/* * ping.c * * Created : Thu Apr 15 09:48:07 1993 ppessi * Last modified: Wed Oct 20 16:59:14 1993 jraja */ static const char version[] = "$VER: ping 2.1 (21.10.93)"; char copyright[] = "@(#) Copyright © 1983 The Regents of the University of California.\n" "All rights reserved.\n" "Copyright © 1993 AmiTCP/IP Group, \n" "Helsinki University of Technology, Finland.\n" "All rights reserved.\n"; /****** netutil.doc/ping **************************************************** * * NAME * ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts * * SYNOPSIS * ping [-dfnqrvR] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern] * [-s packetsize] * * DESCRIPTION * Ping uses the ICMP protocol's mandatory ECHO_REQUEST datagram to * elicit an ICMP ECHO_RESPONSE from a host or gateway. ECHO_REQUEST * datagrams (``pings'') have an IP and ICMP header, followed by a * ``struct timeval'' and then an arbitrary number of ``pad'' bytes * used to fill out the packet. The options are as follows: Other * options are: * * -c count * Stop after sending (and receiving) count ECHO_RESPONSE * packets. * * -d Set the SO_DEBUG option on the socket being used. * * -f Flood ping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or * one hundred times per second, whichever is more. For every * ECHO_REQUEST sent a period ``.'' is printed, while for ever * ECHO_REPLY received a backspace is printed. This provides a * rapid display of how many packets are being dropped. Only * the super-user may use this option. This can be very hard * on a network and should be used with caution. * * -i wait * Wait wait seconds between sending each packet. The default * is to wait for one second between each packet. This option * is incompatible with the -f option. * * -l preload * If preload is specified, ping sends that many packets as * fast as possible before falling into its normal mode of * behavior. * * -n Numeric output only. No attempt will be made to lookup * symbolic names for host addresses. * * -p pattern * You may specify up to 16 ``pad'' bytes to fill out the * packet you send. This is useful for diagnosing * data-dependent problems in a network. For example, ``-p * ff'' will cause the sent packet to be filled with all ones. * * -q Quiet output. Nothing is displayed except the summary lines * at startup time and when finished. * * -R Record route. Includes the RECORD_ROUTE option in the * ECHO_REQUEST packet and displays the route buffer on * returned packets. Note that the IP header is only large * enough for nine such routes. Many hosts ignore or discard * this option. * * -r Bypass the normal routing tables and send directly to a host * on an attached network. If the host is not on a * directly-attached network, an error is returned. This * option can be used to ping a local host through an interface * that has no route through it. * * -s packetsize * Specifies the number of data bytes to be sent. The default * is 56, which translates into 64 ICMP data bytes when * combined with the 8 bytes of ICMP header data. * * -v Verbose output. ICMP packets other than ECHO_RESPONSE that * are received are listed. * * When using ping for fault isolation, it should first be run on the * local host, to verify that the local network interface is up and * running. Then, hosts and gateways further and further away should * be ``pinged''. Round-trip times and packet loss statistics are * computed. If duplicate packets are received, they are not included * in the packet loss calculation, although the round trip time of * these packets is used in calculating the minimum/average/maximum * round-trip time numbers. When the specified number of packets have * been sent (and received) or if the program is terminated with a * SIGINT, a brief summary is displayed. * * This program is intended for use in network testing, measurement and * management. Because of the load it can impose on the network, it is * unwise to use ping during normal operations or from automated * scripts. * * ICMP PACKET DETAILS * An IP header without options is 20 bytes. An ICMP ECHO_REQUEST * packet contains an additional 8 bytes worth of ICMP header followed * by an arbitrary amount of