995); Council on Environmental Quality, Environmental Quality:The Twenty-Fourth Annual Report (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1993), pp. 96 and 99; and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, 1994 Update to the North American Waterfowl Management Plan -- Expanding the Commitment (Washington, D.C., 1994), p. 2.
12. U.S. Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, citing estimate by Environmental Business International, Inc., Environmental Business JournalR, August 1995: pp. 1-5. In 1993, the environmental industry generated $133 billion in revenues or about 2 percent of the gross domestic product. The industry employed over 1 million people. See Statistical Abstract of the United States 1994, p. 235, table 373; and p. 446, table 684.
The Pollution Prevention Pilot Project 30
`There Aren't Enough Hours in the Day' 32
Regulatory Flexibility and Accountability in Action 36
Power, Leg Room, and 80 Miles to the Gallon 37
From the Top of a Mountain to the Heart of the City 41
Tools for Extended Product Responsibility 42
Responsible Care 43
Preserving the Long Island Pine Barrens 45
Oregon Benchmarks -- Indicators of Progress 66
Friends of the Future 72
GLOBE: Hands-on Learning 75
Color Me Green 77
Partnership for Protection 80
Chattanooga: A City Remaking Itself 89
Nourishing Communities: Jordan Commons 96
Pattonsburg: A Town Renewal 98
California Sprawl 100
Creating Clean Jobs 105
Revitalizing Brownfield Sites 107
Mono Lake and `Drought-Proofing' Los Angeles 116
Protecting Louisiana Wetlands 120
The Return of the Atlantic Striped Bass 134
`They Didn't Expect Applause' 138
Teens Teaching Teens 148
New Economics for Women 151
Global Climate Change 163
Protecting a Rite of Autumn 164
Made in the USA: Exporting Environmental Technologies 166
Figure 1:Water Quality Violations 14
Figure 2:Personal Savings Rate 15
Figure 3:U.S. Family Income Distribution 16
Figure 4:Annual Soil Erosion From Cropland 17
Figure 5:U.S. Energy Intensity 18
Figure 6:Violent Crime 19
Figure 7:Public Participation: Voting for U.S. Representatives 20
Figure 8:Median Annual Earnings of Workers 25 Years Old and Over21
Figure 9:Official Development Assistance 22
Figure 10:Enrollment in Institutions of Higher Education by Age23
Figure 11: Industrial Ecology for Sustainability 39
Figure 12:Total U.S. Materials Use 144
Figure 13:Total West Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Catch 157
Figure 14:Alternative Temperate Rise Estimates Associated With Rising CO2
Concentration 158
Figure 15:Global CO2 Concentrations 159
Figure 16:Estimated Annual Deforestation Rates, by Country, 1980-90161
DAVID T. BUZZELLI, Vice President and Corporate Director of Environment, Health & Safety, Public Affairs, and Information Systems, The Dow Chemical Company. Mr. Buzzelli joined The Dow Chemical Company in 1965 and held a number of positions in process engineering and agricultural chemical production before being appointed director of government and public affairs and a vice president of Dow Chemical U.S.A. In 1986, he was named chairman, president, and chief executive officer of Dow Chemical Canada. He serves on both The Dow Chemical Company and Dow Corning Boards of Directors. Mr. Buzzelli is a member of the Conference Board Council on Environmental Affairs and chairman of The Keystone Center Board of Trustees. He also serves on the World Resources Institute Global Council and is a trustee of the Midland Community Center Board. Mr. Buzzelli has a bachelor's degree from the University of Minnesota in chemical engineering and a master's in the same subject from the University of Delaware.
