In British history, the struggle in the
middle years of the 17th century between the
king and the Royalists (Cavaliers) on one
side, and the
Parliamentarians (also called Roundheads) on
the other. The Parliamentarians under
Cromwell dealt a series of defeats to
Charles, executing him 1649, and Cromwell
made himself Protector (ruler) until the
Restoration of the monarchy 1660. chronology
1642 On 22 Aug Charles I raised his standard
at Nottingham. The Battle of Edgehill on 23
Oct was indecisive. 1644 The Battle of
Marston Moor on 2 July was a victory for the
Parliamentarians under Cromwell. 1645 The
Battle of Naseby on 14 June was a decisive
victory for Cromwell. 1646 On 5 May 1646
Charles surrendered to the Scottish army.
1648 A Royalist and Presbyterian rising from
Mar to Aug was soon crushed by Cromwell and
his New Model Army. 1649 Charles was beheaded
on 30 Jan.