1924- . Zambian politician. Imprisoned in
1958-60 as founder of the Zambia African
National Congress, he became in 1964 first
prime minister of Northern Rhodesia, then
first president of Zambia. In 1973 he
introduced one-party rule. He supported the
nationalist movement in Southern Rhodesia,
now Zimbabwe, and survived a coup attempt
1980 thought to have been promoted by South
Africa. He was elected chair of the
Organization of African Unity 1987. In 1990
his popularity fell and he was faced with
wide anti-government demonstrations.