%\iffalse
%/////////////////////////////////////////
%   Generic bibliography style           /
%   for both author-year and numerical   /
%   for natbib, harvard, astron styles   /
%   authordate, and apalike              /
%/////////////////////////////////////////
% This file is self-documenting: simply LaTeX it!
%% (Here are the specifications of the source file)
%\fi
%<*selfdoc>
\ifx\undefined\endoptions\def\next{%
   \NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}%
   \documentclass[a4paper,11pt,twoside]{article}%
   \usepackage{doc}%
   \raggedbottom
   \def\skipguard##1>{}\MakePercentIgnore\skipguard}\else\let\next\relax\fi
\next
%</selfdoc>
%% \ProvidesFile{genbst.mbs}[1994/10/11 1.5a (PWD)]
%\iffalse
%   For use with docstrip to select various style parameters
%   Default is an author-year bib style designed for my natbib.sty,
%     which can also handle numerical citations.
%%   For use with BibTeX version 0.99a or later
%<nfss>%%     and with LaTeX2e
%<!nfss>%%     and with LaTeX 2.09 or 2e
%%-------------------------------------------------------------------
%% NOTICE:
%% This file may be used for non-profit purposes.
%% It may not be distributed in exchange for money, 
%%   other than distribution costs.
%%   
%% The author provides it `as is' and does not guarantee it in any way.
%% 
%% Copyright (C) 1994 Patrick W. Daly
%% Max-Planck-Institut f\"ur Aeronomie
%% Postfach 20
%% D-37189 Katlenburg-Lindau
%% Germany
%% 
%% E-mail:
%% SPAN--     nsp::linmpi::daly    (note nsp also known as ecd1)
%% Internet-- daly@linmpi.dnet.gwdg.de   
%%-----------------------------------------------------------
%\fi
%% \CharacterTable
%%  {Upper-case    \A\B\C\D\E\F\G\H\I\J\K\L\M\N\O\P\Q\R\S\T\U\V\W\X\Y\Z
%%   Lower-case    \a\b\c\d\e\f\g\h\i\j\k\l\m\n\o\p\q\r\s\t\u\v\w\x\y\z
%%   Digits        \0\1\2\3\4\5\6\7\8\9
%%   Exclamation   \!     Double quote  \"     Hash (number) \#
%%   Dollar        \$     Percent       \%     Ampersand     \&
%%   Acute accent  \'     Left paren    \(     Right paren   \)
%%   Asterisk      \*     Plus          \+     Comma         \,
%%   Minus         \-     Point         \.     Solidus       \/
%%   Colon         \:     Semicolon     \;     Less than     \<
%%   Equals        \=     Greater than  \>     Question mark \?
%%   Commercial at \@     Left bracket  \[     Backslash     \\
%%   Right bracket \]     Circumflex    \^     Underscore    \_
%%   Grave accent  \`     Left brace    \{     Vertical bar  \|
%%   Right brace   \}     Tilde         \~}
%
% \CodelineNumbered
% \RecordChanges
% ^^A Comment out next line with %^^A  to print coding
% \OnlyDescription
% \setcounter{StandardModuleDepth}{1}
% \begin{document}
% 
% \setcounter{IndexColumns}{2}
% \setlength{\IndexMin}{10cm}
%
% \changes{1.0}{1993 Aug 16}{Initial version}
% \changes{1.2}{1994 Feb 7}{Add \texttt{thtit-a} to format thesis titles 
%         as articles, not books}
% \changes{1.3}{1994 Jul 1}{Change documentation to \LaTeXe}
% \changes{1.3a}{1994 Sep 1}{Alter wording of article title capitalization
%          choice}
%
% ^^A Change margins to center text
% \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{0.5\paperwidth}
% \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-0.5\textwidth}
% \addtolength{\oddsidemargin}{-1in}
% \setlength{\evensidemargin}{\oddsidemargin}
% 
% \pagestyle{myheadings}
% \markboth{P. W. Daly}{Generic Bibliography Style}
%
% \title{\bfseries A Generic Bibliographic Style File}
%    
% \author{Patrick W. Daly}
%         
% \GetFileInfo{genbst.mbs}
% \date{This paper describes file \texttt{\filename},\\
%  version \fileversion{} from \filedate}
% 
% \maketitle
%
% \MakeShortVerb{\|}
% 
% \parskip=1ex \parindent=0pt
%
% \newcommand{\btx}{\textsc{Bib}\TeX}
% \newcommand{\dtx}{\textsf{docstrip}}
% 
% \section{Introduction}
% This generic, or master, \btx{} style file is intended to be used with
% \dtx{} in order to produce actual \texttt{.bst} files. By selecting
% desired options, the output is customized to the particular requirements
% needed.
% 
% The file has been assembled from Oren Patashnik's standard files
% \texttt{plain.bst} and \texttt{unsrt.bst}, plus his non-standard file
% \texttt{apalike.bst}. This last is an author-year citation style, although
% somewhat imperfect. I have added a number of other options and codings to
% produce the features that I deem necessary.
% 
% \section{About Master Bibliographic Style Files}
% \subsection{The \dtx{} Options}
% This master file is a \btx{} bibliographic style file containing
% alternative coding depending on \dtx{} options. The options are
% selected when \dtx{} is run, either interactively or through a
% batch job. 
% 
% Suppose that one of the options is called \texttt{xyz}. Then the following
% alternatives are possible:
% \begin{quote}
% |%<xyz> | \em one line of coding
% \end{quote}
% \emph{includes} the single line of coding;
% \begin{quote}
% |%<!xyz> | \em one line of coding 
% \end{quote}
% \emph{excludes} the single line;
% \begin{quote}
% |%<*xyz> | \\
% \emph{several lines of coding}\\
% |%</xyz> | 
% \end{quote}
% \emph{includes} all the bracketted lines;
% \begin{quote}
% |%<*!xyz> | \\
% \emph{several lines of coding}\\
% |%</!xyz> | 
% \end{quote}
% \emph{excludes} all the bracketted lines.
% 
% Options may be logically combined: the symbol \verb!|! is a logical
% \textsf{or}, |&| a logical \textsf{and}, |!| a logical \textsf{not};
% parentheses \texttt{(} and \texttt{)} may be used to group options.
% 
% \subsection{The \dtx{} Batch Job}
% In order to generate a true \btx{} style file with selected options from
% this master file, it is necessary to run a \dtx{} batch job.
% Suppose that the master file is named \texttt{master.mbs}, and the
% resulting \btx{} style file is to be \texttt{silly.bst}, and the batch job
% file itself is called \texttt{silly.dbj}. To produce this with options, say,
% \texttt{xyz} and \texttt{abc}, the batch job would look something like:
% \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
% \def\batchfile{silly.dbj}
% \input docstrip
% 
% \preamble
% This is for Journal of Silly Results
% \endpreamble
% 
% \postamble
% End of customized bst file
% \endpostamble
% 
% \keepsilent
% 
% \generateFile{silly.bst}{f}{\from{master.mbs}{xyz,abc}}
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{quote}
% A preamble is not necessary, although it is advisable to include some
% statement about the application of the bibliographic style. A postamble
% \emph{is} vital, otherwise the default will add |\endinput| at the end
% of the file, something that \btx{} will not understand. The |\keepsilent|
% is optional and just suppresses \dtx{} output during processing.
% 
% \subsection{The \texttt{makebst} Program}
% The program \texttt{makebst} simplifies the creation of the batch job file. To
% do that, it needs information on the available options. This information
% must be stored in a special format, either in the master file itself, or
% in a file with the same root name but extension \texttt{.opt}. The form of
% this format is described in the documentation on \texttt{makebst}.
% 
% In the master file, this information must be enclosed within \dtx{}
% options |%<*options>| \dots |%</options>| and \emph{must} include an
% |\endoptions| command. It may also include any number of comments. 
% 
% A sample menu in the master file to select one or none of options 
% \texttt{xyz} \emph{or} \texttt{zyx} would look thus:
% \begin{quote}\begin{verbatim}
% %<*options>
% \mes{Select one of these}
% \optdef{f}{xyz}{Option forword}{to do forward stuff}
% \optdef{r}{zyx}{Option reverse}{to do reverse stuff}
% \optdef{*}{}{None of the above}{}
% \getans
% \endoptions
% %</options>
% %<*!options>
% . . . . . . 
% %</!options>
% \end{verbatim}
% \end{quote}
% An explanation of these commands is to be found in the documentation on 
% \texttt{makebst}.
% 
% The menu information may be extracted from the master file by means of
% \dtx{} and stored in a file with extension \texttt{.opt}. If this
% file is missing, the program tries to read it from the master file.
% 
% \section{The Options}
% Here I present a list of all the \dtx{} options that are
% available (except for \texttt{options} itself). I have tried to avoid
% conflicts with mutually exclusive options by always letting one dominate.
% For example, if \texttt{a} and \texttt{b} are to be mutually exclusive, then
% the three possibilities are:
% \begin{quote}\begin{tabular}{rl}
% neither &  \tt\%<!a\&!b> \\
% \texttt{a} only & \tt\%<a> \\
% \texttt{b} only & \tt\%<!a\&b>
% \end{tabular}\end{quote}
% so that if both \texttt{a} and \texttt{b} have been selected, the result is as
% if only \texttt{a} had been given. (If one uses \texttt{makebst} to produce
% the \dtx{} batch job, then it is impossible to give mutually exclusive
% options.)
% 
% Most mutually exclusive options have the same prefix before the hyphen.
% 
% \newenvironment{opt}{%
% \begin{list}{}{\labelwidth2cm \leftmargin2.5cm \labelsep1em \rightmargin0pt
%  \def\makelabel##1{\ttfamily ##1 \hfill}}}{\end{list}}
% \textbf{Citation style:} whether or not a numerical or author-year system 
% is to be used.
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--] default is numerical, standard \LaTeX, as for {\tt
%           plain.bst}.\\
%           |\bibitem{key}...|
% \item[cite] special for listing entire databases; the cite key is used 
%             as the label so it may be listed.\\
%             |\bibitem[key]{key}...|
% \item[ay] for author-year style of citations. Various forms of |\bibitem|
%           are provided under this option, to support different types
%           of \LaTeX{} styles for interfacing with the author-year system.
% \end{opt}
% 
% If \texttt{ay} has been selected, then the type of author-year interface
% is selectable. Some of these, like \texttt{natbib} and \texttt{harvard}
% exist in two versions because of updates in these systems. 
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--] default is the system I invented for my \texttt{natbib.sty}\\
%            |\bibitem[author(year)]{key}...|   
% \item[nat] for extended format of \texttt{natbib.sty} version 5.3\\
%            |\bibitem[author(year)full author]{key}...|   
% \item[alk] for the \texttt{apalike.sty} of Oren Patashnik and related
%            systems\\
%            |\bibitem[author, year]{key}...|
% \item[har] for the Harvard family of styles (with \texttt{harvard.sty})\\
%            |\harvarditem[short]{long}{year}{key}...|
% \item[harnm] for the extended Harvard family, containing some extra commands
%            used by \LaTeXe\ version 2.0.3 of \texttt{harvard.sty} 
% \item[ast] for astronomy family of styles (with \texttt{astron.sty})\\
%            |\bibitem[\protect\astroncite{author}{year}]{key}...|
% \item[cay] for the Chicago family of styles (with \texttt{chicago.sty})\\
%            |\bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{long}{short}{year}]{key}...|
% \item[cn] for the ``author-date'' group of styles (with {\tt
%            authordate1-4.sty})\\
%            |\bibitem[\protect\citename{author, }year]{key}...|
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Sequence:} the order in which the references are listed.
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]      default is alphabetical by all authors, date, title
% \item[seq-no]  (numerical only) sequence by citation order
% \item[seq-lab] (author-year) by label, date, title (means that Daly 
%                precedes Daly and Williams, precedes Daly et al.)
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Names formatting:} how initials and surnames are to be combined.
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is full names, given names first
% \item[nm-init]  initials plus surname
% \item[nm-rev]   surname plus initials
% \item[nm-rev1]  surname plus initials (1st name only) then initials 
%                 plus surname
% \item[nm-rv]    as \texttt{nm-rev}, but initials without dots
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Number of names:} normally all names listed (in reference list)
% \begin{opt}
% \item[nmlm]     limit number of names
% \item[x1...x9]  (with \texttt{nmlm}) maximum number of names to appear
% \item[m1...m5]  (with \texttt{nmlm}) minimum number before `et al' written;
%                 no check for consistency is taken; one \texttt{x} and 
%                 one \texttt{m} number must be given, and {\tt x}$\le${\tt m}
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Names font:} in the reference list
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is names in normal type face
% \item[nmft-sc]  names in small caps
% \item[nmft-it]  names in italics   
% \item[nmft-bf]  names in bold      
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Block punctuation:} between logical sections (not mutually
% exclusive)
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is period after each logical section, including end
% \item[blk-com]  use commas, except at very end (changes `In' to `in')
% \item[blk-tit]  use commas, except after a title and very end
% \item[in-col]   puts a colon after `In' or `in' for edited works
% \item[fin-bare] no punctuation at the very end
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Date:} position and enclosure
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is date at end, before notes; for author-year,
%                   date consists only of year, no month
% \item[dt-beg]   date goes after authors' names (author-year only)
% \item[dt-end]   date goes after any notes
% \item[yr-par]   no month, year in parentheses ()
% \item[yr-brk]   no month, year in brackets []
% \item[yr-col]   no month, year preceded by colon and space
% \item[yr-per]   no month, year preceded by period and space
% \item[note-yr]  permits text (like ``in press'') in the \texttt{year} field
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Article in journal:} style of title, volume, pages
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is: Title. \textit{Journal}, vol(num):p1--p2
% \item[volp-sp]  as above, but with a space, vol(num):~p1--p2
% \item[vol-bf]   volume in bold
% \item[vol-it]   volume in italics
% \item[vol-2bf]  volume and number bold
% \item[volp-com] comma and space instead of colon:   vol(num), p1--p2
% \item[jpg-1]    only starting page given
% \item[jnm-x]    no punctuation after journal name
% \item[tit-it]   article title in italics
% \item[tit-q]    article title in single quotes
% \item[tit-qq]   article title in double quotes
% \item[jtit-x]   no article title (applies only to journals and 
%                 collections)
% \item[atit-u]   article title capitalized as in entry, default is
%                 sentence capitalization (first word and words following
%                 colons)
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Thesis title:} formatted like a book or article
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is like a book title
% \item[thtit-a]  titles of PhD and Master theses formatted like articles
% \end{opt}
%
% \textbf{Book title:} font style
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is italicized
% \item[btit-rm]  book title plain
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Abbreviations:} of various words, default is no abbreviations
% \begin{opt}
% \item[pp]       abbreviate `page(s)' as `p.' and `pp.'
% \item[ed]       abbreviate `editor(s)' as `ed.' and `eds.'
% \item[abr]      abbreviate `volume', `edition', `technical report', etc.
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Editor:} alternative for \emph{in edited} work
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       in \emph{names}, editors, \emph{title}
% \item[edby]     in \emph{title}, edited by \emph{names}
% \end{opt}
%
% \textbf{Citation label:} what is written by the |\cite| command
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is no special font
% \item[lab-it]   label (names printed by |\cite|) in italics
% \item[xlab-it]  extra label (letter after year) in italics
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Emphasis:} defines what `italicized' really means
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]       default is |\em| (can switch between |\it| 
%                 and |\rm|
% \item[em-it]    use |\it| instead (always italic)
% \item[em-x]     no emphasis
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Special punctuation:} 
% \begin{opt}
% \item[amper]    use \& in place of `and'
% \item[and-xcom] no comma before last `and' of an author list (citations and
%                  references)
% \item[and-com]  add comma before `and' even for two authors (in list of
%                  references)
% \item[xand]    no `and' in an author list (references)
% \item[etal-it]  `et al.' in italics
% \end{opt}
% 
% \textbf{Font commands:}
% \begin{opt}
% \item[--]     use \LaTeX~2.09 font commands
% \item[nfss]   use |\textbf|, |\textit|, |\emph| in place of |\bf|, |\it|,
%                and |\em|; only works then with \LaTeXe
% \end{opt}
%
% \section{The Menu Information}
% Here I describe the options and menu information for this particular
% master file \texttt{\filename}. To construct a \dtx{} driver file
% to generate a desired \texttt{.bst} file, simply process \texttt{makebst.tex}
% with \TeX\ or \LaTeX, and give 
% \begin{quote}\tt\filename\end{quote}
% when prompted for the name of the master file. Then answer the questions
% in the menus that follow. The menu information is extracted from here.
% 
% All this menu information is nested between \dtx{} guard options
% |%<*options>| \dots\ |%</options>|, and the last command is
% |\endoptions|. The rest of the file is nested between |%<*!options>|
% \dots\ |%</!options>| in order to exclude it if \dtx{} is used to
% extract only the menu information.
% 
% \subsection*{Author-year or numerical}
% The first question is whether a numerical or author-year citation style
% is to be used. If the latter, the supporting system is my {\tt
% natbib.sty}, which expects |\bibitem| to have an optional argument
% containing the short form of the authors, plus year in parentheses.
% E.g.,
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[Daly et al.(1990)]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% There is now a newer version of \texttt{natbib.sty} (v5.3) that
% supports an optional full author list too, as
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[Daly et al.(1990)Daly, Keppler, and Williams]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% Other systems are also supported, such as the Harvard family of
% bibliography styles (with \texttt{harvard.sty}), which have entries in the
% form
% \begin{quote}
% |\harvarditem[Daly et al.]{Daly, Keppler,|\\
% |       and Williams}{1990}{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% or the astronomy family (with \texttt{astron.sty}) with entries like
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[\protect\astroncite{Daly et al.}{1990}]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% or the Chicago family (with \texttt{chicago.sty}) with entries like
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[\protect\citeautheryear{Daly, Keppler, and|\\
% |      Williams}{Daly et al.}{1990}]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% or the so-called ``author-date'' group (with \texttt{authordate1-4.sty})
% with entries of the form
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[\protect\citename{Daly et al.}1990]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% Finally, there is the \texttt{apalike} format of Oren Patashnik, for use
% with \texttt{apalike.sty} that has entries of the form
% \begin{quote}
% |\bibitem[Daly et al., 1990]{key}...|
% \end{quote}
% 
% In addition to numerical or author-year citation styles, there is also a
% \texttt{cite} style available in which the label is the same as the cite
% key. This is for listing entire contents of databases with the cite key
% visible. 
% 
% A flag |\ifnumerical| is established because some of the following menu
% features depend on which system is to be used.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*options>
\newif\ifnumerical \numericalfalse
\mes{^^JSTYLE OF CITATIONS:}
\optdef{*}{}{Numerical}{as in standard LaTeX}
\optdef{a}{ay}{Author-year}{with some non-standard interface}
\optdef{c}{cite}{Cite key}{(special for listing contents of bib file)}
\getans
\numericaltrue
\if\ans a\numericalfalse\fi

