1859-1914. French socialist politician and
advocate of international peace. He was a
lecturer in philosophy at Toulouse until his
election in 1885 as a deputy (member of
parliament). In 1893 he joined the Socialist
Party, established a united party, and in
1904 founded the newspaper L'Humanite,
becoming its editor until his assassination.

Java, or Jawa
The most important island of Indonesia, 
situated between Sumatra and Bali area (with 
the island of Madura) 132,000 sq km/51,000 
sq mi capital Jakarta (also capital of 
Indonesia) towns ports include Surabaja and 
Semarang physical about half the island is 
under cultivation, the rest being thickly
forested. Mountains and sea breezes keep
temperatures down, but humidity is high, with
heavy rainfall from Dec to Mar features a
chain of mountains, some of which are
volcanic, runs along the centre, rising to
2,750 m/9,000 ft. The highest mountain,
Semeru (3,676 m/12,060 ft) is in the E
products rice, coffee, cocoa, tea, sugar,
rubber, quinine, teak, petroleum population
(with Madura; 1980) 91,270,000; including
people of Javanese, Sundanese, and Madurese
origin, with differing languages religion
predominantly Muslim history Fossilized early
human remains (Homo erectus) were discovered
1891-92. In central Java there are ruins of
magnificent Buddhist monuments and of the
Sivaite temple in Prambanan.