@database "GERMAN" @wordwrap @master ":GERMAN.guide" @$VER: GERMAN.guide 3.00 (26.3.2001) @author "John White" @(c) "John White, 2001" @Remark AmigaGuide database for GERMAN. @Index GERMANIndex @node main "GERMAN V3.00 Guide" @{" Introduction " Link "Introduction"} @{" GERMAN - File Notes " Link "Notes"} GERMAN Diction @{" Grammar " Link "Grammar"} @{" Tenses " Link "Tenses"} @{" Miscellaneous Information " Link "MiscInfo"} @{" Pronunciation " Link "Pronunciation"} @{" Speech " Link "Speech"} @{" Dictionary " Link "Dictionary"} @{" Contacting The Author " Link "Help"} @{" Update Information " Link "Update"} @endnode @node Introduction "Introduction" GERMAN is the second LGUI Language disk to be released. The first LGUI Language disk is TAGALOG (National Language Of The Philippines). The GERMAN Files were created as follows: As I cannot think of 1000+ Sentences off the top of my head, of course I had to look at Books for Ideas. After reading various Books, etc I chose the Sentences and Words I would like to Use - Not Copy. From there I filtered out Long Sentences, Words that I thought might be too long to remember (when used with a long sentence for example), etc. Using my chosen Filtered Out Sentences and Words I changed some of the Nouns and Adjectives so to give better, more useful, sentences. I then created the GERMAN Files. To make sure the German Files were as correct as I could make them I cross referenced (Not Copied) the Words and Sentences with various Books, Audio Tapes, etc. So you should find most, if not all, words and sentences are the common way of writing/saying those words and sentences. Obviously, some things in the Books, etc I read are going to be exactly the same as in the German Files simply because if that is the way things are said (regardless of Books, Writing, etc) then that is the way things are said. @{" File Notes " Link "Notes"} @{fg shine} Warning@{fg text} I Do NOT Say, Suggest, etc that the LGUI GERMAN Files are Correct, etc in any Way, Shape or Form. If you decide to use the LGUI GERMAN Files you do so knowing the above. @endnode @node Notes "File Notes" Throughout the GERMAN Files I have tried to make the Sentences as easy as possible to learn, but at the same time make them Easy-Medium, Short-Long, etc thus hopefully getting the learning balance right. The sentences have also been Mixed-Up. For example. If you had a question sentence like "What is your Job?" and an answer sentence like "I am a Teacher". This may seem fine - You would simply remember the `I am a Teacher' sentence when someone asked you "What is your Job?" because it was in sequence (Question followed by Answer). However, this sequence remembering pattern would be no good if you wanted to use another reply like "I do not have a Job". Simply because your brain would more than likely bring up the `I am a Teacher' sentence before remembering it has other replies it could use, like `I do not have a Job'. The Sentences I have put into the GERMAN Files, together with the Categories, have been designed for purposes such as: * People who wish to learn GERMAN over a One Year period for example. * People who wish to learn GERMAN as a Language, as opposed to just a Tourist Language, etc. * People who need to learn the Basics of GERMAN - Perhaps because they have a German Partner, A Job in Germany, etc. @{fg fill} I have tried to put the `Most Common' Question, Answer, etc Sentences into the GERMAN Files. However, you must realize that the current sentences are mainly Question, Answer, Comment and Command type sentences. By this I mean - It is very possible to make a Conversation from the sentences, but my main aim was to allow you to be able to Ask Questions, Say Comments, Issue Commands, etc (on an Easy Level?) whilst on Holiday, when talking to Filipinos, etc. I have made the German files so that you work your way Left-Downwards on the LGUI Options Menu before going Right-Downwards. This is so you can see the