\ifnumerical\else
\mes{^^JAUTHOR-YEAR SUPPORT SYSTEM:}
\optdef{*}{nat}{Natbib}{for use with natbib.sty v5.3}
\optdef{n}{}{Older Natbib}{without full authors citations}
\optdef{l}{alk}{Apalike}{for use with apalike.sty}
\optdef{h}{har}{Harvard}{system with harvard.sty}
\optdef{a}{ast}{Astronomy}{system with astron.sty}
\optdef{c}{cay}{Chicago}{system with chicago.sty}
\optdef{d}{cn}{Author-date}{system with authordate1-4.sty}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
% The \texttt{harvard} family has been extended for \LaTeXe, and the new
% \texttt{.bst} files allow the word `and' and the brackets around years
% to be variable with commands. A URL entry is added, for the on-line
% network reference. These features may be added too.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\if\ans h%
\mes{^^JHARVARD EXTENSIONS INCLUDED:}
\optdef{*}{harnm}{With Harvard extensions}{for LaTeX2e version of harvard.sty}
\optdef{n}{}{Older Harvard}{style, for LaTeX 2.09}
\getans\fi
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \subsection*{Ordering of the listed references}
%   Choices here depend on citation style. The default in both cases is
% alphabetical order of all authors. For numerical style, one may also
% choose an unsorted order, which means the order the same as the original
% citations. This corresponds to \texttt{unsrt.bst}.
% 
% For author-year, the second choice is by label. (The label is the
% optional |\bibitem| argument, and is what is printed in place of the
% |\cite| command.) With this option, all the papers with the same first
% author are ordered so that the one-author papers come first, followed by
% the two-author papers, followed by the multiple-author papers. This is a
% more sensible system for author-year citations, and is demanded by some
% journals (like JGR).
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifnumerical
\mes{^^JORDERING OF REFERENCES:}
\optdef{*}{}{Alphabetical}{by all authors}
\optdef{c}{seq-no}{Citation order}{(unsorted, like unsrt.bst)}
\getans
\else
\mes{^^JORDERING OF REFERENCES:}
\optdef{*}{}{Alphabetical}{by all authors}
\optdef{l}{seq-lab}{By label}%
   {(Jones before Jones and James before Jones et al)}
\getans
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Formatting author names}
% The default is that the full names of the authors are listed, given names
% first, unabbreviated. Of course, if only the initials have been given in
% the \texttt{.bib} file, then that is all that can appear in the list. Other
% possibilities are to use initials (even if full names in the \texttt{.bib}
% file) either before or after the surnames. A specialty of the journals of
% the American Geophysical Union is to have only the first name with
% reversed initials.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JAUTHOR NAMES:}
\optdef{*}{}{Full, surname last}{(John Frederick Smith)}
\optdef{i}{nm-init}{Initials + surname}{(J. J. Smith)}
\optdef{r}{nm-rev}{Surname + initials}{(Smith, J. J.)}
\optdef{s}{nm-rv}{Surname + dotless initials}{(Smith JJ)}
\optdef{a}{nm-rev1}{Only first name reversed}%
   {(AGU style: Smith, J. J., H. K. Jones)}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Number of authors}
% Normally the complete list of authors as given in the \texttt{.bib} file are
% presented in the reference list. However, some journals prefer to limit
% them to a maximum. If there are more than this maximum number of author
% names, then a minimum number plus `et al.' are listed.
% 
% Because no test for consistency of the numbers is carried out in the
% \texttt{.bst} file itself (it might be possible, but I found it too complex),
% this is done here.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JNUMBER OF AUTHORS:}
\optdef{*}{}{All authors}{included in listing}
\optdef{l}{nmlm}{Limited authors}{(et al replaces missing names)}
\getans
\if\ans l
\loop
  \ask{\num}{Maximum number of authors (1-9)}
  \ifnum\num>9
  \mes{*** Must be between 1 and 9}
\repeat
\wr{\spsp\spsp\sep x\num\pc: Maximum of \num\space authors}
\mes{\spsp You have selected maximum \num\space authors}
\ifnum\num>5\def\numx{5}\else\edef\numx{\num}\fi
\loop
  \ask{\num}{Minimum number (before et al given) (1-\numx)}
  \ifnum\num>\numx
  \mes{*** Must be between 1 and \numx}
\repeat
\wr{\spsp\spsp\sep m\num\pc: Minimum of \num\space authors}
\mes{\spsp You have selected minimum \num\space authors}
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \subsection*{Type face of names}
% The author names in the list of references normally appear in the current
% type face. This may be changed to small caps, bold, or italics.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JTYPEFACE FOR AUTHORS:}
\optdef{*}{}{Normal font for authors}{}
\optdef{s}{nmft-sc}{Small caps authors}{(\string\sc)}
\optdef{i}{nmft-it}{Italic authors}{(\string\it\space or \string\em)}
\optdef{b}{nmft-bf}{Bold authors}{(\string\bf)}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Position of date}
% This applies to author-year style only. It makes sense to put the date
% immediately after the author list, since the two items (author and year)
% are the identifiers of the reference. Default position is at the
% end of the references, before any notes. It is also possible to place
% it even after the notes.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifnumerical\else
\mes{^^JDATE POSITION:}
\optdef{*}{}{Date at end}{}
\optdef{b}{dt-beg}{Date after authors}{}
\optdef{e}{dt-end}{Date at very end}{after any notes}
\getans
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Format of date}
% The year may be enclosed in parentheses, brackets, or preceded by a
% colon. If none of these are selected, the date (month plus year) appears. 
% For author-year, the date always consists only of the year, no month.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JDATE FORMAT:}
\ifnumerical
\optdef{*}{}{Month and year}{without any brackets}
\else
\optdef{*}{}{Year plain}{without any brackets}
\fi
\optdef{p}{yr-par}{Year in parentheses}{no month, as (1993)}
\optdef{b}{yr-brk}{Year in brackets}{no month, as [1993]}
\optdef{c}{yr-col}{Year preceded by colon}{no month, as : 1993}
\optdef{d}{yr-per}{Year preceded by period}{no month, as . 1993}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% Normally in author-year citations, the \texttt{year} entry is truncated
% to the last 4 characters, which should be the 4 digits of the year. Some
% users have requested the possibility of suppressing this truncation so
% that they may put text in the \texttt{year} field, such as ``in press.''
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifnumerical\else
\mes{^^JTRUNCATE YEAR:}
\optdef{*}{}{Year truncated}{to last 4 digits}
\optdef{t}{note-yr}{Year text full}{to allow text in place of digits}
\getans
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Article title in journal}
% The title of an article in a journal or in a collection (a book, or
% conference proceedings) may appear plain, in italics, within single
% or double quotes. 
% 
% Furthermore, it may have sentence capitalization (first
% word and word following colon) or be capitalized as in the \texttt{.bib} file
% entry. That is why it is recommended to capitalize the entry text as it
% should appear when fully capitalized, putting words that are always
% capitalized in braces. Example:
% \begin{quote}
% |TITLE="The Results of the {Giotto} Mission"|
% \end{quote}
% which produces either ``The results of the Giotto mission'' or ``The
% Results of the Giotto Mission'', depending on option.
% 
% Additionally, the article titles may be fully suppressed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JTITLE OF ARTICLE:}
\optdef{*}{}{Title plain}{with no special font}
\optdef{i}{tit-it}{Title italic}{(\string\em)}
\optdef{q}{tit-q}{Title in single quotes}{(`Title')}
\optdef{d}{tit-qq}{Title in double quotes}{(``Title'')}
\getans

