1601-1665. French mathematician, who with
Blaise Pascal founded the theory of
probability and the modern theory of numbers
and who made contributions to analytical
geometry. Fermat's last theorem states that
equations of the form x^n + y^n = z^n where
x, y, z, and n are all integers have no
solutions if n > 2. There is no general proof
of this, so it constitutes a conjecture
rather than a theorem.