data. When a packetsize is given, this * indicated the size of this extra piece of data (the default is 56). * Thus the amount of data received inside of an IP packet of type ICMP * ECHO_REPLY will always be 8 bytes more than the requested data space * (the ICMP header). * * If the data space is at least eight bytes large, ping uses the first * eight bytes of this space to include a timestamp which it uses in * the computation of round trip times. If less than eight bytes of * pad are specified, no round trip times are given. * * DUPLICATE AND DAMAGED PACKETS * Ping will report duplicate and damaged packets. Duplicate packets * should never occur, and seem to be caused by inappropriate * link-level retransmissions. Duplicates may occur in many situations * and are rarely (if ever) a good sign, although the presence of low * levels of duplicates may not always be cause for alarm. * * Damaged packets are obviously serious cause for alarm and often * indicate broken hardware somewhere in the ping packet's path (in the * network or in the hosts). * * TRYING DIFFERENT DATA PATTERNS * The (inter)network layer should never treat packets differently * depending on the data contained in the data portion. Unfortunately, * data-dependent problems have been known to sneak into networks and * remain undetected for long periods of time. In many cases the * particular pattern that will have problems is something that doesn't * have sufficient ``transitions'', such as all ones or all zeros, or a * pattern right at the edge, such as almost all zeros. It isn't * necessarily enough to specify a data pattern of all zeros (for * example) on the command line because the pattern that is of interest * is at the data link level, and the relationship between what you * type and what the controllers transmit can be complicated. * * This means that if you have a data-dependent problem you will * probably have to do a lot of testing to find it. If you are lucky, * you may manage to find a file that either can't be sent across your * network or that takes much longer to transfer than other similar * length files. You can then examine this file for repeated patterns * that you can test using the -p option of ping. * * TTL DETAILS * The TTL value of an IP packet represents the maximum number of IP * routers that the packet can go through before being thrown away. In * current practice you can expect each router in the Internet to * decrement the TTL field by exactly one. * * The TCP/IP specification states that the TTL field for TCP packets * should be set to 60, but many systems use smaller values (4.3 BSD * uses 30, 4.2 used 15). The AmiTCP/IP uses normally TTL value 30. * * The maximum possible value of this field is 255, and most systems * set the TTL field of ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to 255. This is why * you will find you can ``ping'' some hosts, but not reach them with * telnet or ftp. * * In normal operation ping prints the ttl value from the packet it re- * ceives. When a remote system receives a ping packet, it can do one * of three things with the TTL field in its response: * * · Not change it; this is what Berkeley Unix systems did before the * 4.3BSD-Tahoe release. In this case the TTL value in the * received packet will be 255 minus the number of routers in the * round-trip path. * * · Set it to 255; this is what AmiTCP/IP and current Berkeley Unix * systems do. In this case the TTL value in the received packet * will be 255 minus the number of routers in the path from the * remote system to the pinging host. * * · Set it to some other value. Some machines use the same value * for ICMP packets that they use for TCP packets, for example * either 30 or 60. Others may use completely wild values. * * BUGS * Many Hosts and Gateways ignore the RECORD_ROUTE option. * * The maximum IP header length is too small for options like * RECORD_ROUTE to be completely useful. There's not much that that * can be done about this, however. * * Flood pinging is not recommended in general, and flood pinging the * broadcast address should only be done under very controlled * conditions. * * SEE ALSO * netstat, ifconfig * * AUTHOR * The ping command originally appeared in 4.3BSD. * ***************************************************************************** * */ /* * P I N G . C * * Using the InterNet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) "ECHO" facility, * measure round-trip-delays and packet loss across network paths. * * Author - * Mike Muuss * U. S. Army Ballistic Research Laboratory * December, 1983 * * Status - * Public Domain. Distribution Unlimited. * Bugs - * More statistics could always be gathered. */ #ifdef AMIGA #if __SASC #include #elif __GNUC__ #include #else #include #endif #define ioctl IoctlSocket /* Correct prototype for the CheckIO. * (The one in clib/exec_protos.h has wrong return value type: BOOL (16 bits) * instead of a pointer (32 bits)!) */ struct IORequest * CheckIO(struct IORequest *req); #endif /* AMIGA */ #include #include #include #ifdef __SASC #include #else #include #include #endif #include #include #include #include #include #include #include /* #include */ #include #include #include #include #define DEFDATALEN (64 - 8) /* default data length */ #define MAXIPLEN 60 #define MAXICMPLEN 76 #define MAXPACKET (65536 - 60 - 8)/* max packet size */ #define MAXWAIT 10 /* max seconds to wait for response */ #define NROUTES 9 /* number of record route slots */ #define A(bit) rcvd_tbl[(bit)>>3] /* identify byte in array */ #define B(bit) (1 << ((bit) & 0x07)) /* identify bit in byte */ #define SET(bit) (A(bit) |= B(bit)) #define CLR(bit) (A(bit) &= (~B(bit))) #define TST(bit) (A(bit) & B(bit)) /* various options */ int options; #define F_FLOOD 0x001 #define F_INTERVAL 0x002 #define F_NUMERIC 0x004 #define F_PINGFILLED 0x008 #define F_QUIET 0x010 #define F_RROUTE 0x020 #define F_SO_DEBUG 0x040 #define F_SO_DONTROUTE 0x080 #define F_VERBOSE 0x100 /* * MAX_DUP_CHK is the number of bits in received table, i.e. the maximum * number of received sequence numbers we can keep track of. Change 128 * to 8192 for complete accuracy... */ #define MAX_DUP_CHK (8 * 128) int mx_dup_ck = MAX_DUP_CHK; char rcvd_tbl[MAX_DUP_CHK / 8]; struct sockaddr whereto; /* who to ping */ int datalen = DEFDATALEN; int s = -1; /* socket file descriptor */ u_char outpack[MAXPACKET]; char BSPACE = '\b'; /* characters written for flood */ char DOT = '.'; char *hostname; long ident; /* process id to identify our packets */ /* counters */ long npackets; /* max packets to transmit */ long nreceived; /* # of packets we got back */ long nrepeats; /* number of duplicates */ long ntransmitted; /* sequence # for outbound packets = #sent */ int interval = 1; /* interval between packets */ /* timing */ int timing; /* flag to do timing */ long tmin = LONG_MAX; /* minimum round trip time */ long tmax; /* maximum round trip time */ u_long tsum; /* sum of all times, for doing average */ char *pr_addr(u_long l); void catcher(void), pinger(void), finish(void), usage(void); void pr_pack(char *buf, int cc, struct sockaddr_in *from); void pr_icmph(struct icmp *icp); void pr_iph(struct ip *ip); void pr_retip(struct ip *ip); void fill(char *bp, char *patp); int in_cksum(u_short *addr, int len); void tvsub(register struct timeval *out, register struct timeval *in); #ifdef AMIGA /* * Other Amiga dependent stuff */ #ifdef __SASC #include #include extern struct ExecBase *SysBase; #endif #include #define getpid(x) ((ULONG)FindTask(NULL)) /* This is only for ident... */ struct MsgPort *timerport = NULL; struct timerequest *timermsg = NULL; BOOL notopen = TRUE; #define TimerBase (timermsg->tr_node.io_Device) void clean_timer(void) { if (timermsg) { if (!notopen) { if (!CheckIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg)) { AbortIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); WaitIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } CloseDevice((struct IORequest*)timermsg); notopen = TRUE; } DeleteIORequest(timermsg); timermsg = NULL; } if (timerport) { DeleteMsgPort(timerport); timerport = NULL; } } #endif main(argc, argv) int argc; char **argv; { extern int errno, optind; extern char *optarg; struct timeval timeout; struct hostent *hp; struct sockaddr_in *to; struct protoent *proto; register int i; int ch, fdmask, hold, packlen, preload; u_char *datap, *packet; char *target, hnamebuf[MAXHOSTNAMELEN], *malloc(); #ifdef IP_OPTIONS char rspace[3 + 4 * NROUTES + 1]; /* record route space */ #endif #ifdef AMIGA ULONG timermask; #endif preload = 0; datap = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; while ((ch = getopt(argc, argv, "Rc:dfh:i:l:np:qrs:v")) != EOF) switch(ch) { case 'c': npackets = atoi(optarg); if (npackets <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad number of packets to transmit.