Amiga zmodem ------------ Zmodem is a file transfer protocol which will enable you to transmit files between different computers. In fact the zmodem programs can transfer files using several popular protocols: Xmodem,Ymodem and Zmodem. To find out about all the features of the zmodem programs, be sure to read rz.doc and sz.doc, because I will only mention the features specific to the amiga version here. Please note that some features of UNIX zmodem are not supported. This is mentioned in the zmodem '.doc' files. The reason I ported these programs to the Amiga, is that Zmodem file transfers are very fast. When I was using Kermit the throughput I got was about 30 characters/second (1200 baud modem, going through packet switching network), now with Amiga zmodem I get at least 100 characters/second. Your mileage may vary, but I'm pretty sure you'll get a significant speedup if you've been using either Kermit or Xmodem. Enjoy! CONTENTS I Installing zmodem II Quick explanation on transferring files III Cooperating communications programs IV Amiga specific features V Caveats,bugs and "features" (sigh!) I/ Installing zmodem To install UNIX zmodem rename the file 'makefile.unix' as 'makefile'. Then type 'make system'. Where system is the version of UNIX you are using, and is one of the following: sysv for SYSTEM 5 Unix xenix for SYSTEM 3/5 Xenix x386 for 386 Xenix bsd for Berkeley 4.x BSD and Ultrix To install Amiga zmodem just uudecode the files rz.uu and sz.uu, and you're ready to go. II/ Quick explanation on transferring files Sending files from UNIX to the AMIGA using zmodem: (log in on UNIX machine) (make sure preferences has the correct serial setup, or that you have the zmodem.init file correctly set up, or a cooperating comm. program running) sz file1 file2 ... (type this on your UNIX system) (exit your communications program) rz (type this on the Amiga) Sending files from the Amiga to UNIX using zmodem: (log in on UNIX machine) (if your comm. program doesn't cooperate exit it.) (make sure preferences has the correct serial setup, or that you have the zmodem.init file correctly set up, or a cooperating comm. program running) sz file1 file2 ... (type this on the Amiga, Amiga sz automatically fires up UNIX rz) III/ Cooperating communications programs There are many different protocols for transferring files from one computer to another. So many in fact, that almost no terminal program can support them all! So my idea was to provide a stand along program that would work with a terminal program. This would allow more efficient use of the computer's memory because the file transfer program would only be in memory when it was actually being used. Also authors of terminal programs could concentrate their efforts on other issues. The unique features of the Amiga make this idea possible. Zmodem can cooperate with other programs using the serial port. For this to work, the other program has to do two things: - Open the serial port in shared mode - suspend it's read operations while zmodem is transferring files Actually it's also a good idea to suspend write operations also, because accidental keyboard input could interfere with the file transfer. An example of a cooperating communications program should be the new version of VT100 (r. 2.9). If your comm. program doesn't cooperate, you can still be use Amiga zmodem. Just exit your non-cooperating comm. program before running zmodem. If your modem drops the line when you exit (ie. when DTR goes down), just use the built in terminal mode in zmodem ('-T' switch). IV/ Amiga specific features a/Initializing the serial port A new amiga specific switch '-I' has been added to allow initialization of the serial port parameters. If this switch is used, zmodem will look for a file called 'zmodem.init', which can either be in the current directory, or the 'S:' directory. The file has the following format: 1 line composed of -------------------- baudrate nps -------------------- Where 'baudrate' is a number between 110 and 29,200 representing the transmission speed to be used. Where 'n' is the number of bits per character (7 or 8). Where 'p' is the parity to be used. The value of 'p' will be one of: 'N','E','O' (standing for None,Even and Odd respectively) And where 's' is the number of stop bits (between 0 and 2). So if you want your file transfers to take place at 2400 bits per second, 8 bits per character, no parity and 1 stop bit, you would place the following line in your zmodem.init file: 2400 8N1 These parameters have to be on the first line of the file, no other lines will be examined. Also, if the zmodem.init file is not found, then the '-I' switch will be ignored. If no '-I' is given on the command line, then default parameters are used. This means that if a cooperating program using the serial port is in use, then the default parameters are the ones set up by that program. Otherwise the default parameters are the ones you have specified using preferences. If you use preferences to specify the serial parameters you must disenable xON/xOFF handshaking for Xmodem and Ymodem transfers to work correctly. If the terminal program you are using doesn't cooperate, then zmodem will tell you that it can't open the serial port for transferring files, and abort its execution. In that case stop the terminal program before running zmodem. When a cooperating terminal program is running, it isn't possible to use the '-I' option. The parameters used will be automatically those set up by the terminal program. If you try the '-I' option under these conditions zmodem will print an error message and abort. b/ Aborting file transfers Zmodem can be aborted at any time by clicking in the close box of the zmodem window. c/ Files to large for space remaining on disk Amiga zmodem will detect if the incoming file is too large to fit on the current disk. The files that won't fit are skipped. Zmodem only checks the space remaining at the start of each file, so you may still get full disks, if you use up some of the remaining free space while the file transfer is going on (hurrah for multi-tasking:-). This feature can be disabled with the '-n' option, which is useful if the destination device happens to be RAM:. That's because RAM:, is always full, so you couldn't receive any files on it at all. d/ Ymodem file transfers With the