1901-1976. French writer. An active
anti-fascist, he gained international renown
for his novel La Condition humaine/Man's
Estate 1933, set during the
Nationalist/Communist Revolution in China in
the 1920s. L'Espoir/Days of Hope 1937 is set
in Civil War Spain, where he was a bomber
pilot in the International Brigade. In World
War II he supported the Gaullist resistance,
and was minister of cultural affairs 1960-69.