easy? Sentences first before progressing onto not so easy Sentences. I would say that if you can learn the `Answering the Telephone' category and the `Talking To/Meeting People' category then you should be Ok. @{fg text} Throughout the GERMAN Files I have inserted the following symbols: [Word/s] - Square Brackets mean the Word/s can be changed, for one of the same type for example. If a Word is a NOUN for example then you could change it for a different NOUN. This might also change that Sentence's meaning or just the Word itself. {Word/s} - Braces mean the Word/s in the Braces, when added to a Sentence, may extend that sentence and/or change that sentence's meaning. {....} - This means you you could continue the Sentence. For example: What Do You Think {....} What Do You Think {About TOM}, {Of This Dress}, etc. (Word/s) - Brackets mean My own comment/s about a Word and/or Sentence. Item1 / Item2 - This means Words and/or Sentences are seperated, perhaps because Item2 is showing you that it can be said differently to Item1 but still have the same meaning as Item1. Item1/Item2 - This means a Word and/or Sentence may have two different meanings when Translated to Item1 and Item2. Or may have the same meaning when Translated to Item1 and Item2 but have different ways/words to show the meaning. Blox/y - Blox or Bloxy are used as a Surname. H.S-Shop - H.S Shop is used to denote an High Street Shop. The reason for Blox/y and H.S Shop is just to protect myself. I did not want to use a proper name of a person or shop just in case I got complaints. These symbols are in most, if not all, Categories to Help you. However, I have left some Words/Sentences without symbols so that you can test your- self. There are also a variety of ways to say certain sentences/things which could also be helpful for testing purposes. PLEASE NOTE: THE SYMBOLS ABOVE ARE FOR READABILITY PURPOSES ONLY. THEY ARE NOTHING TO DO WITH LGUI WHATSOEVER. The last Miscellaneous/Various Category is not really Mixed, as in the true sense of the word Miscellaneous. By this I mean, the last category has got a mixture of the other categories in it aswell. For example, instead of putting every `Home' sentence into the Home Category I just put the every day `Home' sentences into that category and then put the Not-Used-Every-Day 'Home' sentences into the last Miscellaneous Category. Thus, at a later learning stage you could add Miscellaneous `Home' sentences to the Home Category. Finally, You will notice that I use the same words over and over again in the Sentences. This is because I believe that by doing this you have a better chance of remembering the sentence structures. For example: Sie Ist [Schön] - She Is Beautiful Sie Ist Sehr [Schön] - She Is Very Beatiful All you had to remember was the SEHR part of the sentence, when the sentence changed. If I had repeated the SIE IST [SCHÖN] sentence 10 times for example, changing the SCHÖN word each time, this would of meant you having to remember 10 different words for the same sentence structure. @{" Grammar " Link "Grammar"} @endnode @node Grammar "Grammar" This section, which describes some of the Basics of German Grammar, has been inserted for those who want to learn German as a Language (as opposed to a Tourist Language) rather than just remember sentences from the top of their heads for example. Grammar, to me, is a very long and complex subject - LGUI is not about teaching you Grammar. It is about showing you how Basic Words/Sentences of a language are Written and/or Spoken so that you can hopefully learn how to Write, Read and Speak those Basic Words/Sentences. Thus, if you want to find out more about German and its grammar it is upto you to do so - Hence the reason why this file only covers Basic Grammar/Notes. @{fg shine} GENDER@{fg text} German has three Genders: Masculine, Feminine and Neuter. Gender simply defines how a sentence should be written/spoken. For example, if a word (Noun) is Masculine then