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'd': options |= F_SO_DEBUG; break; case 'f': #ifndef AMIGA if (getuid()) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: %s\n", strerror(EPERM)); exit(1); } #endif options |= F_FLOOD; setbuf(stdout, (char *)NULL); break; case 'i': /* wait between sending packets */ interval = atoi(optarg); if (interval <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad timing interval.\n"); exit(1); } options |= F_INTERVAL; break; case 'l': preload = atoi(optarg); if (preload < 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: bad preload value.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'n': options |= F_NUMERIC; break; case 'p': /* fill buffer with user pattern */ options |= F_PINGFILLED; fill((char *)datap, optarg); break; case 'q': options |= F_QUIET; break; case 'R': options |= F_RROUTE; break; case 'r': options |= F_SO_DONTROUTE; break; case 's': /* size of packet to send */ datalen = atoi(optarg); if (datalen > MAXPACKET) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet size too large.\n"); exit(1); } if (datalen <= 0) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: illegal packet size.\n"); exit(1); } break; case 'v': options |= F_VERBOSE; break; default: usage(); } argc -= optind; argv += optind; if (argc != 1) usage(); target = *argv; bzero((char *)&whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); to = (struct sockaddr_in *)&whereto; to->sin_len = sizeof(*to); to->sin_family = AF_INET; to->sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(target); if (to->sin_addr.s_addr != (u_int)-1) hostname = target; else { hp = gethostbyname(target); if (!hp) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown host %s\n", target); exit(1); } to->sin_family = hp->h_addrtype; bcopy(hp->h_addr, (caddr_t)&to->sin_addr, hp->h_length); (void)strncpy(hnamebuf, hp->h_name, sizeof(hnamebuf) - 1); hostname = hnamebuf; } if (options & F_FLOOD && options & F_INTERVAL) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: -f and -i incompatible options.\n"); exit(1); } if (datalen >= sizeof(struct timeval)) /* can we time transfer */ timing = 1; packlen = datalen + MAXIPLEN + MAXICMPLEN; if (!(packet = (u_char *)malloc((u_int)packlen))) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: out of memory.\n"); exit(1); } if (!(options & F_PINGFILLED)) for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i) *datap++ = i; ident = getpid() & 0xFFFF; if (!(proto = getprotobyname("icmp"))) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: unknown protocol icmp.\n"); exit(1); } #ifdef AMIGA signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); atexit(clean_timer); timerport = CreateMsgPort(); if (!timerport) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not create timer port.\n"); exit(1); } timermask = 1<mp_SigBit; timermsg = CreateIORequest(timerport, sizeof(*timermsg)); if (!timermsg) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not create timer message.\n"); exit(1); } if (notopen = OpenDevice("timer.device", UNIT_MICROHZ, (struct IORequest *)timermsg, 0)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: could not open timer device.