FA15 Burns Scalds & Heat 25 0 Burns can be caused by wet or dry heat, chemicals, radiationor electricity. What type of burns are SCALDS? Caused by "wet" heat Chemical burns Any superficial burn Radiation burns How is the severity of a burn usually classified? According to -------- Its area and depth Its primary cause Whether a wet or dry burn Its depth Burns which cause tenderness, redness and some swelling but no blisters are referred to aswhat type of burns? Superficial Intermediate Deep Scalds Why is it that deep burns involving all layers of the skin can be less painful than intermediate burns? Deep burns destroy nerves Shock reduces levels of pain More adrenalin released Deep burns do not blister For superficial burns, what size of burn do you think would require hospital treatment? (% of body area) 9% or more 1-3% 4-5% What is the general treatment for a burn injury? The affected area should be immediately ......... Cooled with running water Covered with dressings Cleaned and dressed Smeared with ointment When treating a burn or scald by cooling with cold running water, how long should the treatment persist? 10 mins. or until pain eases Only a few seconds 1 minute A few hours What should you do about rings, watches and bracelets when treating a burnt or scalded casualty? Remove them from burnt areas Make sure they're not damaged Leave them in place Make sure they're not stolen Should you apply ointment to a burn? If so, what type? Nothing should be applied Antiseptic ointment Antihistamine cream Butter Why must you never break blisters which result from burns or scalds? Risk of infection increases Because it can be painful Serum inside is poisonous It is unlucky If it is necessary to apply a dressing to a burnt or scaldedarea, what type should you use? Sterile, non medicated Self adhesive Pressure bandage Cold compress In cases of severe burns, lossof serum from the circulatory system into the burnt area cancause which serious condition? Shock Tetanus Pneumonia Stroke If a severely burnt casualty is conscious, why is it beneficial to give him sips ofwater frequently? To replace lost fluid To quench his thirst To help reassure him To help cool the burnt tissue What is the immediate First Aid treatment for burns causedby chemicals? Cold running water for 10 mins Apply an antidote Remove patient to hospital Apply a sterile dressing If an eye is contaminated by chemicals, what must you be careful to avoid whilst irrigating the area? Contaminating the other eye Causing too much distress Damaging patient's clothing Water entering the nose Burns caused by contact with electricity may be visible at entry and exit points. How arethe burns often deceptive? Internal damage is concealed Appear worse than they are What should you arrange as a matter of urgency in all casesof severe burns? Removal of patient to hospital To advise next of kin To write down a full history To remove burnt clothing What are the two conditions which can occur when the body is exposed to low temperaturesfor long periods? Frostbite and Hypothermia Frostbite and Hyperthermia Cold sores and Frostbite Colitis and Hypothermia Adults suffering from Hypo- thermia will feel miserably cold and may be constantly shivering. Their skin will be? Very cold and pale Warm but very pale Bright red and very cold How would you expect the pulseand breathing rates to be in apatient suffering from hypothermia? Pulse and breathing slow Rapid pulse, shallow breathing Strong pulse, rapid breathing Pulse and breathing rapid When treating hypothermia whatshould you give the patient toeat or drink? Hot sweet drinks Brandy Iced water Nothing whatsoever A baby suffering from hypo- thermia would seem quiet, limpand drowsy. How would it look? Pink and healthy Extremely pale Bluish Ashen grey Ears, nose, chin, fingers and toes can be affected by frostbite. What should you useto re-warm an affected part? Hot water or warm part of body An electric fire Violent massage Steam from a kettle If someone had HEAT EXHAUSTIONaccompanied by muscular crampsin lower limbs or abdomen, what would you give him? Water with a little salt added Brandy Hot sweet drinks Cold water Heatstroke (sunstroke) causes a very high temperature and a full bounding pulse. What is the immediate requirement? To cool the casualty To seek medical aid To give patient water