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Intel Microprocessor Evolution
4004
Introduction date: November 15, 1971
Clock speed: 108 kilohertz
0.06 MIPS
Number of transistors: 2,300 (10 microns)
Bus width: 4 bits
Addressable memory: 640 bytes
Typical use: Busicom calculator
First microcomputer chip, arithmetic manipulation
8008
Introduction date: April 1972 (developed in tandem with 4004)
Clock speed: 200 kilohertz
0.06 MIPS
Number of transistors: 3,500 (10 microns)
Bus width: 8 bits
Addressable memory: 16 Kbytes
Typical use: Dumb terminals, general calculators, bottling
machines
Data/character manipulation
8080
Introduction date: April 1974
Clock speed: 2 MHz
0.64 MIPS
Number of transistors: 6,000 (6 microns)
Bus width: 8 bits
Addressable memory: 64 Kbytes
Typical use: Traffic light controller, Altair computer (first PC)
Ten times the performance of the 8008. Required six support
chips versus 20 for the 8008
8085
Introduction date: March 1976
Clock speed: 5 MHz
0.37 MIPS
Number of transistors: 6,500 (3 microns)
Bus width: 8 bits
Typical use: Toledo scale. From weight and price computed cost.
High level of integration, operating for the first time on a single
5 volt power supply (from 12 volts previously)
8086
Introduction date: June 8, 1978
Clock speeds: 5 MHz (0.33 MIPS)
8 MHz (0.66 MIPS)
10 MHz (0.75 MIPS)
Number of transistors: 29,000 (3 microns)
Bus width: 16 bits
Addressable memory: 1 Megabyte
Typical use: Portable computing
Ten times the performance of the 8080
8088
Introduction date: June 1979
Clock speeds: 5 MHz (0.33 MIPS)
8 MHz (0.75 MIPS)
Internal architecture: 16 bits
External bus width: 8 bits
Number of transistors: 29,000 (3 microns)
Typical use: Standard microprocessor for all IBM PCs and PC clones
Identical to 8086 except for its 8 bit external bus
80186
Introduction date: 1982
Note: Used mostly in controller applications
80286
Introduction date: February 1982
Clock speed: 6 MHz (0.9 MIPS)
10 MHz (1.5 MIPS)
12 MHz (2.66 MIPS)
Number of transistors: 134,000 (1.5 microns)
Bus width: 16 bits
Addressable memory: 16 megabytes
Virtual memory: 1 gigabyte
Typical use: Standard microprocessor for all PC clones at the time
Three to six times the performance of the 8086
Can scan the Encyclopedia Britannica in 45 seconds
Intel386™ DX CPU
Introduction date: October 17, 1985
Clock speeds: 16 MHz (5 to 6 MIPS)
20 MHz introduced February 16, 1987 (6 to 7 MIPS)
25 MHz introduced April 4, 1988 (8.5 MIPS)
33 MHz introduced April 10, 1989 (11.4 MIPS, 9.4 SPECint92 on Compaq/i
16K L2)
Number of transistors: 275,000 (1.5 microns, now 1 micron)
Bus width: 32 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: Desktop computing
Can address enough memory to manage an eight-page history of every person on earth
Can scan the Encyclopedia Britannica in 12.5 seconds
Intel386™ SX CPU
Introduction date: June 16, 1988
Clock speeds: 16 MHz (2.5 MIPS)
20 MHz introduced January 25, 1989 (2.5 MIPS)
25 MHz (2.7 MIPS)
33 MHz introduced October 26, 1992 (2.9 MIPS)
Number of transistors: 275,000 (1.5 microns, now 1 micron)
Internal architecture: 32 bits
External bus width: 16 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: Entry-level desktop and portable computing
Intel™ DX CPU
50X performance of the 8088.