\n"); exit(1); } timermsg->tr_node.io_Command = TR_ADDREQUEST; timermsg->tr_time.tv_secs = 1L; timermsg->tr_time.tv_micro = 0L; /* don't confuse CheckIO */ timermsg->tr_node.io_Message.mn_Node.ln_Type = NT_REPLYMSG; SetSocketSignals(timermask | SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C, 0L, 0L); #endif if ((s = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_RAW, proto->p_proto)) < 0) { perror("ping: socket"); exit(1); } hold = 1; if (options & F_SO_DEBUG) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DEBUG, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (options & F_SO_DONTROUTE) (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_DONTROUTE, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); /* record route option */ if (options & F_RROUTE) { #ifdef IP_OPTIONS rspace[IPOPT_OPTVAL] = IPOPT_RR; rspace[IPOPT_OLEN] = sizeof(rspace)-1; rspace[IPOPT_OFFSET] = IPOPT_MINOFF; if (setsockopt(s, IPPROTO_IP, IP_OPTIONS, rspace, sizeof(rspace)) < 0) { perror("ping: record route"); exit(1); } #else (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: record route not available in this implementation.\n"); exit(1); #endif /* IP_OPTIONS */ } /* * When pinging the broadcast address, you can get a lot of answers. * Doing something so evil is useful if you are trying to stress the * ethernet, or just want to fill the arp cache to get some stuff for * /etc/ethers. */ hold = 48 * 1024; (void)setsockopt(s, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, (char *)&hold, sizeof(hold)); if (to->sin_family == AF_INET) (void)printf("PING %s (%s): %d data bytes\n", hostname, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&to->sin_addr.s_addr), datalen); else (void)printf("PING %s: %d data bytes\n", hostname, datalen); #ifndef AMIGA (void)signal(SIGINT, finish); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); #endif while (preload--) /* fire off them quickies */ pinger(); if ((options & F_FLOOD) == 0) catcher(); /* start things going */ for (;;) { struct sockaddr_in from; register int cc; int fromlen; #ifdef AMIGA /* Check for special signals */ ULONG sm = SetSignal(0L, timermask | SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C); if (sm & SIGBREAKF_CTRL_C) finish(); if (sm & timermask && GetMsg(timerport)) catcher(); #endif if (options & F_FLOOD) { pinger(); timeout.tv_sec = 0; timeout.tv_usec = 10000; fdmask = 1 << s; if (select(s + 1, (fd_set *)&fdmask, (fd_set *)NULL, (fd_set *)NULL, &timeout) < 1) continue; } fromlen = sizeof(from); if ((cc = recvfrom(s, (char *)packet, packlen, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&from, &fromlen)) < 0) { if (errno == EINTR) continue; perror("ping: recvfrom"); continue; } pr_pack((char *)packet, cc, &from); if (npackets && nreceived >= npackets) break; } finish(); /* NOTREACHED */ } /* * catcher -- * This routine causes another PING to be transmitted, and then * schedules another SIGALRM for 1 second from now. * * bug -- * Our sense of time will slowly skew (i.e., packets will not be * launched exactly at 1-second intervals). This does not affect the * quality of the delay and loss statistics. * * notes -- * This routine uses timer.device in Amiga implementation instead * of SIGALRM. */ void catcher() { #ifdef AMIGA static int waittime = 0; if (waittime) finish(); pinger(); if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) { timermsg->tr_time.tv_sec = interval; SendIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } else { if (nreceived) { waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (!waittime) waittime = 1; } else waittime = MAXWAIT; timermsg->tr_time.tv_sec = waittime; SendIO((struct IORequest*)timermsg); } #else int waittime; pinger(); (void)signal(SIGALRM, catcher); if (!npackets || ntransmitted < npackets) alarm((u_int)interval); else { if (nreceived) { waittime = 2 * tmax / 1000; if (!waittime) waittime = 1; } else waittime = MAXWAIT; (void)signal(SIGALRM, finish); (void)alarm((u_int)waittime); } #endif } /* * pinger -- * Compose and transmit an ICMP ECHO REQUEST packet. The IP packet * will be added on by the kernel. The ID field is our process ID, * and the sequence number is an ascending integer. The first 8 bytes * of the data portion are used to hold a UNIX "timeval" struct in native * byte-order, to compute the round-trip time. */ void pinger() { register struct icmp *icp; register int cc; int i; icp = (struct icmp *)outpack; icp->icmp_type = ICMP_ECHO; icp->icmp_code = 0; icp->icmp_cksum = 0; icp->icmp_seq = ntransmitted++; icp->icmp_id = ident; /* ID */ CLR(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); if (timing) #ifdef AMIGA (void)ReadEClock((struct EClockVal *)&outpack[8]); #else (void)gettimeofday((struct timeval *)&outpack[8], (struct timezone *)NULL); #endif cc = datalen + 8; /* skips ICMP portion */ /* compute ICMP checksum here */ icp->icmp_cksum = in_cksum((u_short *)icp, cc); i = sendto(s, (char *)outpack, cc, 0, &whereto, sizeof(struct sockaddr)); if (i < 0 || i != cc) { if (i < 0) perror("ping: sendto"); (void)printf("ping: wrote %s %d chars, ret=%d\n", hostname, cc, i); } if (!