\mes{^^JCAPITALIZATION OF ARTICLE TITLE:}
\optdef{*}{}{Sentence style}{(first word and those in braces)}
\optdef{t}{atit-u}{Title style}{(just as in bib entry)}
\getans

\mes{^^JARTICLE TITLE PRESENT:}
\optdef{*}{}{Article title present}{in journals and proceedings}
\optdef{x}{jtit-x}{No article title}{}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Title of Theses}
% The title of a these (PhD or Master's) is normally treated the same
% as that of a book. Optionally, it may be formatted like that of 
% an article.
%
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JTHESIS TITLE:}
\optdef{*}{}{Thesis titles like books}{}
\optdef{a}{thtit-a}{Thesis title like article}{}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Journal reference}
% Great diversity of opinion exists as to how a journal reference is to be
% formatted. It consists of a volume, possibly a number, and page limits.
% The number is really only necessary if the page numbers within one volume
% start at 1 for each physical `number'. Since journals are often bound
% together in one volume later, it makes more sense to number the pages
% continuously through the whole volume. However, this is not always so,
% and then the `number' is necessary for the full specification.
% 
% A number of styles for journal specifications are
% \begin{quote}
% 21(2):33--55\\
% \textbf{21}(2):33--55\\
% \textit{21}(2), 33--55
% \end{quote}
% 
% Here both start and stop page numbers have been given; often only the
% start page is wanted.
% 
% Finally, it is possible to decide whether the journal name should be
% separated from the following specifications with a blank or comma.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JJOURNAL VOLUME NUMBER:}
\optdef{*}{}{Volume plain}{as vol(num)}
\optdef{i}{vol-it}{Volume italic}{as {\string\em\space vol}(num)}
\optdef{b}{vol-bf}{Volume bold}{as {\string\bf\space vol}(num)}
\optdef{d}{vol-2bf}{Volume and number bold}{as {\string\bf\space vol(num)}}
\getans