UNIX version of zmodem, Ymodem transfers were requested by calling zmodem using the names sb or rb (send batch or receive batch). But on the amiga this isn't practical, since this would require keeping several copies of zmodem, with only the name being different. To remedy this situation, the '-B' switch was added, this lets you use the Ymodem protocol and have only one copy of zmodem around. examples: sz -B f1 f2 f3 rz -B e/ Xmodem file transfers To send with the xmodem protocol use: 'sz -X file', and for receiving 'rz file'. If you give a file name to rz, the file transfer will be done using Xmodem protocol, even if on the sending end you specified a zmodem transfer, so watch out! f/ Maintaining file protection bits When transferring between UNIX and the Amiga, the file protection bits are also transfered. When sending from the amiga to UNIX the bits 'rwe' are translated into the 'rwe' for user bits on UNIX. UNIX doesn't have a 'd' bit, but if you don't have write permission rm will ask for permission to over-ride protection (ie. you can't delete it accidentally). So the UNIX 'w' bit is translated into the Amiga 'wd' bits. That is to say if the UNIX file doesn't have write permission the Amiga file won't have write or delete permission. The transmission of the file protection bits can be overriden, with the '-m' option. In this case the transmitted files will have the default file protection bits. g/ Automatic ASCII transfer mode To be able to transfer raw binary files zmodem needs 8 bits per character. If the serial port parameters aren't set up this way zmodem automatically uses it's ASCII transfer mode. The transfer mode being used by zmodem is printed when the file transfer starts. You should transfer files using binary mode for files you want transferred without any changes made to them. The ASCII mode will try to adapt the incoming file to amiga text file conventions ( all CR LF sequences replaced by LF ). h/ Maintaining file dates One of the features of Zmodem, is that it keeps the same file-modification date on the source and destination files. But due to the format used to transmit the date, zmodem has to know what time zone you are in, relative to the GM (Greenwich Meridian). I know this is strange, but that's the way zmodem works. This time zone difference can also change during the year, because GMT doesn't have any daylight savings time! Anyway, if you want the file dates maintained you must add an extra number (this is an option) into your zmodem.init file which specifies the difference between your local time zone and GMT. In this case the format of the zmodem.init file becomes: --------------------- baudrate nps gmt_diff --------------------- my zmodem.init file is 1200 8N1 +2 (this is for europe) If you are in the EST time zone, you will probably set gmt_diff to -4. If you don't care about the file-modification date on the transfered file, the easiest thing to do is just leave gmt_diff out. Then the transfered file's date will be set by zmodem to the current date. i/ Terminal mode A very primitive terminal mode has been provided, to enable those with "smart" modems (ie. ones that drop phone connection when DTR goes down) to use zmodem. Use the terminal mode to log in, and then click on the close box of the zmodem window, the file transfer requested will follow automatically. Once the file transfer is completed, zmodem will re-enter the terminal mode, permitting you to log out cleanly. V/ Caveats,bugs and "features" (sigh!) If Ymodem protocol is used by the sending program, and the receiving program is using Xmodem, the first file will be transferred, but the sending Ymodem program will not exit correctly. example: sz foo <-- starts out with Zmodem, steps down to Ymodem rz foo <-- uses Xmodem because file name is given the correct sequences would be: sz foo bar toto <-- Zmodem transfer rz or sz -B foo bar toto <-- Batch Ymodem transfer rz -B or sz -X foo <-- Xmodem transfer rz foo When using the '-f' option of sz (send whole pathname) the directories in the path will not be created. If one of the directories in the pathname doesn't exist, the file will not be sent. A newer version of UNIX rz will handle the creation of the directories. Amiga rz still doesn't though. If you are using parity, amiga zmodem won't accept any characters without the parity bit correctly set. Many UNIX hosts won't set the parity bit correctly on output even if they are set up to check parity on input. I recommend avoiding using parity with zmodem whenever possible. It limits you to transferring just text files anyway. Sz's -n (send file iff newer) and -N (send file if newer or longer) options are not implemented in Unix or Amiga zmodem. Sz's -r (resume interupted file transfer) option isn't implemented in this version of UNIX zmodem, or Amiga zmodem. Sz's -y (overwrite existing files with same name) option is pretty useles with the UNIX and Amiga versions of zmodem, because this is already the default behavior. I haven't been able to test Amiga zmodem at speeds other than 1200 bps. I hope that zmodem will be reasonably efficient and bug free using different speeds. If rz can't keep up at higher speeds, it may be necessary to increase the size of the serial buffer using preferences. If you increase the buffer size, don't use the '-I' option. With the '-I' option the buffer size is always the same no matter what you choose in preferences (1024 bytes). --------------------------------------------------------------------------- Many thanks to Chuck Forsberg who wrote the UNIX version of zmodem, and on which Amiga zmodem is based. Thanks also go to all the good people who have helped to make the amiga the useful and successful machine it is today. The people from Los Gatos, and CATS. And also those who have provided the public domain tools that have made this program possible, Matt Dillon for DME and the shell, Steve Drew for his work on the shell, Dave Wecker and Tony Sumrall for the vt100 terminal program, Peter Da Silva for Browser, and all the other PD authors who's programs I've used. And of course Fred Fish, for making all the PD software available. Please send bug reports and/or bug corrections to me: Frank Anthes-Harper 72, Le Puech des Bruyeres Av. de Mr. Teste 34070 Montpellier France Usenet: ...!ucbvax!decvax!uunet!mcvax!inria!geocub!anthes