(options & F_QUIET) && options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(1, &DOT, 1); } /* * pr_pack -- * Print out the packet, if it came from us. This logic is necessary * because ALL readers of the ICMP socket get a copy of ALL ICMP packets * which arrive ('tis only fair). This permits multiple copies of this * program to be run without having intermingled output (or statistics!). */ void pr_pack(buf, cc, from) char *buf; int cc; struct sockaddr_in *from; { register struct icmp *icp; register u_long l; register int i, j; register u_char *cp,*dp; static int old_rrlen; static char old_rr[MAX_IPOPTLEN]; struct ip *ip; struct timeval tv, *tp; long triptime; int hlen, dupflag; #ifdef AMIGA ULONG efreq = ReadEClock((struct EClockVal *)&tv); #else (void)gettimeofday(&tv, (struct timezone *)NULL); #endif /* Check the IP header */ ip = (struct ip *)buf; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; if (cc < hlen + ICMP_MINLEN) { if (options & F_VERBOSE) (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: packet too short (%d bytes) from %s\n", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr)); return; } /* Now the ICMP part */ cc -= hlen; icp = (struct icmp *)(buf + hlen); if (icp->icmp_type == ICMP_ECHOREPLY) { if (icp->icmp_id != ident) return; /* 'Twas not our ECHO */ ++nreceived; if (timing) { #ifndef icmp_data tp = (struct timeval *)&icp->icmp_ip; #else tp = (struct timeval *)icp->icmp_data; #endif #ifdef AMIGA /* EClockVal is actually a unsigned long long */ if (tv.tv_micro < tp->tv_micro) tv.tv_sec--; tv.tv_micro -= tp->tv_micro; tv.tv_secs -= tp->tv_secs; triptime = tv.tv_micro / (efreq / 1000); if (tv.tv_secs) triptime += tv.tv_sec * 250 * ((1<<30) / efreq); #else tvsub(&tv, tp); triptime = tv.tv_sec * 1000 + (tv.tv_usec / 1000); #endif tsum += triptime; if (triptime < tmin) tmin = triptime; if (triptime > tmax) tmax = triptime; } if (TST(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck)) { ++nrepeats; --nreceived; dupflag = 1; } else { SET(icp->icmp_seq % mx_dup_ck); dupflag = 0; } if (options & F_QUIET) return; if (options & F_FLOOD) (void)write(1, &BSPACE, 1); else { (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: icmp_seq=%u", cc, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&from->sin_addr.s_addr), icp->icmp_seq); (void)printf(" ttl=%d", ip->ip_ttl); if (timing) (void)printf(" time=%ld ms", triptime); if (dupflag) (void)printf(" (DUP!)"); /* check the data */ cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[8]; dp = &outpack[8 + sizeof(struct timeval)]; for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp, ++dp) { if (*cp != *dp) { (void)printf("\nwrong data byte #%d should be 0x%x but was 0x%x", i, *dp, *cp); cp = (u_char*)&icp->icmp_data[0]; for (i = 8; i < datalen; ++i, ++cp) { if ((i % 32) == 8) (void)printf("\n\t"); (void)printf("%x ", *cp); } break; } } } } else { /* We've got something other than an ECHOREPLY */ if (!(options & F_VERBOSE)) return; (void)printf("%d bytes from %s: ", cc, pr_addr(from->sin_addr.s_addr)); pr_icmph(icp); } /* Display any IP options */ cp = (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip); for (; hlen > (int)sizeof(struct ip); --hlen, ++cp) switch (*cp) { case IPOPT_EOL: hlen = 0; break; case IPOPT_LSRR: (void)printf("\nLSRR: "); hlen -= 2; j = *++cp; ++cp; if (j > IPOPT_MINOFF) for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); hlen -= 4; j -= 4; if (j <= IPOPT_MINOFF) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_RR: j = *++cp; /* get length */ i = *++cp; /* and pointer */ hlen -= 2; if (i > j) i = j; i -= IPOPT_MINOFF; if (i <= 0) continue; if (i == old_rrlen && cp == (u_char *)buf + sizeof(struct ip) + 2 && !bcmp((char *)cp, old_rr, i) && !