Manned Space Log 1.0 (c) 1988 by Gene Heitman Synopsis Manned Space Log is an AmigaBASIC program that presents information on the man-related space missions of the United States and the Soviet Union. This PAKed file contains the following: SpaceLog1.0, SpaceLog1.0.info, SLMissions, SLMissions.info, and SpaceLog.doc. SpaceLog1.0 requires that AmigaBASIC be in the same directory as SpaceLog1.0 and SLMissions (and their associated .info files). Contents I - Explanation II - Examples III - Directions IV - Launch Sites V - Soviet Launch Vehicle Designations VI - Sources VII - Space-Related Organizations I - Explanation And Examples The Manned Space Log was put together using an AmigaBASIC program written for the Commodore Amiga 500 personal computer with 512K RAM and equipped with a Commodore Amiga 1010 3.5" external disk drive. It uses the AmigaBASIC 640 X 200 pixel default screen for its display. The Manned Space Log uses an external file that contains all of the man-related space missions for the United States and the Soviet Union from 1957 to the present. The file (SLMissions) contains over 330 space missions, listed in chronological order, which were related to the development of manned space flight. For each mission the following data is given: mission name, launching nation, launch date, launch site, launch vehicle, payload weight in pounds, orbital period in minutes (total flight time for suborbital missions), orbital perigee in statute miles, orbital apogee in statute miles, orbital inclination in degrees, and remarks. This program is being released as freeware (freeware being where the program is freely distributable but the copyright remains with the original author) but if you feel the urge send me some money (cash, travelers checks, loose change, personal checks, no credit cards) I won't turn it down. I intend to release future versions of this program that will support printing output, etc. Anyone who has comments or suggestions for improvements should contact the author via any of the means listed below. U.S. Mail: Gene Heitman, 513 Selma Avenue, St. Louis, MO 63119 Telephone: (314) 968-0389 CompuServe: 76317,206 PeopleLink: geneh II - Examples Example 1: Mission # 35 MERCURY-ATLAS 6 USA 02/20/62 ETR ATLAS D 2987 LBS 88.5 MIN 100 MI 163 MI 32.5 DEG JOHN GLENN ORBITS EARTH 3 TIMES On February 20, 1962, the United States launched Mercury-Atlas 6 from the Eastern Test Range. Atop the Atlas D booster was astronaut John Glenn inside his 2987-pound Mercury capsule. The spaceraft was inserted into an orbit inclined 32.5 degrees from the equator and with an 88.5 minute orbital period. The perigee of the orbit was 100 statute miles and the apogee was 163 statute miles. John Glenn completed three orbits before returning to Earth. Example 2: Mission # 39 X-15 NO 3 FLIGHT 7 USA 07/17/62 EAFB X-15 NO 3 34000 LBS 11 MIN 0 MI 59 MI - DEG BOB WHITE ON 1ST X-15 SPACEFLIGHT On July 17, 1962, X-15 No 3 flew at Edwards Air Force Base on its seventh mission. The 34000-pound vehicle successfully completed a suborbital flight 11 minutes long during which Bob White became the first X-15 pilot to go above 50 statute miles and thereby earn astronaut wings from the U.S. Air Force. Bob White achieved a maximum altitude of over 59 miles during the flight. Example 3: Mission # 172 - USSR 06/24/71 TYURATAM G-1-E - LBS 1 MIN 0 MI 7 MI - DEG SUPER BOOSTER FAILURE-UNMANNED On June 24, 1971, the Soviet Union attempted a test launch of their G-1-E, a Saturn V-class booster, from the Tyuratam launch complex. Approximately one minute into the flight the booster exploded after reaching an altitude of seven miles. The unmanned booster carried a payload of unknown weight. III - Directions To start the space log program click twice on the SpaceLog1.0 icon. After AmigaBASIC is loaded the program itself will load. When the program begins to run it will display the title and ask you to wait while it loads the data on the man-related missions. The data file necessary to run this program is called "SLMissions" and contains over 330 missions for the USA and the USSR. After the data is loaded the computer will ask you to press the right mouse button for the program menu. The menu choices are shown below. Change File List Missions Show Totals Quit Add New Mission All Missions Vehicle Table Quit SpaceLog Change Mission By Mission Annual Table Delete Mission By Nation Annual Graph Save Changes By Date By Site By Vehicle After you make your choice from the program menu the following will happen: Change File Add New Mission - If you select this you will be asked to enter eleven different fields of data for the new mission. If you do not know the field it is asking for just enter a "-" (minus sign) instead. Mission - name of the mission, must be no longer than 19 characters Nation - nation that launched the mission, must be either "USA" or "USSR" Date - launch date of the mission, must be of format MM/DD/YY, i.e. April 12th in 1981 is 04/12/81 Site - launch site, must be no longer than 8 characters (see Section IV for launch site abbreviations) Vehicle - launch vehicle used, must be no longer than 18 characters Weight (LBS) - weight of mission in pounds, must be no more than 6 digits without a decimal point and rounded off to the nearest pound Period (MIN) - orbital period in minutes, for suborbital flights it is total flight time, must be no more than 5 places including decimal point, rounded off to the nearest tenth of a minute Perigee (MI) - orbital perigee in statute miles, for suborbital flights it is zero, must be no more than 5 digits without a decimal point, rounded off to nearest mile Apogee (MI) - orbital apogee in statute miles, for suborbital flights it is the maximum altitude reached, must be no more than 5 digits without a decimal point, rounded off to the nearest mile Inclination (DEG) - orbital inclination in degrees, for suborbital flights it is a "-", no more than 5 places with decimal point, rounded off to nearest tenth of a degree Remarks - special remarks about the mission, must be no longer than 37 characters After you enter the mission it will automatically be put in the correct chronological order in relation to the other missions. There can be no more than 360 missions in the data file. Any additions to the file do not become permanent until the file is saved to disk. After the addition is put in the correct order the program will tell you to return to the menu. Change Mission - To change a mission you must know its mission number. After you enter the mission number the program will display the data for that mission and ask you which of the eleven fields to change. The program will then show the field you are replacing and ask for the new field. The changes you make are not permanent until the file is saved to disk. After the program has made the change it will tell you to return to the menu. Delete Mission - To delete a mission you must know its mission number. The program will ask you which mission number you want to delete. The data for that mission will be displayed and you will be asked if this is the correct mission. Any deletions you make will not be permanent until the mission file is saved to disk. After the mission is deleted the program will tell you to return to the menu. (Note: The program marks a mission as deleted by changing its nation to "X". If you want to undelete a mission and you know its mission number it is possible to change the mission nation to "USA" or "USSR" from "X".) Save Changes - This option will save the mission file currently in memory to the disk and replace the previous version of "SLMissions". Up until you actually save your changes they are only temporary and will be erased when you quit the program. The program will tell you to wait until it is done saving the file and then it will tell you to return to the menu. List Missions All Missions - To list all the missions that are possible in chronological order the program will first ask you for the mission numbers to start and end the list with. After you tell the computer where to start and end its listing the program will display the missions one at a time. You must hit the space bar to tell the computer to display the next mission or hit the return key to stop the listing. After you hit the return key or reach the end of the listing the computer will tell you to return to the menu. By Mission, By Nation, By Date, By Site, By Vehicle - To list missions by Mission, Nation, Date, Site, or Vehicle is almost exactly the same as listing all missions. The only difference is that you can specify which of the 5 fields you want to search and what the matching field must be. A special feature is that if you ask for missions with a Vehicle of "ATLAS" you will get "ATLAS D", "ATLAS-X259", "ATLAS-AGENA D", and "ATLAS F". This feature works with all 5 fields that you can search. Show Totals Vehicle Table - This option will search through the data file from the beginning to end and find how many times a launch vehicle was used for a mission, which nation used the vehicle, and what year it was first used. The computer will ask you to wait while it compiles the information and it will then display it as a table on the screen. The computer will then tell you to return to the menu. Annual Table - This option will compile annual mission totals for each nation as well as the final total for each nation. It will ask you to wait while it computes the data which will then be displayed in tabular form on the screen. The computer will then tell you to return to the menu. Annual Graph - This option will give you the same data as in the Annual Table option but it will be presented in a graph with the years as the horizontal axis and