The application of scientific methods to the
study of mental processes and behaviour. This
covers a wide range of fields of study
including: human and animal learning in which
learning theories describe how new behaviours
are acquired and modified; cognition, the
study of a number of functions, such as
perception, attention, memory, and language;
physiological psychology, which relates the
study of cognition to different regions of
the brain. Artificial intelligence refers to
the computer simulation of cognitive
processes, such as language and
problem-solving.