Introduction date: April 10, 1989
Clock speeds: 25 MHz (20 MIPS, 16.8 SPECint92, 7.40 SPECfp92)
33 MHz introduced May 7, 1990 (27 MIPS, 22.4 SPECint92 on Micronics
M4P 128K L2)
50 MHz introduced June 24, 1991 (41 MIPS, 33.4 SPECint92, 14.5 SPECfp92
on Compaq/50L 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 1,200,000 (1 micron, with 50 MHz at .8 micron)
Bus width: 32 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: Desktop computing and servers
Fifty times the performance of the 8088
Can scan the Encyclopedia Britannica in 3.5 seconds
Intel386™ SL CPU
Introduction date: October 15, 1990
Clock speeds: 20 MHz (4.21 MIPS)
25 MHz introduced September 30, 1991 (5.3 MIPS)
Number of transistors: 855,000 (1 micron)
Internal architecture: 32 bits
External bus width: 16 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: First microprocessor made specifically for portables
Highly integrated; includes cache, bus, and memory controllers
Intel™ SX CPU
Introduction date: April 22, 1991
Clock speeds: 16 MHz introduced September 16, 1991 (13 MIPS)
20 MHz (16.5 MIPS)
25 MHz introduced September 16, 1991 (20 MIPS, 12 SPECint92)
33 MHz introduced September 21, 1992 (27 MIPS, 15.86 SPECint92)
Number of transistors: 1,185,000 (1 micron); 900,000 (.8 process)
Bus width: 32 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: Low-cost entry to Intel™ CPU desktop computing.
Same as Intel™ DX CPU with no math coprocessor on chip.
Upgradable with the Intel OverDrive processor.
Becoming standard processor in embedded applications.
IntelDX2™ Processor
Introduction date: March 3, 1992
Clock speeds: 50 MHz (41 MIPS, 29.9 SPECint92, 14.2 SPECfp92 on Micronics M4P 256K
L2)
66 MHz introduced August 10, 1992 (54 MIPS, 39.6 SPECint92, 18.8 SPECfp92 on Micronics
M4P 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 1.2 million (.8 micron)
Bus width: 32 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Typical use: High performance, low cost desktops
Uses "speed doubler" technology where the microprocessor core runs
at twice the speed of the bus.
Minimum required performance, lowest cost desktops.
IntelDX4™ Processor
Introduction date: March 7, 1994
Clock speeds: 75 MHz (53 MIPS, 41.3 SPECint92, 20.1 SPECfp92 on Micronics M4P 256K
L2)
100 MHz (70.7 MIPS, 54.59 SPECint92, 26.91 SPECfp92 on Micronics M4P 256K
L2)
Numbers of transistors: 1.6 million (0.6 micron)
Bus width: 32 bits
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 168 PGA Package, 208 SQFP Package
Die size: 345 square mm
Typical use: High performance entry-level desktops and value notebooks
Intel™ SL CPU
Introduction date: November 9, 1992
Clock speeds: 20 MHz (15.4 MIPS)
25 MHz (19 MIPS)
33 MHz (25 MIPS)
Addressable memory: 64 MBytes
Addressable virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Process size in microns: 0.8
Number of transistors: 1.4 million (0.8 micron)
Internal data path: 32 bits
External data path: 32 bits
Typical use: First CPU specifically designed for notebook PCs
Pentium® Processor (60 & 66 MHz)
Introduction date: March 22, 1993
Clock speeds: 60 MHz (100 MIPS, 70.4 SPECint92, 55.1 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256K L2)
66 MHz (112 MIPS, 77.9 SPECint92, 63.6 SPECfp92 on Xpress 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 3.1 million (.8 micron, BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: It is a 32-bit microprocessor.)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 273 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 2.16" (5.49 cm) x 2.16" (5.49 cm)
Typical use: Desktops
Pentium® Processor (75 MHz)
Introduction date: October 10, 1994
Clock speeds: 75 MHz (126.5 MIPS, 2.31 SPECint95, 2.02 SPECfp95 on Gateway P5 256K
L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (.6 micron, BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 320 Lead Tape Carrier Package (TCP)
296 Staggered Pin Grid Array (SPGA)
Package dimensions: PGA: 1.95" (5 cm) x 1.95" (5 cm)
TCP: 0.94" (2.4 cm) x 0.94" (2.4 cm)
Typical use: Desktops and notebooks.
