1330-1376. Prince of Wales, eldest son of
Edward III of England. The epithet (probably
posthumous) may refer to his black armour.
During the Hundred Years' War he fought at
the Battle of Crecy 1346 and captured the
French king at Poitiers 1356. He ruled
Aquitaine 1360-71; during the revolt that
eventually ousted him, he caused the massacre
of Limoges 1370. In 1367 he invaded Castile
and restored to the throne the deposed king,
Pedro the Cruel (1334-69).