you make the whole sentence (Adjectives, etc) masculine aswell (wherever possible). Masculine/Feminine has nothing to do with, you, the speaker - For example, do not think if you are a Man that you can only say Masculine sentences and that a Woman can only say Feminine sentences. This is not the case. Why gender in a language exists I do not know (I do not care if a `Door' is Masculine, Feminine, Butch or whatever!) @{fg shine} CASES@{fg text} German also uses four Cases. Nominative (used for the Subject or Initiator of an Action or Speech), Accusative (used for the Person or Thing directly affected by the Action), Dative (used for the Recipient) and Genitive (used for the Possessor). These cases are used for Articles, Nouns, Pronouns and Adjectives according to their position. Do not worry too much about Case as most of the time LGUI Sentences use the Nominative Case (I.e. the simple ways to write THE, A, etc in a sentence). @{" Dictionary " Link "Dictionary"} @{fg shine} NOUNS / ARTICLES@{fg text} @{fg shine} The@{fg text} DER - Use when the Noun is Masculine. DER becomes DEM after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. THE Masculine: DER (Nominative), DEN (Accusative), DEM (Dative) and DES (Genitive). DAS - Use when the Noun is Neuter. DAS becomes DEM after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. THE Neuter: DAS (Nominative), DAS (Accusative), DEM (Dative) and DES (Genitive). DIE - Use when the Noun is Feminine. DIE becomes DER after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. DEN is used instead of DER when the noun is an Object or Accusative. Example: Have you got The KEY = Haben Sie Den Schlüssel DAS and DER do not change in the Accusative case - it is only the Masculine Singular that changes: Have you an Aunt? = Haben Sie eine Tante? Who had the Book? = Wer hatte das Buch? We have the Cups = Wir haben die Tassen THE Feminine: DIE (Nominative), DIE (Accusative), DER (Dative) and DER (Genitive). @{fg shine} A@{fg text} EIN - Use when a word is Masculine. Einen Is used instead of EIN when the noun is an Object or Accusative. Example: He has A/An HAT = Er hat Einen Hut A Masculine: EIN (Nominative), EINEN (Accusative), EINEM (Dative) and EINES (Genitive). EIN - Use when a word is Neuter. A Neuter: EIN (Nominative), EIN (Accusative), EINEM (Dative) and EINES (Genitive). EINE - Use when a word is Feminine. A Feminine: EINE (Nominative), EINE (Accusative), EINER (Dative) and EINER (Genitive). EIN becomes EINEM after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. Example: I live in a house = Ich wohne in einem haus EINE becomes EINER after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. Example: I live in a flat = Ich wohne in einer wohnung @{fg fill} If the definite article (THE) is preceded by a Preposition (At, On, In, Of, etc) then the Preposition and the Definite Article can be/are combined as follows: AM - Combined from AN DEM (At The, On The, etc). IM - Combined from IN DEM (In The, Into The, etc). INS - Combined from IN DAS. UMS - Combined from UM DAS. VOM - Combined from VON DEM. ZUM - Masculine or Neuter. Combined from ZU DEM (For The, To The, etc). ZUR - Feminine. Combined from ZU DER (For The, To The, etc). AUFS - Combined from AUF DAS. BEIM - Combined from BEI DEM. FÜRS - Combined from FÜR DAS. @{fg shine} PLURAL NOUNS@{fg text} @{fg shine} The@{fg text} THE is always DIE when the Noun is Plural, regardless of wether the noun is Masculine, Feminine or Neuter. DIE plural becomes DEN after the word ON (AUF), IN (IN), UNDER (UNTER), etc. THE Plural: DIE (Nominative), DIE (Accusative), DEN (Dative) and DER (Genitive). Plural Nouns are usually formed by adding E, N, S or ER to the end of the noun. Sometimes they add an Umlaut to the Main Vowel instead or aswell. Examples: The Man = Der Mann The Men = Die Männer - Note the Umlaut (ä) on the main vowel A and the ER, together with DIE, to form the Plural. The Lady = Die Dame The Ladies = Die DameN - Note