the number of missions per year as the vertical axis. Quit Quit SpaceLog - This option will exit the program and return you to AmigaBASIC. IV - Launch Sites United States ETR - Eastern Test Range: Launches are from Cape Canaveral Air Force Station and NASA's Kennedy Space Center, both of which are located on the Florida coast. Site for all American manned launches through the present. Missions launched from here include Mercury, Gemini, Apollo, Skylab, Space Shuttle, Saturn, ASSET, FIRE, MOL, etc. WTR - Western Test Range: Launches from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California are mainly for military satellites and ICBM tests. Space Shuttle missions needing high-inclination (greater than 57 degrees) orbits were originally planned to be launched from here before the Challenger accident. The X-23A missions were launched from here. WSMR - White Sands Missile Range: This site in New Mexico is the Army's main missile test site and was first established in 1945. One of the main facilities is located 40 miles west of El Paso, Texas. The Apollo launch abort tests using Little Joe II boosters were done here. WI - Wallops Island: NASA's Wallops Flight Facility, located on Wallops Island off of the coast of Virginia, is mainly used for sounding rocket flights and Scout launches. Little Joe, Reentry, and RAM missions were launched from here. EAFB - Edwards Air Force Base: This California desert site hosts the Air Force Flight Test Center and NASA's Dryden Flight Research Facility where the M2-F2, HL-10, and X-24B lifting bodies were tested. It is also used as a shuttle contingency landing site. X-15 missions and Space Shuttle approach and landing tests were conducted here. Union of Soviet Socialist Republics Tyuratam - Tyuratam: Also known as the Baikonur Cosmodrome, this complex east of the Aral Sea has been used for all Soviet manned missions. The new Soviet Energia booster and its shuttle derivative are launched from here. All Korabl Sputnik, Vostok, Voskhod, Soyuz, Salyut, Progress, and Mir flights have been launched from here as well. Kap. Yar - Kapustin Yar: This site is also known as the Volgograd Station because it is located south of the city of Volgograd. The only man-related launches from this site have been the subscale spaceplane tests. V - Soviet Launch Vehicle Designations There are two main classification methods for Soviet launch vehicle designations. The method used in the Manned Space Log is the system developed by the late Dr. Charles Sheldon of the Congressional Research Service. The first letter in the designation indicates the family of related vehicles. The number is the variant within the family. Another letter, if present, shows the use of an additional upper stage. The other system is used by the Department of Defense. The SL in the DOD system stands for "Space Launcher". No designation in the Sheldon system has been assigned to SL-17 yet. A conversion table for the two systems is given below. Sheldon DOD Payloads A-1 SL-3 Vostok A-2 SL-4 Voskhod, Soyuz, Progress A-2-e SL-6 early lunar probes C-1 SL-8 Kosmos spaceplanes D-1 SL-9 Salyut, Mir, Kvant (Proton) D-1-e SL-12 lunar probes (Proton) G-1-e SL-15 lunar spacecraft - SL-17 shuttle and heavy space station? (Energia) VI - Sources The following were used as sources of information in compiling the Manned Space Log and are recommended for further reading. Additional information was obtained from the Satellite Digest which appears regularly in Spaceflight magazine from the British Interplanetary Society. Baker, David. The History of Manned Spaceflight. New York: Crown Publishers, Inc., 1981. Bartlett, H. E., J. W. Dean, and A. H. Owen. ASSET: Systems Description and Evaluation. Vol. 2. Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio: Air Force Flight Dynamics Laboratory, 1965. Bilstein, Roger E. Stages to Saturn: A Technological History of the Apollo/Saturn Launch Vehicles. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1980. von Braun, Wernher, and Frederick I. Ordway, III. History of Rocketry & Space Travel. 3rd rev. ed. New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1975. Brooks, Courtney G., James M. Grimwood, and Loyd S. Swenson, Jr. Chariots for Apollo: A History of Manned Lunar Spacecraft. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1979. Clark, Phillip S. Letter to author. 26 May 1986. Compton, W. David, and Charles D. Benson. Living and Working in Space: A History of Skylab. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1983. Ezell, Edward C., and Linda N. Ezell. The Partnership: A History of the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1978. Flight Evaluation Office, Johnson Space Center. Shuttle Flight Data and Inflight Anamoly List. Revision I. Houston, Texas: NASA, 1986. Foster, Lee R., Jr. Letter to author. 