\mes{^^JVOLUME PUNCTUATION:}
\optdef{*}{}{Volume with colon}{as vol(num):ppp}
\optdef{s}{volp-sp}{Volume with colon and space}{as vol(num): ppp}
\optdef{c}{volp-com}{Volume with comma}{as vol(num),}
\getans

\mes{^^JPAGE NUMBERS:}
\optdef{*}{}{Start and stop page numbers}{given}
\optdef{f}{jpg-1}{Only start page number}{}
\getans

\mes{^^JJOURNAL NAME PUNCTUATION:}
\optdef{*}{}{Comma after journal}{name}
\optdef{x}{jnm-x}{Space after journal}{name}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Book title}
% The title of a book (as opposed to an article in a book or journal) is
% normally italicized. This may be set to the regular font.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JBOOK TITLE:}
\optdef{*}{}{Book title italic}{(\string\em)}
\optdef{p}{btit-rm}{Book title plain}{(no font command)}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Edited by}
% For an article within an edited collection, the normal form is 
% \begin{quote}
% In J. K. James, editor, \emph{Title of Collection} \dots
% \end{quote}
% An alternative is the form
% \begin{quote}
% In \emph{Title of Collection}, edited by J. K. James \dots
% \end{quote}
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JEDITOR STYLE:}
\optdef{*}{}{Word editor}{after name of editor}
\optdef{b}{edby}{Edited by}{before name of editor}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Block punctuation}
% Blocks are logical sections of the reference specification, such as the
% author block, the journal block, editor block, etc. These are normally
% separated by periods, but alternatively a comma may be used. Another
% choice is to use commas except after titles where a period is given.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JPUNCTUATION BETWEEN SECTIONS (BLOCKS):}
\optdef{*}{}{Period after blocks}{of authors, title, etc}
\optdef{c}{blk-com}{Comma after blocks}{}
\optdef{t}{blk-tit}{Only titles with period}{but other blocks commas}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{`In' with colon}
% When referring to works in a collection, one begins the block describing
% that collection with `In'. Optionally, one may add a colon.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JPUNCTUATION AFTER `IN':}
\optdef{*}{}{Space after `in'}{for editted works or proceedings}
\optdef{c}{in-col}{Colon after `in'}{(as `In: ...')}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
% 
% \subsection*{Final punctuation}
% The punctuation at the end of the reference is normally a period. This
% may be suppressed.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JFINAL PUNCTUATION:}
\optdef{*}{}{Period at very end}{of the listed reference}
\optdef{x}{fin-bare}{No period at end}{}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Abbreviations}
% A number of words may be abbreviated: pages, editors, volume, chapter,
% and so on. The first two may be independently set to abbreviation, the
% rest with a single option.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JABBREVIATE WORD `PAGES':}
\optdef{*}{}{`Page(s)'}{(no abbreviation)}
\optdef{a}{pp}{`Page' abbreviated}{as p. or pp.}
\getans

\mes{^^JABBREVIATE WORD `EDITORS':}
\optdef{*}{}{`Editor(s)'}{(no abbreviation)}
\optdef{a}{ed}{`Editor' abbreviated}{as ed. or eds.}
\getans

\mes{^^JOTHER ABBREVIATIONS:}
\optdef{*}{}{No abbreviations}{of volume, edition, chapter, etc}
\optdef{a}{abr}{Abbreviations}{of such words}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection*{Citation label}
% This applies to author-year style only. The label is the text written
% by the |\cite| command, and for author-year style, this is something like
% `Daly et al.\ (1990b)'. One may select italics for the authors and for the
% extra label attached to the year. The year always remains plain.
% 
% It is not possible to select the type of brackets for the year, since
% this is determined by the \LaTeX{} style option that manages the
% author-year citations. This is not standard \LaTeX, so that there are a
% number of private style files for achieving this.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\ifnumerical\else
\mes{^^JFONT OF CITATION LABEL:}
\optdef{*}{}{Cited authors plain}{as result of \string\cite\space command}
\optdef{i}{lab-it}{Cited authors italic}{}
\getans

\mes{^^JFONT OF EXTRA LABEL:^^J(The extra letter on the year)}
\optdef{*}{}{Extra label plain}{}
\optdef{i}{xlab-it}{Extra label italic}{}
\getans
\fi

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Variations on `and'}
% It is possible to replace the word `and' with an ampersand \&, and to
% specify whether a comma is to precede `and' in a list of more than two
% names.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JAMPERSAND:}
\optdef{*}{}{Use word `and'}{in author lists}
\optdef{a}{amper}{Use ampersand}{in place of `and'}
\getans

\mes{^^JCOMMA BEFORE `AND':}
\optdef{*}{}{Comma before `and'}{as `Tom, Dick, and Harry'}
\optdef{n}{and-xcom}{No comma before `and'}{as `Tom, Dick and Harry'}
\optdef{c}{and-com}{Comma with 2 authors}{as `Tom, and Harry'}
\getans

\mes{^^JNO `AND' IN REFERENCE LIST:}
\optdef{*}{}{With `and'}{before last author in reference list}
\optdef{x}{xand}{No `and'}{as `Tom, Dick, Harry'}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Font of `et al'}
% One can chose that `et al.'\ be put into italics.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JFONT OF `ET AL':}
\optdef{*}{}{Plain et al}{}
\optdef{i}{etal-it}{Italic et al}{}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \subsection*{Define emphasis}
% In everything that been mentioned so far, italicization should be
% understood to mean `emphasize' in the \LaTeX{} sense. This means that the
% command |\em| is used. This is not the same as |\it|, which is always
% italics. Rather, with |\em|, the font style switches between |\rm| and
% |\it| depending on the context. Here one may choose to true italics, or
% to switch off italics altogether.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JEMPHASIS:^^J(affects all so-called italics)}
\optdef{*}{}{Use emphasis}{ie, \string\em, allows font switching}
\optdef{i}{em-it}{Use true italics}{ie, \string\it, absolute italics}
\optdef{x}{em-x}{No italics}{at all}
\getans

%    \end{macrocode}
% \subsection*{New Font Selection Scheme}
% Bold face, italics, and emphasis are made with the \LaTeX~2.09 commands.
% This makes them compatible with \LaTeXe{} as well, but it is possible that
% in future they might die out. Also, they might not be provided with
% future classes. Allow an option to use the New Font Selection Scheme (NFSS)
% font commands in \LaTeXe. If this option is taken, then the \texttt{.bst}
% file may only be used with \LaTeXe.
%    \begin{macrocode}
\mes{^^JNEW FONT SELECTION SCHEME:}
\optdef{*}{}{No NFSS}{use 2.09 font commands}
\optdef{n}{nfss}{NFSS}{use \string\textbf, \string\emph, not \string\bf,
                       \string\em}
\getans
\endoptions
%</options>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \StopEventually{\relax
%    \DeleteShortVerb{\|}
%    \end{document}}
% 
% \section{The Bibliographic Coding}
% 
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*!options>
%%---------------------------------------------------------------------
%<*ay>
 % This is an author-year citation style bibliography. As such, it is 
 % non-standard LaTeX, and requires a special package file to function properly.
 % Such a package is    natbib.sty   by Patrick W. Daly
%<*alk>
 % or:                  apalike.sty  by Oren Patashnik
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al., 1990]{key}...
%</alk>
%<*!(har|ast|alk|cay|cn)>
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)]{key}...
%<nat> %   \bibitem[Jones et al.(1990)Jones, Baker, and Smith]{key}...
 % The essential feature is that the label (the part in brackets) consists
 % of the author names, as they should appear in the citation, with the year
 % in parentheses following. There must be no space before the opening
 % parenthesis!
%<nat> % With natbib v5.3, a full list of authors may also follow the year.
 % In natbib.sty, it is possible to define the type of enclosures that is
 % really wanted (brackets or parentheses), but in either case, there must
 % be parentheses in the label.
 % The \cite command functions as follows:
 %   \cite{key} ==>>                Jones et al. (1990)
 %   \cite[]{key} ==>>              (Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>>       (Jones et al., 1990, chap. 2)
 %   \cite[e.g.][]{key} ==>>        (e.g. Jones et al., 1990)
 %   \cite[e.g.][p. 32]{key} ==>>   (e.g. Jones et al., p. 32)
 %   \citeauthor{key}               Jones et al.
%<nat> %   \citefullauthor{key}           Jones, Baker, and Smith
 %   \citeyear{key}                 1990
%</!(har|ast|alk|cay|cn)>
%<*har>
 % or:                  harvard.sty  by Peter Williams and Thorsten Schnier
%<harnm> % (needs natbib v5.3  or  harvard v2.0.3)
 % The form of the bibitem entries is
 %   \harvarditem[Jones et al.]{Jones, Baker, and Smith}{1990}{key}...
%</har>
%<*cay>
 % or:                  chicago.sty 
 % The form of the bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[\protect\citeauthoryear{Jones, Baker, and Smith}
 %        {Jones et al.}{1990}{key}...
%</cay>
%<*ast>
 % or:                  astron.sty 
 % The form of the bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[\protect\astroncite{Jones et al.}{1990}]{key}...
%</ast>
%<*cn>
 % or:                  authordate1-4.sty
 % The form of the bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[\protect\citename{Jones et al.}1990]{key}...
%</cn>
%</ay>
%<*!ay>
 % This is a numerical citation style, and as such is standard LaTeX.
 % It requires no extra package to interface to the main text.
 % The form of the \bibitem entries is 
 %   \bibitem{key}...
 % Usage of \cite is as follows:
 %   \cite{key} ==>>          [#]
 %   \cite[chap. 2]{key} ==>> [#, chap. 2]
 % where # is a number determined by the ordering in the reference list.
%<*seq-no> 
 % This is the order in which the works were originally cited in the text.
%</seq-no> 
%<*!seq-no> 
 % This is alphabetical by authors.
%</!seq-no> 
%</!ay>
%<*!ay&cite>
 % This is a special pseudo-numerical bibliography style. The form of 
 % the \bibitem entries is
 %   \bibitem[key]{key}...
 % It is intended to be used to list all the entries in a bib database
%</!ay&cite>
%%---------------------------------------------------------------------