(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)printf("\t(same route)"); i = ((i + 3) / 4) * 4; hlen -= i; cp += i; break; } old_rrlen = i; bcopy((char *)cp, old_rr, i); (void)printf("\nRR: "); for (;;) { l = *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; l = (l<<8) + *++cp; if (l == 0) (void)printf("\t0.0.0.0"); else (void)printf("\t%s", pr_addr(ntohl(l))); hlen -= 4; i -= 4; if (i <= 0) break; (void)putchar('\n'); } break; case IPOPT_NOP: (void)printf("\nNOP"); break; default: (void)printf("\nunknown option %x", *cp); break; } if (!(options & F_FLOOD)) { (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); } } /* * in_cksum -- * Checksum routine for Internet Protocol family headers (C Version) */ int in_cksum(addr, len) u_short *addr; int len; { register int nleft = len; register u_short *w = addr; register int sum = 0; u_short answer = 0; /* * Our algorithm is simple, using a 32 bit accumulator (sum), we add * sequential 16 bit words to it, and at the end, fold back all the * carry bits from the top 16 bits into the lower 16 bits. */ while (nleft > 1) { sum += *w++; nleft -= 2; } /* mop up an odd byte, if necessary */ if (nleft == 1) { *(u_char *)(&answer) = *(u_char *)w ; sum += answer; } /* add back carry outs from top 16 bits to low 16 bits */ sum = (sum >> 16) + (sum & 0xffff); /* add hi 16 to low 16 */ sum += (sum >> 16); /* add carry */ answer = ~sum; /* truncate to 16 bits */ return(answer); } /* * tvsub -- * Subtract 2 timeval structs: out = out - in. Out is assumed to * be >= in. */ void tvsub(out, in) register struct timeval *out, *in; { if ((out->tv_usec -= in->tv_usec) < 0) { --out->tv_sec; out->tv_usec += 1000000; } out->tv_sec -= in->tv_sec; } /* * finish -- * Print out statistics, and give up. */ void finish() { (void)signal(SIGINT, SIG_IGN); (void)putchar('\n'); (void)fflush(stdout); (void)printf("--- %s ping statistics ---\n", hostname); (void)printf("%ld packets transmitted, ", ntransmitted); (void)printf("%ld packets received, ", nreceived); if (nrepeats) (void)printf("+%ld duplicates, ", nrepeats); if (ntransmitted) if (nreceived > ntransmitted) (void)printf("-- somebody's printing up packets!"); else (void)printf("%d%% packet loss", (int) (((ntransmitted - nreceived) * 100) / ntransmitted)); (void)putchar('\n'); if (nreceived && timing) (void)printf("round-trip min/avg/max = %ld/%lu/%ld ms\n", tmin, tsum / (nreceived + nrepeats), tmax); exit(0); } #ifdef notdef static char *ttab[] = { "Echo Reply", /* ip + seq + udata */ "Dest Unreachable", /* net, host, proto, port, frag, sr + IP */ "Source Quench", /* IP */ "Redirect", /* redirect type, gateway, + IP */ "Echo", "Time Exceeded", /* transit, frag reassem + IP */ "Parameter Problem", /* pointer + IP */ "Timestamp", /* id + seq + three timestamps */ "Timestamp Reply", /* " */ "Info Request", /* id + sq */ "Info Reply" /* " */ }; #endif /* * pr_icmph -- * Print a descriptive string about an ICMP header. */ void pr_icmph(icp) struct icmp *icp; { switch(icp->icmp_type) { case ICMP_ECHOREPLY: (void)printf("Echo Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_UNREACH: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_UNREACH_NET: (void)printf("Destination Net Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_HOST: (void)printf("Destination Host Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PROTOCOL: (void)printf("Destination Protocol Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_PORT: (void)printf("Destination Port Unreachable\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_NEEDFRAG: (void)printf("frag needed and DF set\n"); break; case ICMP_UNREACH_SRCFAIL: (void)printf("Source Route Failed\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Dest Unreachable, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } /* Print returned IP header information */ #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_SOURCEQUENCH: (void)printf("Source Quench\n"); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_REDIRECT: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_REDIRECT_NET: (void)printf("Redirect Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_HOST: (void)printf("Redirect