JONATHAN LASH, President, World Resources Institute. Since 1993, Mr. Lash has headed up this Washington, D.C.-based center for policy research and technical assistance on poverty, development, natural resources, and environmental quality. Previously, he directed the environmental law and policy program of the Vermont Law School. From 1987 to 1991, he headed the Vermont Agency of Natural Resources. Mr. Lash was previously a senior staff attorney at the Natural Resources Defense Council , and a federal prosecutor in the District of Columbia. He chaired the National Commission on Superfund and was the first U.S. member of the Earth Council, an international organization created to track implementation of the sustainable development agenda set by the 1992 Earth Summit. Mr. Lash is a former Peace Corps volunteer. He has a bachelor's degree in government from Harvard University and a law degree from Catholic University.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
MOLLY HARRISS OLSON, Executive Director, President's Council on Sustainable Development. Most recently, Ms. Olson was special assistant to the director of the Bureau of Land Management at the U.S. Department of the Interior, responsible for ecosystem management. During the 1992 presidential campaign, she was deputy national coordinator of Environmentalists for Clinton-Gore. Ms. Olson was a consultant to the environmental minister of Australia and conducted a major review of that government's funding for the environment. She was also a scientific research diver with the Australian Institute of Marine Science and managing editor and member of the editorial board of Wildlife Australia magazine. In 1994, she was selected as a member of the World Economic Forum's Global Leaders for Tomorrow Program. Ms. Olson has a joint bachelor's degree with honors in environmental studies and resource economics from the University of California, Santa Cruz, and a master's degree in environmental policy from Yale University's School of Forestry and Environmental Studies, where she was a Bates Resident Scholar.
MEMBERS
JOHN H. ADAMS, Executive Director, Natural Resources Defense Council. Mr. Adams has been executive director of the Natural Resources Defense Council since 1970. He is chairman of the Open Space Institute and serves on the board of directors of the American Conservation Association, Catskill Center for Conservation, Green Seal, Hudson River Foundation, Winston Foundation for World Peace, Woods Hole Research Center, and World Resources Institute. Mr. Adams also served on the National Superfund Commission and the Chairman's Advisory Council of the Senate Environment and Public Works Committee. He is a graduate of Michigan State University and Duke University School of Law.
BRUCE BABBITT, Secretary, U.S. Department of the Interior. Before heading up the Interior Department, Secretary Babbitt was governor of Arizona from 1978 to 1987. Previously, he spent three years as the state's attorney general. In 1988, he was a Democratic candidate for President. In addition, Secretary Babbitt was national president of the League of Conservation Voters and a founding board member of the Grand Canyon Trust. He graduated from the University of Notre Dame, and has a master's degree in geophysics from the University of Newcastle, England, and a law degree from Harvard University.
RICHARD BARTH, Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer, Ciba-Geigy Corporation. Mr. Barth has served as president and chief executive officer of this leading developer and manufacturer of health care and agricultural products since 1986, and as chairman of its board since 1990. He first joined Ciba Corporation in 1965 as a legal assistant; following its merger with Geigy, he became the firm's general counsel. He next served as chief financial officer and as a senior vice president from 1980 to 1986. Mr. Barth is on the boards of the Chemical Manufacturers Association, Committee for Economic Development, Bank of New York, and Bowater, Inc.; he is also on the board of trustees of New York Medical College. He is a graduate of Wesleyan University and Columbia Law School.
RONALD H. BROWN, Secretary, U.S. Department of Commerce. In addition to his responsibilities at the Commerce Department, Secretary Brown serves on the President's National Economic Council, the Domestic Policy Council, and the Task Force on National Health Care Reform. Earlier, he was a partner in the law firm of Patton, Boggs, and Blow, and served as chief counsel of the Senate Judiciary Committee. He also served 12 years with the National Urban League as its deputy executive director, general counsel, and vice president for Washington, D.C., operations. Secretary Brown is a trustee of Middlebury College and chairs the Senior Advisory Committee of the Institute of Politics at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government. He holds degrees from Middlebury College and St. John's University Law School.
CAROL M. BROWNER, Administrator, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Since assuming her present position, Administrator Browner has made pollution prevention an agency priority; she has also aimed to simplify environmental rules and cut paperwork. From 1991 to 1993, she was secretary of Florida's Department of Environmental Regulation. Earlier, she served as legislative director to then-Senator Al Gore, chief legislative aide for environmental issues for then-Senator Lawton Chiles, now governor of Florida, and general counsel for the Florida House of Representatives Government Operations Committee. She also worked for Citizen Action, a grassroots consumer group. Ms. Browner received her undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Florida at Gainesville.