the N, together with DIE, to form the Plural Day = Tag Days = TagE Car = Auto Cars = AutoS If the plural comes after a Preposition like - With The Men - an N is added to the end: With The Men = Mit Den MännerN Most nouns and Masculine nouns that end in E form their plural by adding an N. Feminine nouns add N or EN, to form their plural. All other nouns add E, to form their plural. Some examples: Masculine: Letter = Brief Day = Tag Boy = Junge Letters = BreifE Days = TagE Boys = JungeN Feminine: Woman = Frau Aunt = Tante Women = FrauEN Aunts = TanteN There are some exceptions to the above. For example, Nouns that have `a', `o', `u' or `au' in their main vowel change `a' to ä, `o' to ö, `u' to ü and `au' to äu, aswell as adding an E (or ER - generally on Neuter nouns). Some examples: Masculine: Son = Sohn Place = Platz Sons = SöhnE Places = PlätzE Neuter: House = Haus Houses = HäusER Book = Buch Books = BüchER If the Neuter or Masculine noun ends in EL, EN or ER they do not change their endings as above - They may still change their main vowel though. Some examples: Masculine: Bird = Vogel Apple = Apfel Birds = Vögel Apples = Äpfel Neuter: Knife = Messer Knives = Messer Nouns of Foreign Origin and not ending in EL, EN or ER add EN. Some examples: Masculine: Nephew = Neffe Soldier = Soldat Nephews = NeffEN Soldiers = SoldatEN @{fg shine} PERSONAL/MISCELLANEOUS PRONOUNS@{fg text} Nominative Accusative Dative Genitive I Ich ME Mich To Me Mir MINE Meiner YOU Du YOU Dich To You Dir YOURS Deiner HE Er HIM Ihn To Him Ihm HIS Seiner SHE sie HER Sie To Her Ihr HERS Ihrer IT Es IT Es To It Ihm ITS Seiner WE Wir US Uns To Us Uns OURS Unser YOU Ihr YOU Euch To You Euch YOURS Euer THEY sie THEM Sie To Them Ihnen THEIRS Ihrer YOU Sie YOU Sie To You Ihnen YOURS Ihrer Du is the familiar form of YOU and is used towards Relatives, Friends and Children. @{fg shine} POSSESSIVE/MISCELLANEOUS ADJECTIVES@{fg text} Masculine & Neutral Feminine & Plural MY Mein Meine HIS / ITS Sein Seine OUR Unser Unsere YOUR Ihr / Dein / Euer Ihre / Deine / Euere THEIR / HER ihr ihre NO, NOT A Kein Keine (Nominative and Accusative) Keinen (Dative) Keiner (Genitive) MEIN - MEIN becomes MEINEM after the word ON (AUF), UNDER (UNTER), etc. MEINE - MEINE becomes MEINER after the word ON (AUF), UNDER (UNTER), etc. @{" Tenses " Link "Tenses"} @endnode @node Tenses "Tenses" @{fg shine} TENSES@{fg text} Most Verbs end in the Infinitive (Dictionary Form) EN. The part before the EN is called the Stem (or Root) which never changes in the Regular Verb. Basically, you use the stem in order to get the Tense. Here are some examples (of the verb Wohn - To Live): Past or Imperfect: (Lived) i lived = ich wohnTE she/it/he lived = sie/es/er wohnTE we lived = wir wohnTEN (singular/familiar) you lived = du wohnTEST (plural) you lived = ihr wohnTET (polite/normal) you lived = sie wohnTEN they lived = sie wohnTEN With past tense you basically look for GE at the front of the verb. This is a bit like ED in English past tense. Present (Living): i live = ich wohnE she/it/he lives = sie/es/er wohnT we live = wir wohnEN (singular/familiar) you live = du wohnST (plural) you live = ihr wohnT (polite/normal) you live = sie wohnEN they live = sie wohnEN Future (To Live) i will live = ich werde wohn she/it/he will live = sie/es/er werde wohn we will live = wir werde wohn (singular/familiar) you will live = du werde wohn (plural) you will live = ihr werde wohn (polite/normal) you will live = sie werde wohn they will live = sie werde wohn Future tense normally uses the present tense. @{" Miscellaneous Information " Link "MiscInfo"} @endnode @node MiscInfo "Miscellaneous Information" @{fg shine} MISCELLANEOUS INFORMATION@{fg text} * SIE - SIE can be interprretted as YOU, SHE or THEY. Sie, when meaning YOU, is written with a capital letter. Sie, when meaning THEY or SHE, is written with a small s. Please remember this as LGUI writes all words with a capital letter to indicate a new