INTRODUCTION Welcome to MR. WISK'AR and MR. WISK'AR-PLUS. This program was designed to save the professional considerable time and effort in their computation of evaluative scoring of the WISC-R, WAIS-R and WPPSI (Weschler Intelligence Scale for Children-Revised, Weschler Adult Intelligence Scale and Weschler Primary and Preschool Intelligence Scale). MR. WISK'AR processes the WISC-R, while MR. WISK'AR-PLUS processes the WISC-R, WAIS-R and WPPSI. MR. WISK'AR allows the user an unlimited number of clients and an unlimited number of test reports, while most other software programs of this nature limit the number of reports per software purchase. You may print your report to printer and/or also print it to a word processor text file for inclusion into an existing evaluation. Once entered your clients data will always be available for immediate call up, and you may retrieve and print out additional client reports at any time. MR. WISK'AR provides you with fiftyfive Banatyne/Guilford component scores, divided into functioning categories of: 1. Concentration and Memory 2. Attention, Freedom from Distraction, Uncertainty and Anxiety 3. Left Hemisphere 4. Right Hemisphere 5. Nature of Stimulus-Response 6. Environment and Related Factors The fiftyfive component scores use +/-3 averaging for determination of significant deviation from the clients mean full scale score. (See Appendix B for a short discussion.) Intersubtest scatter at the p. < .05 and .01 levels are provided for the subscale scores for their deviations from the norm mean (10). Not only are the component scores encompassed by MR. WISK'AR, but quality scores, grade levels, mental ages and predicted grade expectations at age sixteen are included. If one were to hand or calculator compile all of the factors MR. WISK'AR does, it would take approximately ninety minutes per report. The average length of the MR. WISK'AR printed report is 6 to 8 pages in length. WISC-R, WAIS-R and WPPSI are respectively 1974, 1981 and 1967 copyrights of The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved. MR. WISK'AR and MR. WISK'AR-PLUS are 1989 copyrights of Jeff Christensen. CONTENTS Chapter page 1. MR. WISK'AR report 4 Organization of report 4 Computations 5 2. Setting up MR. WISK'AR 6 What on the disk 6 Harddrive installation 6 Menu setup 7 3. Menus 8 Main Screen 8 Program Menu 8 New Exit (hidden) Files Menu 9 Edit File List Files Delete File View File Function Keys Menu 10 IBM Amiga Macintosh Options Menu 11 Save Current Menu Last Saved Menu Default Menu Introduction Set for 'Test' Print/Write file Deviations Special Menu 12 Credits Help Screen Memory Screen Mode-Graph use Auto/Manual Date Reset Pointer Help Menu 13 Description Use Appendixes: A. Banatyne/Guilford component scores B. +/- 3 Averaging C. Default Settings: Menu, Function/Clover Keys D. MR. WISK'AR sample report E. Credits and References CHAPTER 1 Organization of the MR. WISK'AR Report Mr. WISK'AR reports, whether screen, printer or word processor version, are all identical in organization and with respect to data content. Prior to running MR. WISK'AR lets first become familiar with the report format. In Appendix F you will find a sample MR. WISK'AR report with a client name of "John Client". Lets go on a brief tour of the report. The top line of the first page shows the report type. Reports with MR. WISK'AR are WISC-R reports, with MR. WAIS'AR are WAIS-R reports, and reports with MR. WOOPSY are WPPSI reports. Next come client name, age, date (manual or autodate) and number in the record. Next you will see the standard scaled scores, with Verbal subscale scores on the left and Performance subscale scores on the right. Along with the standard scores you will see "S", "N" and, on the WISC-R report, a percentile column (%tile). The "S" and "N" columns represent Self and Norm columns. These columns are where a subscale test scores will be flagged as significantly (positively or negatively) deviated from either the clients Verbal of Performance mean or from the Norm population. This is called Intersubtest Scatter. Significant deviation for the (S) and (N) columns are selectable at +/- 3 averaging, p.< .05 or p.