BENJAMIN F. CHAVIS, JR., National Chairman, National African-American Leadership Summit. In addition to leading this coalition of African-American organizations that promote social and economic justice, Mr. Chavis is an ordained minister of the United Church of Christ. He served as the church's executive director of the Commission for Racial Justice, which issued the report Toxic Waste and Race in the United States, and sponsored the First National People of Color Environmental Leadership Summit. A 30-year veteran of the civil rights movement, Mr. Chavis is the former executive director and chief executive officer of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP). He has a degree in chemistry from the University of North Carolina and graduated from Duke University School of Divinity and Howard University Law School.
RICHARD A. CLARKE, Retired Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Pacific Gas and Electric Company. Mr. Clarke began his career as an attorney for Pacific Gas and Electric Company, subsequently holding a number of legal and executive management positions with the firm. He presently serves on the boards of directors for BankAmerica Corporation and Potlatch Corporation. He is also a member of the advisory board for the Walter A. Haas School of Business at the University of California, Berkeley; and of the board of trustees for the university's School of Law. Mr. Clarke received both a bachelor's degree in political science and a law degree from the University of California, Berkeley.
A.D. `PETE' CORRELL, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Georgia-Pacific Corporation. Mr. Correll first joined Georgia-Pacific in 1988 as senior vice president for pulp and printing papers; he was soon named executive vice president and, in 1991, president and chief executive officer. He became chairman of the board in 1993. Previously, Mr. Correll had been with Mead Corporation, most recently as senior vice president for forest products. He is a board member of the American Forest and Paper Association, Atlanta Chamber of Commerce, and University of Maine Pulp and Paper Foundation; and a trustee of the Georgia Conservancy and the U.S. Council for International Business Trade. Mr. Correll has a bachelor's degree in business administration from the University of Georgia and master's degrees in pulp and paper technology and chemical engineering from the University of Maine at Orono.
KENNETH T. DERR, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Chevron Corporation. Mr. Derr assumed his current position in 1989; previously, he was vice chairman responsible for Chevron's U.S. petroleum business, chemicals, coal, land development, and research, as well as several major corporate staffs. From 1979 to 1984, he was president of Chevron U.S.A. He also headed the program to implement the Chevron-Gulf merger. Mr. Derr is a director of Citicorp, American Petroleum Institute, American Productivity & Quality Center, Bay Area Council, and Invest-in-America; a trustee emeritus of Cornell University; and a member of the Business Council and Business Roundtable. During the Bush administration, he also served on the President's Commission on Environmental Quality. Mr. Derr earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering and a master's in business administration from Cornell University.
DIANNE DILLON-RIDGLEY, Co-Chair, Citizens Network for Sustainable Development. Ms. Dillon-Ridgley is a consultant for international and domestic development and human rights issues. She is national president of Zero Population Growth and serves as chair of its board of directors. She was selected by the White House in 1992 to serve as an advisor to and member of the U.S. delegation to the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development. She is co-chair of racial justice for the YWCA of the U.S.A. and has been chair of the Targeted Small Business Board for the Iowa Department of Economic Development since 1987. She is a state-certified mediator in Iowa specializing in agricultural mediation and public policy negotiation. Ms. Dillon-Ridgley has a bachelor's degree in philosophy from Howard University.
THOMAS R. DONAHUE, Former President, AFL-CIO. Mr. Donahue served as president of the AFL-CIO from August to October 1995; he had served as the organization's treasurer since 1979. Previously, he held a variety of other positions at the AFL-CIO, ranging from organizer and business agent to first vice president of the Service Employees International Union and executive assistant to the AFL-CIO president. Mr. Donahue was an assistant secretary of labor for labor-management relations during the Johnson administration. He is a board member of the Council on Foreign Relations, National Urban League, African-American Institute, and National Institute for Dispute Resolution. He graduated from Manhattan College and earned a law degree from Fordham University.
