FA14 Joints and Muscles 25 0 What is a "voluntary" muscle? One under control of the will One which works during sleep One which causes a reflex jerk A "bouncer" at a disco What is the name of the strongfibrous tissues which attach muscles to bones? Tendons Ligaments Cartilage Sutures What forms a smooth covering over the ends of bones to minimise friction during movement? Cartilage Ligaments Blood vessels A thin layer of muscle What are the strong bands of tissue called which provide extra strength at a joint? Ligaments Tendons Muscles Cartilage What is the name of the network of nerves which control involuntary muscles? eg muscles of the heart The Autonomic System The Automatic System The Lymphatic System The Endocrine System The shoulder is known as whichtype of joint? Hinge Ball and socket Immovable Slightly movable Ball and socket Hinge Slightly movable Immovable What is the name of the injurywhich occurs when a muscle is over-stretched or torn? Strain Sprain Torn ligament Cramp A strain usually involves sudden, sharp pain and later swelling at the site. What is the aim of First Aid? To get the patient to hospital To check it is not a fracture To exercise the injured part To ensure patient doesn't move Is it helpful to apply a cold compress to a strain injury? Yes, if it occurred recently No, it will not help No, it is very dangerous Yes, after 2-3 hours What is the name of the injurywhich occurs when the tissues and ligaments around a joint are wrenched or torn? Sprain Strain Arthritis Ataxia If a patient is suffering froma sprain, how does it feel if he attempts to move the joint? Very painful Numb Quite normal Stiff How would you expect a joint to appear if it had been "sprained"? Swollen and later, bruised With no signs of damage Deformed and irregular Almost normal The purpose of applying a coldcompress to a sprained joint is to .........? reduce pain and swelling speed up the healing process prevent infection remove heat produced by injury What other treatment could youuse for a sprain as an alternative to applying a coldcompress? Firm bandage over cotton wool Encourage active exercise A very tight bandage Rub in butter or margarine What is the name of the injurywhen strong force on a joint causes one or more bones to become displaced? Dislocation Displacement Sprain Pott's fracture How does a dislocation affect the patient's ability to move the associated limb(s)? The joint will be "fixed" Unrestricted movement possible Crepitus prevents all movement There will be no effect Should a First Aider attempt to replace bones to their normal positions when treatinga dislocation? Definitely not Only if it's a shoulder joint Only if the casualty asks Only if it's an elbow joint A "missed kick" can cause tearing or displacement of thesemi-lunar cartilages in the knee joint, resulting in what? A locked knee and severe pain A strain A sprain Severe internal bleeding When treating a patient with a"locked knee" in which position should you place the leg/knee before bandaging? Do not bend or straighten knee Fully bent Straight Straight with the leg raised Which condition would you be treating if you were trying tostretch a muscle at the same time as applying massage? Cramp A strain A sprain Locked knee What is the name of the heart condition caused by electric shock when the heart muscles quiver instead of contracting? Fibrillation Cardiac arrest Ventricular fibrosis Fibrositis What is the name of the fluid which acts as a lubricant for joints? Synovial fluid Amniotic fluid Lymphatic fluid Cerebro-spinal fluid Where is the pain most likely to be in a case of displaced cartilage of the knee? Inner side of knee Outer side of knee Back of knee Front of knee How does a muscle apply power and what happens to its lengthas movement occurs? The muscle..........becoming............ contracts; shorter and fatter relaxes; shorter and thinner contracts; longer and thinner expands; longer and fatter If in doubt of the diagnosis of a sprain, strain or dislocation what treatment should be given? Treat as a fracture Give no treatment at all Wait for other signs to appear Ask patient's advice