1873-1944. US surgeon born in France, whose
experiments paved the way for organ
transplantation. Working at the Rockefeller
Institute in New York City, he devised a way
of joining blood vessels end to end
(anastomosing). This was a key move in the
development of transplant surgery, as was his
work on keeping organs viable outside the
body, for which he was awarded the Nobel
Prize for Medicine in 1912.