word. * DEM/DEN - If the previous Verb is NOT Active (the Object is not moving) then use DEM. But if the previous Verb is Active (the Object is moving) then use DEN. * Words ending in ICH, IG, ING and LING are normally Masculiine. The same goes for Days, Months, Seasons and Compass Directions. * Words ending in E, EI, HEIT and KEIT are normally Feminine. * Diminutive Nouns ending in CHEN or LEIN are normally Neutral. * Questions are formed by placing the Pronoun after the Verb. Examples: Er Spielt = He Is Playing Spielt Er? = Is He Playing? Sie Sind ... = You Are ... Sind Sie ...? = Are You ...? Es Gibt ... = There Is ... Gibt Es ...? = Is There ...? * Negatives are usually formed by putting NICHT at the end of your sentence. Example: Er Spielt Nicht = He Is Not Playing * HIN and HER words. HIN implies motion away from (you) the speaker and HER implies motion towards (you) the speaker. * ß is SS. SS is used between two Vowels and when a first vowel is short (i.e. ü - Müssen). ß is used in all other uses - After a long Vowel (i.e. Au - Draußen), At the end of a word (i.e. Daß, Weiß, Grüß, etc), Before T (i.e. Heißt), etc. * Gehen is only used for walking. Fahren (Fahr words) is used for transport So in travelling sentences I have used a country name, city name or a have-to-drive-to-place to clarify between Gehen and Fahren (i.e. I am going to Germany - Ich fahre nach Deutschland. I am going to the theatre - Ich fahre zum theater). For Gehen I have used words like Market (i.e. I am going to the Market - Ich gehe in der Markt). * Some german words are made up of two words - The infinitive is one. The verb is often split when used in a sentence. Aufstehen (to get up) is made from Auf (up) and Stehen (to stand). You use Stehen like a normal verb but Auf usually goes to the end of the sentence. Example: TOM gets up at eight o'clock - TOM steht um acht uhr auf @{" Pronunciation " Link "Pronunciation"} @endnode @node Pronunciation "Pronunciation" @{fg shine} PRONUNCIATION@{fg text} Long a - sound: Ah. Short a - sound: Uh. ä - sound: Ai (as in: Air) or Eh (as in: Bed). au - sound: How. äu - sound: Oy. ch - sound: k (like a small a in school - ka). chs - sound: x/ks (as in: Six). Long e - sound: Ay. Short e - sound: Eh. ei - sound: I/Eye (as in: Fine). er - sound: Er or Air (depending on the word). eu - sound: Oy. i - sound: Ih (as in: Bit) or Ee (as in: Weed). ie - sound: Ee (as in: Meet). j - sound: Y (e.g: Ja = Yah). kn - K and N are pronounced as seperate words. e.g: knie = K Nee Long o - sound: Oe. Short o - sound: Oh. o - sound: O (as in: Order). ö - sound: Er (as in: First). qu - Q and U are pronounced as seperate words. Q sound: K. e.g: Qualität = K Vulit Ayt s - sound: Z (as in: Zoo), before a vowel. s - sound: S/Ss (as in: Sale), at the end of a word. s - sound: Sh, before P. e.g: Spiel = Shpeel. sch - sound: Sh (as in: Sheep). ss/ß - sound: ss, the same as pronounced in English. th - sound: T (as in: Tent). tz - sound: Ts (e.g: Netz = Nets). u - sound: Uh/Oo (as in: Good) or Who/Oo (as in: Mood). ü - sound: Ui. v - sound: F (as in: Foot) or V (as in: Vase). w - sound: usually V (as in: Vase). x - sound: X/Cks (as in: Wax). z - sound: Ts (as in: Bits). A final E is pronounced as ER. A final D is pronounced as T (e.g: Abend is Ah (Long a) Bent (d becomes t). @{" Speech " Link "Speech"} @endnode @node Speech "Speech" @{fg shine} SPEECH@{fg text} Overall, I would suggest you use the Speech File/s to get to know how a word is spoken (via each Syllable) as opposed to using the Speech File/s as the perfect way to say/pronounce a word. Thus, I would recommend (to some degree) that you try to imitate a German's Voice. @{fg fill} To a certain degree any language created on a computer is going to have its faults until you actually start reading/speaking that language. Which by then people should be correcting you anyway. Thus, treat any language (not just those created on a computer) as the guidelines to that language