1887-1940. Jamaican political thinker and
activist, an early advocate of black
nationalism. He founded the UNIA (Universal
Negro Improvement Association) in 1914, and
moved to the USA in 1916, where he
established branches in New York and other
northern cities. Aiming to achieve human
rights and dignity for black people through
black pride and economic self-sufficiency, he
was considered one of the first militant
black nationalists. He led a Back to Africa
movement for black Americans to establish a
black-governed country in Africa.
Rastafarianism is based largely on his ideas.