JUDITH M. ESPINOSA, Former Secretary of the Environment, State of New Mexico. Currently, Ms. Espinosa is the director for community services and public policy for the Alliance for Transportation Research, a public-private partnership for national and international transportation and delivery systems. Ms. Espinosa served as cabinet secretary of environment for New Mexico from 1991 to 1994. Concurrently, she chaired New Mexico's Water Quality Control and Mining Commissions. She directed Albuquerque's mobile source air pollution programs from 1988 to 1990, and was New Mexico's secretary of transportation from 1983 to 1985. Ms. Espinosa is a board member of the Clean Air Action Corporation, Energy Foundation, and National Wildlife Federation. She is also a trustee of the New Mexico Hispanic Culture Foundation. Ms. Espinosa has a bachelor's degree in nursing from the University of New Mexico; a master's in public health nursing from the University of California, Los Angeles; and a J.D. from the University of New Mexico.
DAN GLICKMAN, Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Secretary Glickman brings over two decades of legislative and legal experience to his position. Prior to his confirmation, he represented Kansas' 4th District in the U.S. House of Representatives for 18 years. His committee assignments included the House Agriculture Committee; and he chaired the Subcommittee on General Farm Commodities and its predecessor, the Subcommittee on Wheat, Soybeans, and Feed Grains, for six years. He worked on farm bills in 1977, 1981, and 1990; he also was the original author of legislation to streamline and reorganize the Agriculture Department. Additionally, Secretary Glickman chaired the House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence. Before being elected to Congress in 1976, he was president of the Wichita, Kansas, School Board; and a partner in the law firm of Sargent, Klenda and Glickman. He has a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Michigan, and a law degree from The George Washington University.
JAY D. HAIR, President Emeritus, National Wildlife Federation. Before his resignation in 1995, Mr. Hair served for 14 years as president of the National Wildlife Federation, the world's largest conservation organization. In 1991, he was appointed to the Investment Policy Advisory Committee as a U.S. trade representative; in 1994, he was reappointed to the Investment and Services Policy Advisory Committee. Mr. Hair serves on the board of directors of several organizations, including Clean Sites, Inc., and Windstar Foundation; and is president of the World Conservation Union. He received a bachelor's degree in biology and a master's degree in zoology from Clemson University; he also has a doctorate in zoology from the University of Alberta, Canada.
WILLIAM E. HOGLUND, Retired Executive Vice President, General Motors Corporation. Until his retirement in 1995, Mr. Hoglund was responsible for corporate and North American operations support staffs of General Motors (GM). He also served on the GM President's Council and was a member of the GM board of directors. He began his career at GM in 1958 in its accounting department; he eventually became the company's executive vice president and chief financial officer. Mr. Hoglund is a member of the University of Michigan Graduate School of Business Administration's Visiting Committee. He serves on the boards of directors of Detroit Renaissance, Sloan Foundation, Standard Federal Bank, Detroit Diesel Corporation, and Mead Corporation. Mr. Hoglund received a bachelor's degree in economics from Princeton University and a master's degree from the University of Michigan.
SAMUEL C. JOHNSON, Chairman, S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc. Mr. Johnson has chaired this family-owned company since 1967; over the years, he has also served as vice president, president, and chief executive officer. He sits on the boards of Mobil Corporation, Deere & Company, and H.J. Heinz Company, among others. He is a member of the Business Council, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development, and the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution. He also serves on the National Board of Governors of The Nature Conservancy. In 1994, Mr. Johnson was awarded the Charles A. Lindbergh Award for a lifetime of contributions to furthering the balance between technological advancement and environmental preservation. He holds a bachelor's degree in economics from Cornell University, a master's degree in business administration from Harvard University, and seven honorary doctorates.
