City in Provence, France, capital of Vaucluse departement, on the river Rhone NW of Marseilles; population (1982) 174,000. It was an important Gallic and Roman city, and has 14th-century walls, a 12th-century bridge (only half still standing), a 13th-century cathedral, and a palace built 1334-42 during the residence here of the popes. Avignon was papal property 1348-1791. Subject by: Russell Webb