^		

YEAR	EVENT
c.25,000	Small clay models and
	carvings such as the Venus of
	Willendorf, probably a magic
	fertility symbol, made by
	Palaeolithic man.
4500-400	Western Asian civilisations,
	including those based at Ur,
	Nineveh and Persepolis,
	developed majestic carvings
	and relief's.
2700	Figurines produced by
-2300	the Cycladic culture.
c.2530	The Sphinx, one of the world's
	largest sculptures, built in
	the Egyptian Old Kingdom.
2000	The Minoan civilisation,
-1450	based at Knossos in Crete,
	produced the 'bull's head'
	sacrificial vessel.
From	Oceanic culture carved
2000	the giant Easter Island
	statues.
1500	Mycenaean civilisation
-1200	expressed itself in violent
	images and work in gold.
1379	Heads of Nefertiti and
-1361	Akhenaten carved in the
	Egyptian New Kingdom.
From	Central and West African
500	sculpture developed.
c.500	Ancient Greek Statues attained
	a naturalistic style, while
	Etruscans adapted the Greek
	style freely yet more crudely.
500 BC0	Traditional Celtic curvilinear
-AD 800	plants, animals and abstract
	designs flowered again with
	early British and Irish
	Christianity.
460-	Myron's 'The Discus Thrower',
-450 BC	a Greek bronze now surviving
	only in the form of a Roman
	marble copy, achieved a
	striking naturalism and
	sense of movement.
c. 490	The sculptor Phidias
-417	supervised the relief's for
	the Parthenon in Athens.
c.400	The Olmecs in Central America
	created colossal stone heads
	and fine sculptures in
	jade, bronze and clay.
350	Praxiteles executed the famous
-330	Aphrodite of Knidos, the first
	Greek life-size free-standing
	female nude.
323	The Hellenistic period achieved
-31	more complex forms with the
	Venus de Milo, the Winged
	Victory of Samothrace, Dying
	Gaul and Laocoon.
75	Portrait busts (a new form),
	monuments and sarcophagi
	celebrated the achievements
	of great Romans.

AD
YEAR	EVENT
106	Trajan's Column was the most
-113	complex example of Roman
	monumental art.
330	Byzantine Christianity,
-1453	established in the eastern
	Roman Empire, Russia and
	Greece, specifically
	excluded religious sculpture.
From	Japanese Buddhist and later
580	portrait sculpture flourished.
780	The Carolingian and Ottonian
-1050	period revived Roman aims.
800	The Romanesque style,
-1275	epitomised in the works of
	Gislebertus at Autun, united
	Celtic and Roman forms in
	early stone churches.
c.1154	Chartres Cathedral marked
	the triumph of the
	spiritualised Gothic style,
	incorporating new serenity
	in the portrayal of figures.
1258	Pulpits carved by the Pisano
-1314	brothers developed a more
	classical form of Gothic
	church sculpture.
1380	Claus Sluter achieved a new
-1406	psychological realism in work
	on Philip the Bold's tomb.
1404	Ghiberti sculpted the panels
-1452	for the four great bronze
	doors for the Baptistery
	in Florence.
	Having begun the first pair
	in the graceful International
	Gothic style, his second pair,
	The Gates of Paradise,
	represent a masterpiece of
	the Early Renaissance.
1430	Donatello, a pupil of
-1432	Ghiberti, developed a new
	vital realism in sculpture.
	His David became the first
	free-standing life-size bronze
	since antiquity.
1502	Michelangelo's Pietà,
-1504	completed during the Italian
	High Renaissance, revealed
	the artist's grandeur of
	vision, portraying a
	Christian subject with all
	the magnificence of
	rediscovered classical form.
1540	Cellini achieved fame as a
-1600	goldsmith and sculptor in
	the Mannerist style.
1587	Giambologna's Rape of the
-1595	Sabine was a high point of
	Mannerist movement and the
	first statue requiring to be
	seen from all angles.
1615	Bernini produced light and
-1680	fluid forms that seemed to
	defy the weight of the marble
	in the High Baroque style.
1787	Canova's Cupid and Psyche
-1793	expressed the neo-classical
	ideal of the late 18th century.
1875	In works such as The Kiss,
-1898	Balzac, and The Thinker,
	Rodin's romanticism
	dissolved the classical
	tradition of sculpture.
1880	Degas's only displayed piece,
	The Little 14-year-old Dancer,
	was acclaimed as the first
	modern sculpture.
1906	Brancusi evolved a simplified,
-1910	abstract vocabulary for
	modern sculpture.
1900	Matisse's sculptures revealed
-1931	formal simplifications that
	parallel his paintings.
1913	Boccioni developed Futurist
	sculpture, which aimed to
	express movement and the
	space around objects.
1913	Jacob Epstein's achievement
-1940	in sculpture embraced
	vorticism, expressionist
	portraits and religious
	monuments.
1912	Marcel Duchamp revolutionised
-1966	traditional notions of art
	and artist by incorporating
	ready-made and found objects.
1916	Dadaists such as Schwitters
-1924	and Arp included found objects,
	collage and unorthodox
	materials for their
	anarchistic work.
1909	Picasso's career as a
-1973	sculptor paralleled and
	complemented that of his
	painting throughout his many
	styles.
c.1920	Rodchenko, El Lissitisky,
	Tatlin, Gabo and Pevsner
	developed a constructivist
	art to express revolutionary
	ideals.
1924	Henry Moore explored the
-1986	human form, in varying degrees
	of abstraction, often in
	monumental pieces.
From	Arp, Ernst and Miro developed
1924	sculpture as a surrealist
	medium.
From	Wire and mobile sculptures
1928	created by Calder. (Kinetic
	sculpture subsequently
	developed from the mid-50s
	by Tinguely and Takis).
1931	Barbara Hepworth developed
-1975	Brancusi's process of
	simplification into the
	realms of pure form.
1933	In the USA, David Smith
-1965	pursued metal sculpture in
	the wake of Picasso's
	experiments, an approach
	further developed by Caro
	since the 60s.
1935	Giacometti's slender, rough
-1966	figures expressed the
	alienation of modern
	mid-century man.
From	An explosion of new
1960s	approaches to art, employing
	a wide variety of new
	materials or no materials
	at all, and undermining
	the traditional notion of
	sculpture itself:
	Pop, Minimal, Happenings,
	Environmental, Performance,
	Body, Land, Earth and
	Conceptual Art.