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 16}{Add URL entry type for \texttt{harnm} option}
%  The new \texttt{harvard.sty} of \LaTeXe{} includes an entry URL, or
%  rather it is included in the new \texttt{.bst} files for it. Add it 
%  here too, but only for option \texttt{harnm}.
%    \begin{macrocode}
ENTRY
  { address
    author
    booktitle
    chapter
    edition
    editor
    howpublished
    institution
    journal
    key
    month
    note
    number
    organization
    pages
    publisher
    school
    series
    title
    type
%<harnm>    URL
    volume
    year
  }
  {}
%<!ay>  { label }
%<ay>  { label extra.label sort.label }

INTEGERS { output.state before.all mid.sentence after.sentence after.block }

FUNCTION {init.state.consts}
{ #0 'before.all :=
  #1 'mid.sentence :=
  #2 'after.sentence :=
  #3 'after.block :=
}

STRINGS { s t }

FUNCTION {output.nonnull}
{ 's :=
  output.state mid.sentence =
    { ", " * write$ }
    { output.state after.block =
        { add.period$ write$
          newline$
          "\newblock " write$
        }
        { output.state before.all =
            'write$
            { add.period$ " " * write$ }
          if$
        }
      if$
      mid.sentence 'output.state :=
    }
  if$
  s
}

FUNCTION {output}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    'pop$
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {output.check}
{ 't :=
  duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "empty " t * " in " * cite$ * warning$ }
    'output.nonnull
  if$
}

FUNCTION {fin.entry}
%<*!fin-bare>
{ add.period$
  write$
%</!fin-bare>
%<*fin-bare>
{ duplicate$ empty$   
    'pop$
    'write$
  if$
%</fin-bare>
  newline$
}

FUNCTION {new.block}
{ output.state before.all =
    'skip$
    { after.block 'output.state := }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence}
{ output.state after.block =
    'skip$
    { output.state before.all =
        'skip$
        { after.sentence 'output.state := }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {not}
{   { #0 }
    { #1 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {and}
{   'skip$
    { pop$ #0 }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {or}
{   { pop$ #1 }
    'skip$
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.4a}{1994 Sep 8}{Add \texttt{non.stop} to test if last character
%   is punctuation: . ! ?}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {non.stop}
{ duplicate$ 
   "}" * add.period$ 
   #-1 #1 substring$ "." =
} 

%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {new.block.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {new.block.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.block
  if$
}

%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {new.sentence.checka}
{ empty$
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

FUNCTION {new.sentence.checkb}
{ empty$
  swap$ empty$
  and
    'skip$
    'new.sentence
  if$
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {field.or.null}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
    'skip$
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.3}{1994 Jul 1}{Add \texttt{nfss} option}
% \changes{1.4a}{1994 Sep 8}{Add italic correction to \texttt{emphasize}
%   using new \texttt{non.stop} test}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {emphasize}
%<*!em-x>
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
%<*!nfss>
%<!em-it>    { "{\em " swap$ * non.stop
%<em-it>    { "{\it " swap$ * non.stop
        { "\/}" * } 
        { "}" * }
      if$
    }
%</!nfss>
%<*nfss>
%<!em-it>    { "\emph{" swap$ * "}" * }
%<em-it>    { "\textit{" swap$ * "}" * }
%</nfss>
  if$
}
%</!em-x>
%<em-x>{ skip$ }

%<*nmft-bf|vol-bf|vol-2bf>
FUNCTION {bolden}
{ duplicate$ empty$
    { pop$ "" }
%<!nfss>    { "{\bf " swap$ * "}" * }
%<nfss>    { "\textbf{" swap$ * "}" * }
  if$
}

%</nmft-bf|vol-bf|vol-2bf>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 16}{Add \texttt{write.url} for option \texttt{harnm}}
% This function taken over from \texttt{agsm.sty}, the main \texttt{harvard}
% bib style.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*harnm>
FUNCTION {write.url}
{ URL empty$
    { skip$ }
    { "\newline\harvardurl{" URL * "}" * write$ newline$ }
  if$
}

%</harnm>
INTEGERS { nameptr namesleft numnames }

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 16}{Add \texttt{harvard} command for `and' with
%    new option \texttt{harnm}}
% The \texttt{harvard} package now (version 2.0.3, for \LaTeXe) uses 
% |\harvardand| in place of the word `and' so that it can be changed
% at run time. This is allowed for with the option \texttt{harnm}, which
% need not be used only with the \texttt{har} option.
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
%<*!nm-rev1>
    { s nameptr 
%<!nm-init&!nm-rev&!nm-rv>      "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
%<nm-init>      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't :=
%<!nm-init&nm-rev>      "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := 
%<!nm-init&!nm-rev&nm-rv>      "{vv~}{ll}{ jj}{ f{~}}" format.name$ 't := 
%</!nm-rev1>
%<*nm-rev1>
    { nameptr #1 >
        { s nameptr "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" format.name$ 't := }
        { s nameptr "{vv~}{ll}{, jj}{, f.}" format.name$ 't := }
      if$
%</nm-rev1>
      nameptr #1 >
        { 
%<*nmlm>
%<m1>          nameptr #2 =
%<m2>          nameptr #3 =
%<m3>          nameptr #4 =
%<m4>          nameptr #5 =
%<m5>          nameptr #6 =
%<x1>          numnames #1 > and
%<x2>          numnames #2 > and
%<x3>          numnames #3 > and
%<x4>          numnames #4 > and
%<x5>          numnames #5 > and
%<x6>          numnames #6 > and
%<x7>          numnames #7 > and
%<x8>          numnames #8 > and
%<x9>          numnames #9 > and
            { "others" 't :=
              #1 'namesleft := }
            'skip$
          if$
%</nmlm>
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
%<and-com|xand>              "," *
%<*!and-xcom&!and-com&!xand>
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
%</!and-xcom&!and-com&!xand>
              t "others" =
%<!etal-it>                { " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>                { " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
%<*!harnm>
%<!amper&!xand>                { " and " * t * }
%<amper&!xand>                { " \& " * t * }
%</!harnm>
%<harnm&!xand>                { " \harvardand\ " * t * }
%<xand>                { " " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {format.names.ed}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr 
%<!nm-init&!nm-rev&!nm-rev1&!nm-rv>      "{ff~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" 
%<nm-init|nm-rev|nm-rev1>      "{f.~}{vv~}{ll}{, jj}" 
%<!nm-init&!nm-rev&!nm-rev1&nm-rv>      "{f{~}~}{vv~}{ll}{ jj}" 
      format.name$ 't := 
      nameptr #1 >
        { 
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
%<and-com|xand>              "," *
%<*!and-xcom&!and-com&!xand>
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
%</!and-xcom&!and-com&!xand>
              t "others" =
%<!etal-it>                { " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>                { " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
%<*!harnm>
%<!amper&!xand>                { " and " * t * }
%<amper&!xand>                { " \& " * t * }
%</!harnm>
%<harnm&!xand>                { " \harvardand\ " * t * }
%<xand>                { " " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

%<*ay>
FUNCTION {format.key}                   
{ empty$
    { key field.or.null }
    { "" }
  if$
}