25 February 1986. Furniss, Tim. Manned Spaceflight Log. London: Jane's Publishing Company, Ltd., 1983. ----------. Space Flight-The Records. Enfield, Middlesex, England: Guinness Superlatives, Ltd., 1985. Gatland, Kenneth, et al. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Space Technology. New York: Harmony Books, 1981. Hacker, Barton C., and James M. Grimwood. On the Shoulders of Titans: A History of Project Gemini. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1977. Haeseler, Dietrich. "Design Features of the Mir Space Station." Spaceflight, 28 (1986), 384-385. ----------. "Maintaining a Space Station." Spaceflight, 28 (1986), 426-429. Hallion, Richard P. On the Frontier: Flight Research at Dryden, 1946-1981. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1984. Johnson, Nicholas L. The Soviet Year in Space: 1983. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1984. ----------. The Soviet Year in Space: 1984. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1985. ----------. The Soviet Year in Space: 1985. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1986. ----------. The Soviet Year in Space: 1986. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1987. ----------. The Soviet Year in Space: 1987. Colorado Springs, Colorado: Teledyne Brown Engineering, 1988. The McGraw-Hill Encyclopedia of Space. New York: McGraw-Hill Book Company, 1968. Newkirk, Dennis. Letter to author. 1986. Oberg, James E. Red Star in Orbit. New York: Random House, 1981. Ritchie, Eleanor H. Astronautics and Aeronautics, 1976: A Chronology. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1984. Shayler, David J., and Rex D. Hall. The Soviet Cosmonaut Detachment: 1960-1985. Vol. 1. Halesowen, West Midlands, England: Astro Info Service, 1985. Sherman, Madeline W., ed. TRW Space Log. Vol. 19. Redondo Beach, California: Electronics and Defense Sector of TRW, 1983. ----------. TRW Space Log. Vol. 20. Redondo Beach, California: Electronics and Defense Sector of TRW, 1984. Smith, Marcia S. "Soviet Space Activities." Spaceweek-St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri. 19 July 1984. Swenson, Loyd S., Jr., James M. Grimwood, and Charles C. Alexander. This New Ocean: A History of Project Mercury. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1966. Thompson, Tina D., ed. TRW Space Log. Vol. 21. Redondo Beach, California: Electronics and Defense Sector of TRW, 1986. U.S. Cong. Office of Technology Assessment. Salyut: Soviet Steps Toward Permanent Human Presence in Space-A Technical Memorandum. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1983. ----------. U.S.-Soviet Cooperation in Space-A Technical Memorandum. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1985. U.S. Cong. Senate. Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 Supporting Facilities and Launch Vehicles, Political Goals and Purposes, International Cooperation in Space, Administration, Resource Burden, Future Outlook. Pt. 1. 97th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1982. ----------. Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (with supplementary data through 1983) Manned Space Programs and Space Life Sciences. Pt. 2. 98th Cong., 2d sess. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1984. ----------. Soviet Space Programs: 1976-80 (with supplementary data through 1983) Unmanned Space Activities. Pt. 3. 99th Cong., 1st sess. Washington, D.C.: GPO, 1985. Yenne, Bill. The Encyclopedia of US Spacecraft. New York: Exeter Books, 1985. Young, Dick. Letter to author. 24 June 1986. VII - Space-Related Organizations If you are interested in supporting the exploration and development of space, there are several organizations of people who share an interest in space. I belong to both of the space-related organizations listed below. They both have excellent magazines which helped me in my research for this program. I highly recommend that you join either or both of them. The British Interplanetary Society - This organization was founded in 1933 and is still going strong. The society publishes two magazines, Spaceflight and Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, which are very good. Annual dues are 22 British pounds ($40 U.S.) and includes 12 issues of Spaceflight. For more information write: The British Interplanetary Society, 27/29 South Lambeth Rd., London SW8 1SZ, England. The National Space Society - Founded in 1987 by the merger of the former National Space Institute and the L-5 Society. Both previous organizations were founded in the mid-1970s. NSS publishes Space World magazine which is also a very nice magazine. Annual dues are $30 U.S. and includes 12 issues of Space World. NSS also runs the Mir Watch and Space Hotline and has an annual Space Development Conference. For more information call (202) 543-1900 or write: National Space Society, 922 Pennsylvania Ave., SE, Washington, D.C. 20003.