Host"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSNET: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Network"); break; case ICMP_REDIRECT_TOSHOST: (void)printf("Redirect Type of Service and Host"); break; default: (void)printf("Redirect, Bad Code: %d", icp->icmp_code); break; } (void)printf("(New addr: 0x%08lx)\n", icp->icmp_gwaddr.s_addr); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_ECHO: (void)printf("Echo Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + Data */ break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED: switch(icp->icmp_code) { case ICMP_TIMXCEED_INTRANS: (void)printf("Time to live exceeded\n"); break; case ICMP_TIMXCEED_REASS: (void)printf("Frag reassembly time exceeded\n"); break; default: (void)printf("Time exceeded, Bad Code: %d\n", icp->icmp_code); break; } #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_PARAMPROB: (void)printf("Parameter problem: pointer = 0x%02x\n", icp->icmp_hun.ih_pptr); #ifndef icmp_data pr_retip(&icp->icmp_ip); #else pr_retip((struct ip *)icp->icmp_data); #endif break; case ICMP_TSTAMP: (void)printf("Timestamp\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_TSTAMPREPLY: (void)printf("Timestamp Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq + 3 timestamps */ break; case ICMP_IREQ: (void)printf("Information Request\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; case ICMP_IREQREPLY: (void)printf("Information Reply\n"); /* XXX ID + Seq */ break; #ifdef ICMP_MASKREQ case ICMP_MASKREQ: (void)printf("Address Mask Request\n"); break; #endif #ifdef ICMP_MASKREPLY case ICMP_MASKREPLY: (void)printf("Address Mask Reply\n"); break; #endif default: (void)printf("Bad ICMP type: %d\n", icp->icmp_type); } } /* * pr_iph -- * Print an IP header with options. */ void pr_iph(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + 20; /* point to options */ (void)printf("Vr HL TOS Len ID Flg off TTL Pro cks Src Dst Data\n"); (void)printf(" %1x %1x %02x %04x %04x", ip->ip_v, ip->ip_hl, ip->ip_tos, ip->ip_len, ip->ip_id); (void)printf(" %1x %04x", ((ip->ip_off) & 0xe000) >> 13, (ip->ip_off) & 0x1fff); (void)printf(" %02x %02x %04x", ip->ip_ttl, ip->ip_p, ip->ip_sum); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_src.s_addr)); (void)printf(" %s ", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&ip->ip_dst.s_addr)); /* dump and option bytes */ while (hlen-- > 20) { (void)printf("%02x", *cp++); } (void)putchar('\n'); } /* * pr_addr -- * Return an ascii host address as a dotted quad and optionally with * a hostname. */ char * pr_addr(l) u_long l; { struct hostent *hp; static char buf[80]; if ((options & F_NUMERIC) || !(hp = gethostbyaddr((char *)&l, 4, AF_INET))) (void)sprintf(buf, "%s", inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); else (void)sprintf(buf, "%s (%s)", hp->h_name, inet_ntoa(*(struct in_addr *)&l)); return(buf); } /* * pr_retip -- * Dump some info on a returned (via ICMP) IP packet. */ void pr_retip(ip) struct ip *ip; { int hlen; u_char *cp; pr_iph(ip); hlen = ip->ip_hl << 2; cp = (u_char *)ip + hlen; if (ip->ip_p == 6) (void)printf("TCP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); else if (ip->ip_p == 17) (void)printf("UDP: from port %u, to port %u (decimal)\n", (*cp * 256 + *(cp + 1)), (*(cp + 2) * 256 + *(cp + 3))); } void fill(bp, patp) char *bp, *patp; { register int ii, jj, kk; int pat[16]; char *cp; for (cp = patp; *cp; cp++) if (!isxdigit(*cp)) { (void)fprintf(stderr, "ping: patterns must be specified as hex digits.\n"); exit(1); } ii = sscanf(patp, "%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x%2x", &pat[0], &pat[1], &pat[2], &pat[3], &pat[4], &pat[5], &pat[6], &pat[7], &pat[8], &pat[9], &pat[10], &pat[11], &pat[12], &pat[13], &pat[14], &pat[15]); if (ii > 0) for (kk = 0; kk <= MAXPACKET - (8 + ii); kk += ii) for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) bp[jj + kk] = pat[jj]; if (!(options & F_QUIET)) { (void)printf("PATTERN: 0x"); for (jj = 0; jj < ii; ++jj) (void)printf("%02x", bp[jj] & 0xFF); (void)printf("\n"); } } void usage() { (void)fprintf(stderr, "usage: ping [-Rdfnqrv] [-c count] [-i wait] [-l preload]\n" "\t[-p pattern] [-s packetsize] host\n"); exit(1); }