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An outstanding intellectual figure, al'Biruni contributed to astronomy, mathematics (where he worked on shadows and chords of circles), physics (where he worked on springs and the specific weight of precious stones and metals), medicine and history.
Al'Biruni's most famous book was inspired by accompanying Mahmud, the Ghazna ruler, on his Indian campaigns. The book is a survey of Indian life, language, religion and culture.
Al'Biruni's contributions to science are of major importance. He believed that the Earth rotated on its axis and made accurate calculations of latitude and longitude. He studied hydrostatics and made very accurate measurements of specific weights. He is known to have corresponded with Avicenna.
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