Industrial city (brewing, printing, precision
instruments, machinery, electrical goods,
textiles), capital of Bavaria, West Germany,
on the river Isar; population (1986)
1,269,400. features Munich owes many of its
buildings and art treasures to the kings
Ludwig I and Maximilian II of Bavaria. The
cathedral is late 15th century. The Alte
Pinakothek contains paintings by old masters,
the Neue Pinakothek, modern paintings; there
is the Bavarian National Museum, the Bavarian
State Library, and the Deutsches Museum
(science and technology). The university,
founded at Ingolstadt 1472, was transferred
to Munich 1826; to the NE at Garching there
is a nuclear research centre. history Dating
from the 12th century, Munich became the
residence of the dukes of Wittelsbach in the
13th century, and the capital of independent
Bavaria. It was the scene of the Nov
revolution of 1918, the `Soviet' republic of
1919, and the Hitler putsch of 1923. It
became the centre of the Nazi movement, and
the Munich Agreement of 1938 was signed
there. When the 1972 Summer Olympics were
held in Munich, a number of Israeli athletes
were killed by guerrillas.