%</ay>
FUNCTION {format.authors}
{ author empty$
    { "" }
%<!nmft-sc&!nmft-bf&!nmft-it>    { author format.names }
%<nmft-sc>    { "{\sc " author format.names * "}" * }
%<!nmft-sc&nmft-bf>    { author format.names bolden }
%<!nmft-sc&!nmft-bf&nmft-it>    { author format.names emphasize }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
%<!nmft-sc&!nmft-bf&!nmft-it>    { editor format.names 
%<nmft-sc>    { "{\sc " editor format.names * "}" * 
%<!nmft-sc&nmft-bf>    { editor format.names bolden 
%<!nmft-sc&!nmft-bf&nmft-it>    { editor format.names emphasize 
      editor num.names$ #1 >
%<!ed>        { ", editors" * }
%<!ed>        { ", editor" * }
%<ed>        { " (eds.)" * }
%<ed>        { " (ed.)" * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.editors}
{ editor empty$
    { "" }
    { editor format.names.ed
%<*!edby>
      editor num.names$ #1 >
%<!ed>        { ", editors" * }
%<!ed>        { ", editor" * }
%<ed>        { " (eds.)" * }
%<ed>        { " (ed.)" * }
      if$
%</!edby>
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.4a}{1994 Sep 7}{Add enquote function to put titles in quotes,
%    such that punctuation is inside quotes.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.title}
{ title empty$
    { "" }
%<!atit-u>    { title "t" change.case$ 
%<atit-u>    { title 
%<tit-it>      emphasize
%<*!tit-it&(tit-q|tit-qq)>
      "\enquote{" swap$ * 
%<*blk-com>
      non.stop
        { ",} " * }
        { "} " * }
      if$
%</blk-com>
%<!blk-com>      add.period$ "}" *
%</!tit-it&(tit-q|tit-qq)>
    }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.1}{1993 Nov 12}{Add key labels to \texttt{calc.long.label} and
%     get {\tt'author} and {\tt'editor} in right order when author missing}
% \changes{1.4}{1994 Sep 5}{Remove \texttt{calc.long.label} and
%     \texttt{format.long.lab.names}, replacing them with 
%     \texttt{format.full.names}, \texttt{make.full.names}, and adding
%     \texttt{author.editor.key}, \texttt{author.key}, and \texttt{editor.key}}
% \changes{1.4a}{1994 Sep 7}{Remove option \texttt{and-com} from 
%     \texttt{make.full.names}}
% \changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 15}{Add full names for \texttt{natbib} v5.3}
% In versions before 1.4, there were two functions \texttt{calc.long.label}
% and \texttt{format.long.lab.names} that made up the string
% \texttt{long.label} for each entry. This contains the full author list.
% However, there was a bug in the one routine, entered by mistake when an
% earlier bug was removed, and more seriously, the string
% \texttt{long.label} was limited to \texttt{entry.max\$} characters, 100 on
% my system. Author lists were truncated.  Thus, \texttt{make.full.names}
% is used instead to enter the full list of names directly in the
% \texttt{output.bibitem} function, without an intermediate string. This
% involves changing the order of some function definitions, especially
% \texttt{output.bibitem} must come later.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*har|cay|nat>
FUNCTION {format.full.names}
{'s :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { s nameptr 
      "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ 't :=
      nameptr #1 >
        { 
%<*nmlm>
%<m1>          nameptr #2 =
%<m2>          nameptr #3 =
%<m3>          nameptr #4 =
%<m4>          nameptr #5 =
%<m5>          nameptr #6 =
%<x1>          numnames #1 > and
%<x2>          numnames #2 > and
%<x3>          numnames #3 > and
%<x4>          numnames #4 > and
%<x5>          numnames #5 > and
%<x6>          numnames #6 > and
%<x7>          numnames #7 > and
%<x8>          numnames #8 > and
%<x9>          numnames #9 > and
            { "others" 't :=
              #1 'namesleft := }
            'skip$
          if$
%</nmlm>
          namesleft #1 >
            { ", " * t * }
            {
%<*!and-xcom>
              numnames #2 >
                { "," * }
                'skip$
              if$
%</!and-xcom>
              t "others" =
%<!etal-it>                { " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>                { " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
%<*!harnm>
%<!amper>                { " and " * t * }
%<amper>                { " \& " * t * }
%</!harnm>
%<harnm>                { " \harvardand\ " * t * }
              if$
            }
          if$
        }
        't
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key
          if$
        }
        { editor format.full.names }
      if$
    }  
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.full}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }  
    { author format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.full}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
         { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
          'key
      if$
    }  
    { editor format.full.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {make.full.names}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.full
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.full
        'author.key.full
      if$
    }
  if$
%<lab-it>  emphasize
}

%</har|cay|nat>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.1}{1993 Nov 12}{Test for missing year, set to ????}
%\changes{1.4}{1994 Sep 5}{Change position of \texttt{output.bibitem},
%  use \texttt{make.full.names} instead of inserting string \texttt{long.label}}
%\changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 16}{Add option \texttt{nat} for full author list
%  for \texttt{natbib.sty} version~5.3}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {output.bibitem}
{ newline$
%<*ay>
%<!har>  "\bibitem[" write$
%<har>  "\harvarditem[" write$
%<ast>  "\protect\astroncite{" write$
%<cay>  "\protect\citeauthoryear{" make.full.names * "}{" * write$
%<cn>  "\protect\citename{" write$
  label write$
%<har>  "]{" make.full.names * "}{" * write$
%<har>  year duplicate$ empty$
%<cn>  ", }" year duplicate$ empty$
%<cay|ast>  "}{" year duplicate$ empty$
%<har|cn|cay|ast>    { pop$ "????" }
%<har|cn|cay|ast>    'skip$
%<har|cn|cay|ast>  if$
%<har>  extra.label * "}{" * write$
%<cn>  * extra.label * "]{" * write$
%<cay|ast>  * extra.label * "}]{" * write$
%<alk>  "]{" write$
%<!(har|cay|ast|alk|cn|nat)>  ")]{" write$
%<nat>  ")" make.full.names * "]{" * write$
%</ay>
%<!ay&!cite>  "\bibitem{" write$
%<!ay&cite>  "\bibitem[" label * "]{" * write$
  cite$ write$
  "}" write$
  newline$
  ""
  before.all 'output.state :=
}

FUNCTION {n.dashify}
{ 't :=
  ""
    { t empty$ not }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" =
        { t #1 #2 substring$ "--" = not
            { "--" *
              t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
            }
            {   { t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = }
                { "-" *
                  t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
                }
              while$
            }
          if$
        }
        { t #1 #1 substring$ *
          t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
        }
      if$
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {word.in}
%<blk-com&in-col>{ "in: " }
%<blk-com&!in-col>{ "in " }
%<!blk-com&in-col>{ "In: " }
%<!blk-com&!in-col>{ "In " }

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.4}{1994 Sep 6}{Add option \texttt{yr-per} to put period 
%    before date}
% \changes{1.5}{1994 Sep 16}{Add \texttt{harvard} bracket names to year
%    with new option \texttt{harnm}}
% The new \texttt{harvard.sty} allows variable brackets around the date
% in the reference list. It uses |\harvardyearleft| and |\harvardyearright|
% in the \texttt{.bst} files. Allow this with the option \texttt{harnm},
% which could actually be used without the \texttt{har} option. Note that
% this overrides the other year formatting options.
%    \begin{macrocode}
%<*ay>
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year duplicate$ empty$
    { "empty year in " cite$ * "; set to ????" * warning$ 
       pop$ "????" }
    'skip$
  if$
%<*!harnm>
%<yr-par|yr-brk|yr-col>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<yr-par>  " (" swap$ * extra.label * ")" *
%<!yr-par&yr-brk>  " [" swap$ * extra.label * "]" *
%<!yr-par&!yr-brk&yr-col>  ": " swap$ * extra.label *
%<!yr-par&!yr-brk&!yr-col&yr-per>  after.sentence 'output.state :=
%<!yr-par&!yr-brk&!yr-col>  extra.label *
%</!harnm>
%<harnm>  " \harvardyearleft " swap$ * extra.label * " \harvardyearright " *
}

%</ay>
%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {format.date}
{ year empty$
    { month empty$
        { "" }
        { "there's a month but no year in " cite$ * warning$
          month
        }
      if$
    }
    {
%<yr-par|yr-brk|yr-col>      before.all 'output.state :=
%<!yr-par&!yr-brk&!yr-col&yr-per>      after.sentence 'output.state :=
%<yr-par>      " (" year * ")" *
%<!yr-par&yr-brk>      " [" year * "]" *
%<!yr-par&!yr-brk&yr-col>      ": " year *
%<*!yr-par&!yr-brk&!yr-col>
      month empty$
        'year
        { month " " * year * }
      if$
%</!yr-par&!yr-brk&!yr-col>
    }
  if$
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {format.btitle}
%<!btit-rm>{ title emphasize
%<btit-rm>{ title 
}

FUNCTION {tie.or.space.connect}
{ duplicate$ text.length$ #3 <
    { "~" }
    { " " }
  if$
  swap$ * *
}

FUNCTION {either.or.check}
{ empty$
    'pop$
    { "can't use both " swap$ * " fields in " * cite$ * warning$ }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.bvolume}
{ volume empty$
    { "" }
%<!abr>    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
%<abr>    { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
      series empty$
        'skip$
        { " of " * series emphasize * }
      if$
      "volume and number" number either.or.check
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.number.series}
{ volume empty$
    { number empty$
        { series field.or.null }
        { output.state mid.sentence =
%<!abr>            { "number" }
%<!abr>            { "Number" }
%<abr>            { "no." }
%<abr>            { "No." }
          if$
          number tie.or.space.connect
          series empty$
            { "there's a number but no series in " cite$ * warning$ }
            { " in " * series * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
    { "" }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.edition}
{ edition empty$
    { "" }
    { output.state mid.sentence =
%<!abr>        { edition "l" change.case$ " edition" * }
%<!abr>        { edition "t" change.case$ " edition" * }
%<abr>        { edition "l" change.case$ " edn." * }
%<abr>        { edition "t" change.case$ " edn." * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

INTEGERS { multiresult }

FUNCTION {multi.page.check}
{ 't :=
  #0 'multiresult :=
    { multiresult not
      t empty$ not
      and
    }
    { t #1 #1 substring$
      duplicate$ "-" =
      swap$ duplicate$ "," =
      swap$ "+" =
      or or
        { #1 'multiresult := }
        { t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't := }
      if$
    }
  while$
  multiresult
}

