1864-1920. German sociologist, one of the
founders of modern sociology. He emphasized
cultural and political factors as key
influences on economic development and
individual behaviour. Weber argued for a
scientific and value-free approach to
research, yet highlighted the importance of
meaning and consciousness in understanding
social action. His ideas continue to
stimulate thought on social stratification,
power, organizations, law, and religion. Key
works include The Protestant Ethic and the
Spirit of Capitalism 1902, Economy and
Society 1922, The Methodology of the Social
Sciences 1949, and The Sociology of Religion
1920.