FRED D. KRUPP, Executive Director, Environmental Defense Fund. Mr. Krupp has been with the Environmental Defense Fund -- an organization that links science, economics, and law to create innovative, economically viable solutions to environmental problems -- for 11 years. In addition, Mr. Krupp serves on the boards of Resources for the Future, the Connecticut Fund for the Environment, and the Recycling Advisory Council; he is also on the Governor of New York's Environmental Advisory Board. Previously, he was a member of the President's Commission on Environmental Quality and the National Commission on Superfund. Mr. Krupp is a graduate of Yale University and holds a law degree from the University of Michigan.
KENNETH L. LAY, Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Enron Corp. With $8.9 billion in annual revenues in 1994, Enron is one of the world's largest energy companies; Mr. Lay was elected its chief executive officer in 1985 and its chairman in 1986. Before joining Enron, he held top management positions with Houston Natural Gas, Transco Energy Company, and Continental Resources Company. Earlier, he served as a corporate economist for Exxon Company, U.S.A., and deputy undersecretary for energy for the U.S. Department of the Interior. Mr. Lay is on the boards of Compaq Computer Corporation, Eli Lilly and Company, and Trust Company of the West. He holds bachelor's and master's degrees in economics from the University of Missouri, and a doctorate in the same subject from the University of Houston.
HAZEL R. O'LEARY, Secretary, U.S. Department of Energy. Secretary O'Leary brings 20 years of experience in energy policy to her position. Prior to her appointment to the Energy Department, she was executive vice president and then president of the natural gas subsidiary for Northern States Power (NSP), a $2 billion diversified utility holding company. She served on the boards of N-R-G Energy Inc., an independent power producer and NSP subsidiary; and of AES Corporation, an international power producer. Earlier, she was vice president and general counsel of O'Leary Associates, an international energy and economic consulting firm. She also was a partner in the Washington, D.C.-based accounting firm of Coopers & Lybrand. Secretary O'Leary holds degrees from Fisk University and Rutgers University Law School.
MICHELE A. PERRAULT, International Vice President, Sierra Club. Ms. Perrault was national president of the Sierra Club from 1984 to 1986 and again in 1993, directing its international and education programs. For the past 10 years, she also has directed the Sierra Club's environmental education workshop for teachers. During the Carter administration, she was a member of the National Advisory Council on Coastal Zone Management and of the U.S. Environ-mental Protection Agency's Environmental Education Advisory Council. Ms. Perrault has worked with the League of Women Voters, New York Zoological Society, and Bank Street College of Education. Her public service includes leadership positions at local, state, national, and international levels involving sustainable communities and fostering education for ecologically sustainable development. Ms. Perrault received a bachelor's degree from Hunter College.
WILLIAM D. RUCKELSHAUS, Chairman, Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc. Mr. Ruckelshaus is chairman of Browning-Ferris, one of the nation's largest waste disposal companies, and until recently was the company's chief executive officer. He was appointed the first administrator of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in 1970, when the agency was formed. In 1983, he was reappointed to this post by President Reagan. He serves as a member of the Trilateral Commission and the Recycling Advisory Council. He also sits on the boards of directors of Cummins Engine Company, Monsanto Company, Nordstrom, Inc., and Weyerhaeuser Company. Mr. Ruckelshaus represented the United States on the United Nations World Commission on Environment and Development. He graduated from Princeton University and earned a law degree from Harvard University.
JOHN C. SAWHILL, President and Chief Executive Officer, The Nature Conservancy. Before joining The Nature Conservancy, Mr. Sawhill headed the energy practice of McKinsey and Company. He was president of the U.S. Synthetic Fuels Corporation and served as deputy secretary of the U.S. Energy Department in the Carter administration. Earlier, he was administrator of the Federal Energy Administration; associate director for natural resources, energy, science, and environment of the Office of Management and Budget; and president of New York University. He has served on the boards of several companies, including Consolidated Edison Company, Crane Corporation, and American International Group. Mr. Sawhill graduated from Princeton University and holds a doctorate in economics from New York University.