FUNCTION {format.pages}
{ pages empty$
    { "" }
    { pages multi.page.check
%<!pp>        { "pages" pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
%<!pp>        { "page" pages tie.or.space.connect }
%<pp>        { "pp." pages n.dashify tie.or.space.connect }
%<pp>        { "p." pages tie.or.space.connect }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%<*jpg-1|pg-1>
FUNCTION {first.page}
{ 't :=
  ""
    {  t empty$ not t #1 #1 substring$ "-" = not and }
    { t #1 #1 substring$ *
      t #2 global.max$ substring$ 't :=
    }
  while$
}

%</jpg-1|pg-1>
%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.4}{1994 Sep 6}{Add option \texttt{volp-sp} to put space
%    after colon in vol:~page.}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.vol.num.pages}
{ volume field.or.null
%<vol-bf&!vol-2bf>  bolden
%<!vol-bf&!vol-2bf&vol-it>  emphasize
  number empty$
    'skip$
    { "(" number * ")" * *
%<!vol-bf&vol-2bf>      bolden
      volume empty$
        { "there's a number but no volume in " cite$ * warning$ }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
  pages empty$
    'skip$
    { duplicate$ empty$
        { pop$ format.pages }
%<!volp-com&!volp-sp&!jpg-1>        { ":" * pages n.dashify * }
%<volp-sp&!jpg-1>        { ": " * pages n.dashify * }
%<volp-com&!volp-sp&!jpg-1>        { ", " * pages n.dashify * }
%<!volp-com&!volp-sp&jpg-1>        { ":" * pages first.page * }
%<volp-sp&jpg-1>        { ": " * pages first.page * }
%<volp-com&!volp-sp&jpg-1>        { ", " * pages first.page * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.chapter.pages}
{ chapter empty$
    'format.pages
    { type empty$
%<!abr>        { "chapter" }
%<abr>        { "chap." }
        { type "l" change.case$ }
      if$
      chapter tie.or.space.connect
      pages empty$
        'skip$
        { ", " * format.pages * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.in.ed.booktitle}
{ booktitle empty$
    { "" }
    { editor empty$
        { word.in booktitle emphasize * }
%<!edby>        { word.in format.in.editors * ", " * booktitle emphasize * }
%<edby>        { word.in booktitle emphasize * ", edited by " * 
%<edby>          format.in.editors * }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {empty.misc.check}
{ author empty$ title empty$ howpublished empty$
  month empty$ year empty$ note empty$
  and and and and and
  key empty$ not and
    { "all relevant fields are empty in " cite$ * warning$ }
    'skip$
  if$
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {format.thesis.type}
{ type empty$
    'skip$
    { pop$
      type "t" change.case$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {format.tr.number}
{ type empty$
%<!abr>    { "Technical Report" }
%<abr>    { "Tech. Rep." }
    'type
  if$
  number empty$
    { "t" change.case$ }
    { number tie.or.space.connect }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.3}{1994 Jul 1}{Emphasize \texttt{journal} with \texttt{emphasize}, 
%          not explicitly}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.article.crossref}
{ 
%<*!ay>
  key empty$
    { journal empty$
        { "need key or journal for " cite$ * " to crossref " * crossref *
          warning$
          ""
        }
        { word.in journal emphasize * } 
      if$
    }
    { word.in key * " " *}
  if$
%</!ay>
%<ay>  word.in
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {format.crossref.editor}
{ editor #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  editor num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
%<!etal-it>    { pop$ " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>    { pop$ " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { editor #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
%<!etal-it>            { " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>            { " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
%<*!harnm>
%<!amper>            { " and " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
%<amper>            { " \& " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
%</!harnm>
%<harnm>            { " \harvardand\ " * editor #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

%</!ay>
%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.3}{1994 Jul 1}{Emphasize \texttt{series} with \texttt{emphasize}, 
%       not explicitly}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.book.crossref}
{ volume empty$
    { "empty volume in " cite$ * "'s crossref of " * crossref * warning$
      word.in
    }
%<!abr&!(blk-com|blk-tit)>    { "Volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
%<abr&!(blk-com|blk-tit)>    { "Vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
%<!abr&(blk-com|blk-tit)>    { "volume" volume tie.or.space.connect
%<abr&(blk-com|blk-tit)>    { "vol." volume tie.or.space.connect
      " of " *
    }
  if$
%<*!ay>
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { series empty$
            { "need editor, key, or series for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
              "" *
            }
            { series emphasize * }
          if$
        }
        { key * }
      if$
    }
    { format.crossref.editor * }
  if$
%</!ay>
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.3}{1994 Jul 1}{Emphasize \texttt{booktitle} with 
%      \texttt{emphasize}, not explicitly}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {format.incoll.inproc.crossref}
{ 
%<*!ay>
  editor empty$
  editor field.or.null author field.or.null =
  or
    { key empty$
        { booktitle empty$
            { "need editor, key, or booktitle for " cite$ * " to crossref " *
              crossref * warning$
              ""
            }
            { word.in booktitle emphasize * }
          if$
        }
        { word.in key * " " *}
      if$
    }
    { word.in format.crossref.editor * " " *}
  if$
%</!ay>
%<ay>  word.in
  "\cite{" * crossref * "}" *
}

FUNCTION {article}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<*!jtit-x>
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%</!jtit-x>
  crossref missing$
    { journal emphasize "journal" output.check
%<jnm-x>      " " * before.all 'output.state :=
      format.vol.num.pages output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.article.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%    \end{macrocode}
%\changes{1.3a}{1994 Aug 30}{Fix up \texttt{new.sentence} so not added with
%        \texttt{blk-com}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {book}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
%<ay>      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
      format.number.series output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    {
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {booklet}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<ay&dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&dt-beg>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  howpublished output
  address output
%<ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<*!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date output
%</!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {inbook}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { format.editors "author and editor" output.check
%<ay>      editor format.key output
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull
      crossref missing$
        { "author and editor" editor either.or.check }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
  if$
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  crossref missing$
    { format.bvolume output
      format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
      format.number.series output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
    }
    { format.chapter.pages "chapter and pages" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
      format.book.crossref output.nonnull
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {incollection}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<*!jtit-x>
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%</!jtit-x>
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.chapter.pages output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.sentence
      publisher "publisher" output.check
      address output
      format.edition output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.chapter.pages output
    }
  if$
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {inproceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<*!jtit-x>
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%</!jtit-x>
  crossref missing$
    { format.in.ed.booktitle "booktitle" output.check
      format.bvolume output
      format.number.series output
      format.pages output
%<*!ay>
      address empty$
        { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
          organization output
          publisher output
          format.date "year" output.check
        }
        { address output.nonnull
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>          format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>          new.sentence
          organization output
          publisher output
        }
      if$
%</!ay>
%<*ay>
      address output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.sentence
      organization output
      publisher output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%</ay>
    }
    { format.incoll.inproc.crossref output.nonnull
      format.pages output
    }
  if$
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {conference} { inproceedings }

%<*ay>
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  organization address new.block.checkb
  organization output
  address output
  format.edition output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%</ay>
%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {manual}
{ output.bibitem
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
        'skip$
        { organization output.nonnull
          address output
        }
      if$
    }
    { format.authors output.nonnull }
  if$
%<ay&dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&dt-beg>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  author empty$
    { organization empty$
    {
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>          address new.block.checka
          address output
        }
        'skip$
      if$
    }
    {
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      organization address new.block.checkb
      organization output
      address output
    }
  if$
  format.edition output
%<ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<*!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date output
%</!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {mastersthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<!thtit-a>  format.btitle "title" output.check
%<thtit-a>  format.title "title" output.check
%<thtit-a&blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  "Master's thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {misc}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors output
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<ay&dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&dt-beg>  format.date output
%<*ay>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.title output
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%</ay>
%<*!ay>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  title howpublished new.block.checkb
  format.title output
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  howpublished new.block.checka
%</!ay>
  howpublished output
%<ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<*!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date output
%</!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {phdthesis}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<!thtit-a>  format.btitle "title" output.check
%<thtit-a>  format.title "title" output.check
%<thtit-a&blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  "Ph.D. thesis" format.thesis.type output.nonnull
  school "school" output.check
  address output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%<*ay>
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  format.editors output
  editor format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.sentence
  organization output
  publisher output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%</ay>
%<*!ay>
FUNCTION {proceedings}
{ output.bibitem
  editor empty$
    { organization output }
    { format.editors output.nonnull }
  if$
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.btitle "title" output.check
  format.bvolume output
  format.number.series output
  address empty$
    { editor empty$
        { publisher new.sentence.checka }
        { organization publisher new.sentence.checkb
          organization output
        }
      if$
      publisher output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>      format.date "year" output.check
    }
    { address output.nonnull
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>      format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>      new.sentence
      editor empty$
        'skip$
        { organization output }
      if$
      publisher output
    }
  if$
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {techreport}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  format.tr.number output.nonnull
  institution "institution" output.check
  address output
%<!dt-beg&!dt-end>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  note output
%<*!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {unpublished}
{ output.bibitem
  format.authors "author" output.check
%<ay>  author format.key output
%<ay&dt-beg>  format.date "year" output.check
%<!ay&dt-beg>  format.date output
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
  format.title "title" output.check
%<blk-com&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  before.all 'output.state :=
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block
%<blk-tit>  new.sentence
  note "note" output.check
%<*ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date "year" output.check
%</ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<*!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
%<!blk-com&!blk-tit>  new.block 
  format.date output
%</!ay&!dt-beg&dt-end>
  fin.entry
%<harnm>  write.url
}

