1822-1895. French chemist and microbiologist
who discovered that fermentation is caused by
microorganisms. He also developed a vaccine
for rabies, which led to the foundation of
the Institut Pasteur in Paris 1888. Pasteur
saved the French silkworm industry by
identifying two microbial diseases that were
decimating the worms. He discovered the
pathogens responsible for anthrax and chicken
cholera, and developed vaccines for these
diseases. He inspired his pupil Lister's work
in antiseptic surgery. Pasteurization to make
dairy products free from the tuberculosis
bacteria is is based on his discoveries; see
also food technology.