and not as a 100% perfect language, simply because Books have writing mistakes in them just the same as computers have speech faults, etc. So if you spot a mistake in a sentence or mispronunciation in a speech file, try and correct it if you can. Thus, you will have piece of mind that your copy of a language file is closer to near perfect. Many pronunciations are very close to their Human Sound. However, due to Amiga Pronunciation, a small percentage of incorrect pronunciation on a word/syllable may make that word as a whole sound slightly incorrect. This is bound to happen simply because the Amiga, and I, are not perfect. However, take note of the above said and you should find that once you have a Foreign friend to help you with words and pronunciation the Amiga Speech isn't as bad as some people make it out to be. Even if a language was to be created at 100% perfect you are still adviced to have a Dictionary lying around simply because you may still need to look up words for their meaning, etc of course.@{fg text} @{" Dictionary " Link "Dictionary"} @endnode @node Dictionary "Dictionary" @{fg shine} DICTIONARY@{fg text} This section is just to clarify what each item (Noun, Adjective, etc) is when it is German - An item may/may not follow the same rule/s as in English Grammar, for example. @{fg shine} Nouns@{fg text} Nouns are words used for names of Things, Ideas and Living Creatures (including Humans and Animals). All nouns begin with a capital letter. @{fg shine} Pronouns@{fg text} A Personal Pronoun (He, Yours, Me, etc) is a word used in place of a Noun. For example. If you said "The cat ate your food". Your second sentence might use one or more pronouns like so "He ate yours aswell". HE was used instead of THE CAT and YOURS was used instead of FOOD. In other words. You did not have to say "The cat ate your food aswell". You used pronouns to cut the sentence down. @{fg shine} Prepositions@{fg text} Prepositions are small words that are used to link other words in a sentence. They normally precede Nouns or Pronouns and indicate Where, How or When something is happening. Examples: Where - she is IN town, she is IN THE bathroom, she is AT THE door How - she is frying WITH oil, she is moping WITH THE mop, she is cooking WITH A saucepan When - she is asleep AT 7 O'Clock, she is awake UNTIL midnight @{fg shine} Adjectives@{fg text} An Adjective describes something, usually a Noun. For example, the adjective BROWN can be used to described a Noun like TREE - the BROWN tree. The same goes with the adjective BIG - the BIG tree. When an Adjective is used before a Noun (i.e. A Small Man - the Noun = Man and the Adjective = Small) it must agree with that noun in 3 ways: 1 In number (Singular or Plural) 2 In Gender (Masculine, Feminine or Neuter) 3 In Case (Nomative, Accusative, Genitive or Dative) When an Adjective is used after a Verb (i.e. She Is Slim - the Verb = Is and the Adjective = Slim) it follows the same rules as in English. After THE (Die, etc) adjectives add E in the singular and EN in the plural. After A (eine, etc) adjectives add ER in the masculine, E in the feminine and ES in the neuter. @{fg shine} Verbs@{fg text} A Verb is an Action word. Where an adjective describes something with a word a verb describes or does something with action. For example. If I describe a tree I use an adjective - the BIG tree. But sometimes this is not possible. For example. If I describe "He ran in a funny walk like this" I cannot show you that funny walk with a description (an adjective). I would have to show you with Action (I.e. I would have to do a funny walk, in order to describe the funny walk). This is exactly the job of a verb. To describe or do something with action words (I.e. RUN to the shop, THINK, EAT the food, etc). Verbs can change depending on who is doing the action. For example "I Make" but "He Makes". And they have different tenses according to when the action takes place. For example "i MAKE