FUNCTION {default.type} { misc }

MACRO {jan} {"January"}

MACRO {feb} {"February"}

MACRO {mar} {"March"}

MACRO {apr} {"April"}

MACRO {may} {"May"}

MACRO {jun} {"June"}

MACRO {jul} {"July"}

MACRO {aug} {"August"}

MACRO {sep} {"September"}

MACRO {oct} {"October"}

MACRO {nov} {"November"}

MACRO {dec} {"December"}

MACRO {acmcs} {"ACM Computing Surveys"}

MACRO {acta} {"Acta Informatica"}

MACRO {cacm} {"Communications of the ACM"}

MACRO {ibmjrd} {"IBM Journal of Research and Development"}

MACRO {ibmsj} {"IBM Systems Journal"}

MACRO {ieeese} {"IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering"}

MACRO {ieeetc} {"IEEE Transactions on Computers"}

MACRO {ieeetcad}
 {"IEEE Transactions on Computer-Aided Design of Integrated Circuits"}

MACRO {ipl} {"Information Processing Letters"}

MACRO {jacm} {"Journal of the ACM"}

MACRO {jcss} {"Journal of Computer and System Sciences"}

MACRO {scp} {"Science of Computer Programming"}

MACRO {sicomp} {"SIAM Journal on Computing"}

MACRO {tocs} {"ACM Transactions on Computer Systems"}

MACRO {tods} {"ACM Transactions on Database Systems"}

MACRO {tog} {"ACM Transactions on Graphics"}

MACRO {toms} {"ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software"}

MACRO {toois} {"ACM Transactions on Office Information Systems"}

MACRO {toplas} {"ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems"}

MACRO {tcs} {"Theoretical Computer Science"}

READ

%<*ay|!seq-no>
FUNCTION {sortify}
{ purify$
  "l" change.case$
}

INTEGERS { len }

FUNCTION {chop.word}
{ 's :=
  'len :=
  s #1 len substring$ =
    { s len #1 + global.max$ substring$ }
    's
  if$
}

%<*ay>
FUNCTION {format.lab.names}
{ 's :=
  s #1 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$
  s num.names$ duplicate$
  #2 >
%<!etal-it>    { pop$ " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>    { pop$ " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
    { #2 <
        'skip$
        { s #2 "{ff }{vv }{ll}{ jj}" format.name$ "others" =
%<!etal-it>            { " et~al." * }
%<etal-it>            { " " * "et~al." emphasize * }
%<*!harnm>
%<!amper>            { " and " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
%<amper>            { " \& " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
%</!harnm>
%<harnm>            { " \harvardand\ " * s #2 "{vv~}{ll}" format.name$ * }
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key 
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.key.label}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
            'key  
          if$
        }
        { editor format.lab.names }
      if$
    }
    { author format.lab.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.key.label}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { cite$ #1 #3 substring$ }
        'key 
      if$
    }
    { editor format.lab.names }
  if$
}

%    \end{macrocode}
% \changes{1.5a}{1994 Oct 11}{Add option \texttt{note-yr}}
%    \begin{macrocode}
FUNCTION {calc.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.label
        'author.key.label
      if$
    }
  if$
%<lab-it>  emphasize
%<!(har|ast|cay|alk|cn)>  "("
%<har|ast|cay|alk|cn>  ", "
  *
  year duplicate$ empty$
     { pop$ "????" }
%<!note-yr>     { purify$ #-1 #4 substring$ }
%<note-yr>     'skip$
  if$
  *
  'label :=
}

%<*har|cay|ast|cn>
FUNCTION {calc.short.label}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.key.label
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.key.label
        'author.key.label
      if$
    }
  if$
%<lab-it>  emphasize
  'label :=
}

%</har|cay|ast|cn>
%</ay>
FUNCTION {sort.format.names}
{ 's :=
  #1 'nameptr :=
  ""
  s num.names$ 'numnames :=
  numnames 'namesleft :=
    { namesleft #0 > }
    { nameptr #1 >
        { "   " * }
        'skip$
      if$ 
      s nameptr 
%<!nm-init&!nm-rev&!nm-rev1&!nm-rv>      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  ff{ }}{  jj{ }}" 
%<nm-init|nm-rev|nm-rev1|nm-rv>      "{vv{ } }{ll{ }}{  f{ }}{  jj{ }}" 
      format.name$ 't := 
      nameptr numnames = t "others" = and
        { "et al" * }
%<*seq-lab>
        { numnames #2 > nameptr #2 = and
          { "zzzzzz" * #1 'namesleft := }
          { t sortify * }
        if$
        }
%</seq-lab>
%<!seq-lab>        { t sortify * }
      if$
      nameptr #1 + 'nameptr :=
      namesleft #1 - 'namesleft :=
    }
  while$
}

FUNCTION {sort.format.title}
{ 't :=
  "A " #2
    "An " #3
      "The " #4 t chop.word
    chop.word
  chop.word
  sortify
  #1 global.max$ substring$
}

FUNCTION {author.sort}
{ author empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need author or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {author.editor.sort}
{ author empty$
    { editor empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, editor, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { editor sort.format.names }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

%<*ay>
FUNCTION {editor.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { key empty$
        { "to sort, need editor or key in " cite$ * warning$
          ""
        }
        { key sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ calc.label
  label sortify
  "    "
  *
  type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.sort
        'author.sort
      if$
    }
  if$
  #1 entry.max$ substring$      
  'sort.label :=                
  sort.label                    
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

%</ay>
%</ay|!seq-no>
%<*!ay&!seq-no>
FUNCTION {author.organization.sort}
{ author empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need author, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { author sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {editor.organization.sort}
{ editor empty$
    { organization empty$
        { key empty$
            { "to sort, need editor, organization, or key in " cite$ * warning$
              ""
            }
            { key sortify }
          if$
        }
        { "The " #4 organization chop.word sortify }
      if$
    }
    { editor sort.format.names }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {presort}
{ type$ "book" =
  type$ "inbook" =
  or
    'author.editor.sort
    { type$ "proceedings" =
        'editor.organization.sort
        { type$ "manual" =
            'author.organization.sort
            'author.sort
          if$
        }
      if$
    }
  if$
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
}

%</!ay&!seq-no>
%<*(ay)|!seq-no>
ITERATE {presort}

SORT            

%</(ay)|!seq-no>
%<*ay>
STRINGS { last.label next.extra }       

INTEGERS { last.extra.num }             

FUNCTION {initialize.extra.label.stuff} 
{ #0 int.to.chr$ 'last.label :=
  "" 'next.extra :=
  #0 'last.extra.num :=
}

FUNCTION {forward.pass}
{ last.label label =
    { last.extra.num #1 + 'last.extra.num :=
      last.extra.num int.to.chr$ 'extra.label :=
    }
    { "a" chr.to.int$ 'last.extra.num :=
      "" 'extra.label :=
      label 'last.label :=
    }
  if$
}

FUNCTION {reverse.pass}
{ next.extra "b" =
    { "a" 'extra.label := }
    'skip$
  if$
  extra.label 'next.extra :=
%<xlab-it>  extra.label emphasize 'extra.label :=
%<!(har|ast|cay|cn)>  label extra.label * 'label :=
}

EXECUTE {initialize.extra.label.stuff}

ITERATE {forward.pass}

REVERSE {reverse.pass}

FUNCTION {bib.sort.order}
{ sort.label
  "    "
  *
  year field.or.null sortify
  *
  "    "
  *
  title field.or.null
  sort.format.title
  *
  #1 entry.max$ substring$
  'sort.key$ :=
%<har|cay|cn|ast>  calc.short.label
}

ITERATE {bib.sort.order}

SORT            

%</ay>
%<*!ay>
STRINGS { longest.label }

INTEGERS { number.label longest.label.width }

FUNCTION {initialize.longest.label}
{ "" 'longest.label :=
  #1 'number.label :=
  #0 'longest.label.width :=
}

FUNCTION {longest.label.pass}
%<*!ay&!cite>
{ number.label int.to.str$ 'label :=
  number.label #1 + 'number.label :=
%</!ay&!cite>
%<!ay&cite>{ cite$ 'label := 
  label width$ longest.label.width >
    { label 'longest.label :=
      label width$ 'longest.label.width :=
    }
    'skip$
  if$
}

EXECUTE {initialize.longest.label}

ITERATE {longest.label.pass}

%</!ay>
FUNCTION {begin.bib}
{ preamble$ empty$                              
    'skip$
    { preamble$ write$ newline$ }
  if$
%<ay>  "\begin{thebibliography}{}" write$ newline$           
%<!ay>  "\begin{thebibliography}{"  longest.label  * "}" * write$ newline$
%<!tit-it&tit-q>  "\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{`#1'}"
%<!tit-it&!tit-q&tit-qq>  "\newcommand{\enquote}[1]{``#1''}"
%<!tit-it&(tit-q|tit-qq)>  write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {begin.bib}

EXECUTE {init.state.consts}

ITERATE {call.type$}

FUNCTION {end.bib}
{ newline$
  "\end{thebibliography}" write$ newline$
}

EXECUTE {end.bib}
%</!options>
%    \end{macrocode}
%
% \PrintChanges
% 
% \Finale