Pentium® Processor (90 & 100 MHz)
Introduction date: March 7, 1994
Clock speeds: 90 MHz (149.8 MIPS, 2.74 SPECint95, 2.39 SPECfp95 on Gateway P5 256K
L2)
100 MHz (166.3 MIPS, 3.30 SPECint95, 2.59 SPECfp95 on Xxpress
1M L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (.6 micron, BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 296 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 1.95" (5cm) x 1.95" (5cm)
Typical use: Desktops
Pentium® Processor (120 MHz)
Introduction date: March 27, 1995
Clock speeds: 120 MHz (203 MIPS, 3.72 SPECint95, 2.81 SPECfp95 on Xxpress 1MB
L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (0.6 and .35 micron, BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 296 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 1.95" (5cm) x 1.95" (5cm)
Typical use: Desktops and notebooks
Pentium® Processor (133 MHz)
Introduction date: June 1995
Clock speeds: 133 MHz (218.9 MIPS, 4.14 SPECint95, 3.12 SPECfp95 on Xxpress 1MB L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (0.35 micron BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 296 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 1.95" (5cm) x 1.95" (5cm)
Typical use: High-performance desktops and servers
Pentium® Processor (150 MHz)
Introduction date: January 4, 1996
Clock speeds: 150 MHz (4.27 SPECint95, 3.04 SPECfp95 on Xxpress 1MB L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (0.35 micron BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 296 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 1.95" (5cm) x 1.95" (5cm)
Typical use: High-performance desktops and servers
Pentium® Processor (166 MHz)
Introduction date: January 4, 1996
Clock speeds: 166 MHz (4.76 SPECint95, 3.37 SPECfp95 on Xxpress 1MB L2)
Number of transistors: 3.2 million (0.35 micron BiCMOS)
Bus width: 64 bits (external data bus), 32 bits (address bus)
(Note: it is a 32-bit microprocessor)
Addressable memory: 4 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 296 (Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 1.95" (5cm) x 1.95" (5cm)
Typical use: High-performance desktops and servers
Pentium® Pro Processor (150 MHz)
Introduction date: November 1, 1995
Clock speeds: 150 MHz (6.08 SPECint95, 5.42 SPECfp95 on Alder 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 5.5 million (0.6 micron), 256K L2: 15.5 million (0.6 micron)
Bus width: 64 bits front side; 64 bits to L2 cache
Addressable memory: 64 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 387 (Dual Cavity Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 2.46 (6.25cm) x 2.66 (6.76cm)
Typical use: High-end desktops, workstations, and servers
Pentium® Pro Processor (166 MHz)
Introduction date: November 1, 1995
Clock speeds: 166 MHz (7.11 SPECint95, 6.21 SPECfp95 on Alder 512K L2)
Number of transistors: 5.5 million (0.35 micron), 512K L2: 31 million (0.35 micron)
Bus width: 64 bits front side; 64 bits to L2 cache
Addressable memory: 64 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 387 (Dual Cavity Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 2.46 (6.25cm) x 2.66 (6.76cm)
Typical use: High-end desktops, workstations, and servers
Pentium® Pro Processor (180 MHz)
Introduction date: November 1, 1995
Clock speeds: 180 MHz (7.29 SPECint95, 6.08 SPECfp95 on Alder 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 5.5 million (0.35 micron), 256K L2: 15.5 million (0.6 micron)
Bus width: 64 bits front side; 64 bits to L2 cache
Addressable memory: 64 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 387 (Dual Cavity Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 2.46 (6.25cm) x 2.66 (6.76cm)
Typical use: High-end desktops, workstations, and servers
Pentium® Pro Processor (200 MHz)
Introduction date: November 1, 1995
Clock speeds: 200 MHz (8.09 SPECint95, 6.75 SPECfp95 on Alder 256K L2)
Number of transistors: 5.5 million (0.35 micron), 256K L2: 15.5 million (0.6 micron),
512K L2: 31 million (0.35 micron)
Bus width: 64 bits front side; 64 bits to L2 cache
Addressable memory: 64 gigabytes
Virtual memory: 64 terabytes
Pin count: 387 (Dual Cavity Pin Grid Array Package)
Package dimensions: 2.46 (6.25cm) x 2.66 (6.76cm)
Typical use: High-end desktops, workstations, and servers