1823-1905. English engineer who invented the
self-propelled torpedo in 1866. He developed
the torpedo in Austria and within two years
of its invention was manufacturing 4 m/13 ft
torpedoes which could carry a 9 kg/20 lb
dynamite warhead at a speed of 7 knots,
subsequently improved to 29 knots. They were
powered by compressed air and had a balancing
mechanism and, later, gyroscopic controls.