Lagrange

Joseph-Louis Lagrange


Born: 25 Jan 1736 in Turin, Sardinia-Piedmont (now Italy)
Died: 10 April 1813 in Paris, France

Previous (Chronologically) Next     Biographies Index

Previous ( Alphabetically) Next          Welcome page

Lagrange excelled in all fields of analysis and number theory and analytical and celestial mechanics.

Lagrange's interest in mathematics began at a very early age when he read a copy of a book by Halley.

Lagrange served as professor of geometry at the Royal Artillery School in Turin from 1755 to 1766 and helped to found the Royal Academy of Science there in 1757. In 1764 he was awarded his first prize of many when the Paris Academy awarded him a prize for his essay on the libration of the Moon.

When Euler left the Berlin Academy of Science, Lagrange succeeded him as director of mathematics 1766.

In 1787 he left Berlin to become a member of the Paris Academy of Science, where he remained for the rest of his career. Lagrange survived the French Revolution while others did not. Lagrange said on the death of the chemist Lavoisier

It took only a moment to cause this head to fall and a hundred years will not suffice to produce its like .

During the 1790s he worked on the metric system and advocated a decimal base. He also taught at the École Polytechnique, which he helped to found. Napoleon named him to the Legion of Honour and Count of the Empire in 1808.

He excelled in all fields of analysis and number theory and analytical and celestial mechanics. In 1788 he published Mécanique analytique , which summarised all the work done in the field of mechanics since the time of Newton and is notable for its use of the theory of differential equations. In it he transformed mechanics into a branch of mathematical analysis.

His early work on the theory of equations was to lead Galois to the idea of a group of permutations.

In 1797 he published the first theory of functions of a real variable although he failed to give enough attention to matters of convergence.

References elsewhere in this archive:

Tell me about Lagrange's part in the rise of calculus

Tell me about Lagrange's part in the development of group theory and matrices and determinants

Tell me about his work on mathematical games and recreations and on the fundamental theorem of algebra

Tell me about Lagrange's work on orbits and gravitation

Tell me about his part in the history of mathematics

References:

  1. Dictionary of Scientific Biography
  2. Biography in Encyclopaedia Britannica
  3. J B J Delambre, Notice sur la vie et les ouvages de M le Comte J L Lagrange, Mémoires de la class des sciences matématique de l'institut 1812 Paris, 1816).
  4. A Korn, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Mathematische Geschichte Sitzungsberichte 12 (1913), 90-94.
  5. O Stamfort, Lagrange, in H Wussing and W Arnold, Biographien bedeutender Mathematiker (Berlin, 1983).
  6. C Comte, Joseph-Louis Lagrange poete scientifique et citoyen europeen, La Recherche 208 (1989), 394-396.
  7. P Costabel, Lagrange et l'art analytique, Comptes rendus de l'Academie des sciences. Serie generale, La vie des sciences (1989), 167-177.
  8. A L Shields, Lagrange and the Mecanique analytique, Mathematical intelligencer 10 (1988), 7-10.

Previous (Chronologically) Next     Biographies Index

Previous ( Alphabetically) Next          Welcome page

History Topics Index              Famous curves index

Chronologies                           Birthplace Map

Mathematicians of the day  Anniversaries for the year

Search Form   Simple Search Form   Search Suggestions

JOC/EFR February 1996