THEODORE STRONG, Executive Director, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. As the commission's executive director, Mr. Strong represents and is an advocate for the Warm Springs, Yakima, Umatilla, and Nez Perc tribes' ecosystem management philosophies and goals, which combine science and business acumen with traditional Indian values. Previously, Mr. Strong managed his own international trade and consulting company. Earlier, he was comptroller for the Yakima Indian Nation and president of the Native American Finance Officers Association. Mr. Strong is a member of the Yakima tribe.
EX OFFICIO MEMBERS
D. JAMES BAKER, Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce. In addition to his duties at the Commerce Department, Mr. Baker is co-chair of the Committee on Environment and Natural Resources of the National Science and Technology Council. From 1993 to 1994, he was acting chair of the Council on Environmental Quality. Earlier, Mr. Baker served as president of Joint Oceanographic Institutions, Inc. He was co-founder and first dean of the College of Ocean and Fishery Sciences at the University of Washington and a faculty member at Harvard University. Mr. Baker was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science in 1988. He holds a bachelor's degree in physics from Stanford University and a doctorate in physics from Cornell University.
MADELEINE M. KUNIN, Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Education. Prior to assuming her present position, Ms. Kunin was governor of Vermont, an office she held from 1985 to 1991. After leaving office, she founded the Institute for Sustainable Communities. Ms. Kunin also served three terms in the Vermont General Assembly, and was elected lieutenant governor of Vermont in both 1978 and 1980. She graduated from the University of Massachusetts and holds a master's degree in journalism from Columbia University and in English literature from the University of Vermont.
RICHARD E. ROMINGER, Deputy Secretary, U.S. Department of Agriculture. Mr. Rominger's most recent occupation before joining the Department of Agriculture was as a family farmer near Winters, California. For his work, he was named Agriculturist of the Year at the 1992 California State Fair and received the California Farm Bureau Federation's Distinguished Service Award in 1991. From 1977 to 1982, Mr. Rominger headed the California Department of Food and Agriculture; concurrently, he served as president of the Western Association of State Departments of Agriculture and the Western U.S. Agricultural Trade Association. He also was a director of the National Association of State Departments of Agriculture and of the American Farmland Trust. He holds a bachelor's degree in plant science from the University of California, Davis.
TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Undersecretary for Global Affairs, U.S. Department of State. As undersecretary, Mr. Wirth coordinates a broad group of global programs addressing, among other topics, population, environment, science, terrorism, and human rights. Previously, he was a U.S. senator from Colorado, assigned to the Armed Services, Budget, Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, and Energy and Natural Resources Committees. He represented the 2nd Congressional District of Colorado for 12 years and was voted one of the 25 most effective members of the House. Mr. Wirth has served on the board of Denver Planned Parenthood, was a founding member of Denver Head Start, is a member of the Colorado Black Chamber of Commerce, and is on the advisory board for the Colorado Hispanic Agenda. He has bachelor's and master's degrees from Harvard University and a Ph.D. from Stanford University.
LIAISON TO THE PRESIDENT
KATHLEEN A. McGINTY, Chair, Council on Environmental Quality. Ms. McGinty is responsible for developing and advising on environmental, energy, and natural resources policy for the Clinton administration and for administering the National Environmental Policy Act. She was previously deputy assistant to the President and director of the White House Office on Environmental Policy. Before serving in the Clinton administration, Ms. McGinty was then-Senator Al Gore's senior legislative assistant for energy and environmental policy. In this position, she helped draft revisions to the Clean Air Act. She also served as congressional staff coordinator for the Senate delegation to the United Nations 1992 Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro and as an official member of the U.S. delegation to negotiations on the Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Antarctica Protocol. Ms. McGinty has a bachelor's degree in chemistry from St. Joseph's University and a J.D. from Columbia School of Law.
The President's Council gratefully acknowledges the diligent service of the staff members and the principal liaisons, without whom the Council's success would not have been possible.
EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR
Molly Harriss Olson
STAFF
Carrie Beach, Correspondence and Scheduling Assistant
Shelley Cohen, Coordinator, Public LinkageDialogue, and Education
Sally Cole, Former Chief Financial Officer
Linda Durkee, Writer
Peggy Duxbury, Coordinator, Principles and Goals
Joan Ebzery, Director, Legislative and Public Affairs
Julie Frieder, Coordinator, Eco-Efficiency
Susan Giglio, Office Manger
Monica Gonzales, Coordinator, Population
Liane Hores, Administrative Assistant
Kara Johnson, Secretary/Receptionist
Gary Larsen, Coordinator, Natural Resources
David Levine, Former Task Force Assistant, Eco-Efficiency
Eunice Lockhart-Moss, Special Assistant to the Executive Director
Jan McAlpine, Former Coordinator, Eco-Efficiency
Sarah McCourt, Director, Communications
Corinne McLaughlin, Former Coordinator, Sustainable Communities
Lois Morrison, Coordinator, Sustainable Agriculture
Angela Park, Coordinator, Sustainable Communities
Heather Sears, Former Correspondence and Scheduling Assistant
Sharon Segal, Chief Financial Officer
Tom Super, Former Writer
Amy Todd, Former Task Force Assistant
Ed Wall, Former Coordinator Energy and Transportation
Greg Wedemeyer, Task Force Assistant
Kurt Zwally, Coordinator, Energy and Transportation
PRINCIPAL LIAISONS
Marcia Aronoff, Environmental Defense Fund
Frances Beinecke, Natural Resources Defense Council
Matthew Baca, State of New Mexico
John Bullard, U.S. Department of Commerce
David Gardiner, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Richard Goodstein, Browning-Ferris Industries, Inc.
Wade Greene, Rockefeller Financial Services
Lynn Greenwalt, National Wildlife Federation
David Harwood, U.S. Department of State
Jeffrey Hunker, U.S. Department of Commerce
Jane Hutterly, S.C. Johnson & Son, Inc.
Glynn Key, U.S. Department of the Interior
Keith Laughlin, Council on Environmental Quality
James Lyons, U.S. Department of Agriculture
Michael McCloskey, Sierra Club
Dennis Minano, General Motors Corporation
John Mincy, Ciba-Geigy Corporation
William Mulligan, Chevron Corporation
Rudy Oswald, AFL-CIO
Claude Poncelet, Pacific Gas and Electric Company
John Platt, Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission
Dirk Forester, U.S. Department of Energy
Russell VanHerik, The Nature Conservancy
Terence Thorn, Enron Corp.
Susan Vogt, Georgia-Pacific Corporation
Carole Wacey, U.S. Department of Education
Larry Wallace, Hazel & Thomas
Donna Wise, World Resources Institute
Ben Woodhouse, The Dow Chemical Company
The members of the President's Council on Sustainable Development would like to thank the hundreds of individuals and numerous organizations whose generous contributions of time, expertise, experience, resources, and funding made this report possible. Specifically, we would like to extend our appreciation to:
The more than 400 additional task force members who greatly expanded the wealth of knowledge and perspectives upon which the Council drew in making its recommendations. Their efforts often involved significant contributions of time and energy, as well as financial and other resources.
The thousands of people who attended Council and task force meetings and the hundreds who commented on the report at various stages of its development.
The participants, volunteers, and contributors who made possible the Council's visits to Seattle, Chicago, Chattanooga, and San Francisco, enabling the members to learn from the unique experiences of these special communities.
The talented group of experts and scientists who played an invaluable part in this effort by reviewing the numerous drafts of the report.
The financial support of the many contributors who allowed the Council to carry its concept of shared responsibility for progress to the funding area as well. Corporations, nonprofit organizations, individuals, and government agencies contributed directly to the Council. In addition, scores of individuals and organizations contributed to nonprofit groups that enabled the work of the task forces.
Facilitator, John Ehrmann of The Keystone Center.
Editor, Nita Congress
Project Support, Elfranko Wessels
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