breakfast" (Future Tense) whereas "he MADE breakfast" (Past Tense). Verbs generally tell us: What is happening, Who or What is doing the action and Time (i.e. Past/Present/Future). A Verb will usually have a Subject (i.e. I, We, She, etc) which tells you who or what is doing the action. The Infinite form of a verb is its basic form (I.e. To Make, To Run, etc). A Dictionary normally lists words in their Infinite form. In german sentences the verb always goes in second place. The subject of the sentence usually goes first (i.e. Er geht zu bett - He goes to bett), but if Time comes first for example the verb stays where it is and the subject of the sentence goes after it (i.e. Um neun uhr geht er zu bett - At nine o'clock he goes to bed / He goes to bed at nine o'clock). @{fg shine} Adverbs@{fg text} An Adverb is a word that gives more information about an action. Many adverbs describe how a verb's action is done. For example "Slowly", as in "He opens the door slowly". Other adverbs say when an action happens. For example "Yesterday". Or where an action happens. For example "Here". @{fg shine} Subject or Object?@{fg text} A Noun or Pronoun is the Subject when it is doing the action. For example. "THE DOG barks" or "HE shouts" - THE DOG (and HE) is the subject. A Noun or Pronoun is the Direct Object when the action is done to it. For example. "he strokes THE DOG" or "he strokes HIM" - THE DOG (and HIM) is the direct object. A Noun or Pronoun can also be an Indirect Object. For example. "he gives THE DOG a bone" - THE DOG is the indirect object and A BONE is the direct object. You can normally tell an indirect object because it could have a preposition (TO, AT, FROM, etc) in front of it. Therefore. In the above you could say "he gives a bone TO THE DOG". With a pronoun "give HIM the bone" you could say "give the bone TO HIM". Depending on whether a Noun or Pronoun is the Subject, Direct Object or Indirect Object decides what Case it should go in (Dative, Accusative, etc) Read a good German book/dictionary for more information. @endnode @node Help "Contacting The Author" @{fg shine} If you have any Queries, Comments and/or Criticisms about GERMAN V3.00 please do not hesitate to contact me:@{fg text} John White 91 Comber House Comber Grove Camberwell London SE5 0LL ENGLAND Telephone: 07949 645637 (One2One Mobile) @{fg fill} PLEASE NOTE: I cannot afford to telephone anyone. My number is here purely for those people wishing to contact me faster than the Mail. I usually reply to all my Letters, but this depends on the postage prices, the country I received the letter from and wether or not I feel the letter needs a reply. The UK, Ireland and Europe are normally within my price range.@{fg shine} @endnode @node Update "Update Information" @{fg shine} * LanguageGUI has now been updated to V3.00. It is OS39+ only as it is now written in MC68020 Assembly. * TAGALOG has been updated to V3.00 * GERMAN V2.21 has been updated to, this, GERMAN V3.00 * As of today (26.3.2001) this is the last public release of LGUI GERMAN, which is GERMAN V3.00. If I do another update (which I doubt) you can get it from me only@{fg text} @{" Contacting The Author " Link "Help"} @{fg shine} * New ENGLISH Speech Files - Created so that Germans can learn English with Speech, aswell as with Words/Sentences. @{fg fill} LGUI GERMAN V3.00 does not include the German speech files, due to me accidently deleting them. @{fg shine} * Take this version (V3.00) as V1.00 - The official release of LGUI GERMAN. Normally (with LGUI TAGALOG for example) I release an official version of an LGUI Language and then do any fine tuning/correcting by the time the second release is ready. The second release is usually release one with the Speech finely tuned/corrected slightly and perhaps a few corrections to the Word/Sentence files. The word/sentence files are usually minor corrections, as these files are well referenced/checked before the first release).@{fg fill} @endnode