In English history, one of the Presbyterian
Christians who swore to uphold their forms of
worship in a National
Covenant, signed 28 Feb 1638, when Charles I
attempted to introduce a liturgy on the
English model into Scotland. A general
assembly abolished episcopacy, and in 1643
the Covenanters signed with the English
Parliament the Solemn League and Covenant,
promising military aid in return for the
establishment of Presbyterianism in England.
A Scottish army entered England and fought at
Marston Moor 1644. At the Restoration Charles
II revived episcopacy in Scotland, evicting
resisting ministers, so that revolts followed
in 1666, 1679, and 1685. However,
Presbyterianism was again restored in 1688.