< .01 levels. If the subscale score is deviated a (-) or (+) will appear in the appropriate column. The deviation criteria for the (S)/(N) Intersubtest Scatter columns may be selected via the Options Menu. The percentile columns provides a percentile ranking for the clients scaled scoresá¹á. The next area contains the Verbal, Performance and Full Scale totals, means, I.Q.'s, Verbal/Performance Mental Ages (Verbal M.A./Performance M.A.), along with the current grade level expectations and age sixteen expectations/predictions á¹á. Mental Age and grade level expectations are only provided on the WISC-R version of the reports. You will also note two lines, one with Genetic Dyslexia, and the line below it showing the criteria for a genetic dyslexic determination (Spacial Ability > conceptualization Ability > Sequencing Ability scores)á¹á. To assist in ease of categorization of the component scores, the remaining sections of page 1 and page 2 group the Banatyne/Guilford component factors into six categories: á²á 1. Concentration and Memory 2. Attention, Freedom from Distraction, Uncertainty and Anxiety 3. Left Hemisphere 4. Right Hemisphere 5. Nature of Stimulus-Response 6. Environment and Related Factors For a list of the fiftyfive component scores and their formula compositions please see Appendix A. For discussions detailing and defining the component scores, please reference "Intelligence Testing with the WISC-R" by Alan Kaufman. On the WISC-R version you may omit entering Digit Span and Maze test scores and the factoring will account for no administration of those subscale scores. Page three begins the Significant Positive Deviation and Significant Negative Deviation scores for the fiftyfive component scores. +/- 3 averaging is used as the significant deviation cut off for these scores. The component scores are flagged for comparisons against the clients full scale mean and against the population mean of 10. Following the Significant Deviation scores are the Borderline Deviation scores. Cut off criteria for these categorizations is +/- 2.5 to 2.9 from the clients full scale mean and +/- 2.5-2.9 from the population mean of 10. These are provided solely to flag scores near the cusp of the Significant Deviation cut off range of (+/- 3). The following section details the Intersubtest Scatter data. Here subscale scores will be flagged if they fall within the p. < .05 and p. < .01 levels. The subscale lists will be evaluated at both the p.< .05 and p.< .01 levels. This will occur irrespective of the Intersubtest Scatter Deviation preference set for the page one (N) column, via the Options menu. Please reference A. Kaufmans work for more details on Intersubtest Scatter. The last section provides quality scores for the fiftyfive Banatyne/Guilford component scores.á¹á COMPUTATIONS The component factoring scores and Intersubtest scatter are computed strictly according to Alan Kaufmans work. A list of the component scores and their formulas are in Appendix A. Percentiles for the WISC-R version are similar to those used in "Educational Uses of the WISC-R". Client mean scores are computed by summing all main subscale test scores and dividing by the number of main items. CHAPTER 2 Setting Up MR. WISK'AR or MR. WISK'AR-PLUS Your MR. WISK'AR disk For the IBM/PC the main program, MR. WISK'AR and MR. WISK'AR- PLUS, are called MRW.EXE, MRWP.EXE respectively. On the Amiga and Macintosh computers the main programs are named MR. WISK'AR and MR. WISK'AR-PLUS. All version have additional supportive files. The following should be resident on your disk: - MRW.EXE/MRWP.EXE (IBM) or MR. WISK'AR/MR.WISK'AR- PLUS (Amiga and Macintosh) - WISC-R, the record where the client files are scored - WISC-R.P, the counter which keeps tally of the number of files you have - Menu, the file which stores your saved menu options - FunctionKeys, Amiga only, stores your selected function key settings Whenever you write a report to a word processor file (ASCII text file), MR. WISK'AR saves the file in the clients last name plus an ".MRW" extension. On the IBM, however, since initial file names may only be seven characters in length, long names may be truncated. Harddrive installation If you wish to install MR. WISK'AR on a harddrive use the following procedures: IBM 1. MD :\MR.W 2. Copy a:\ *.* :\MR.W 3. To run MR. WISK'AR a. CD MR.W b. Type "MRW" or "MRWP" Amiga 1. Makedir :MR.WISK'AR 2. Copy df0:#? to :MR.WISK'AR 3. Copy df0:#?.BMAP to sys:libs 4. To run MR. WISK'AR click on its iconÜjÜŒ (The .BMAPs must be present in your system LIBS directory or MR. WISK'AR will not run.) Macintosh 1. Use New Folder to create a new, empty folder. Then rename the new folder to MR.WISK'AR. 2. Extend select all the files on the MR.WISK'AR disk and drag to the new MR.WISK'AR folder. This will copy all of the necessary file to your new directory. 3. To run MR. WISK'AR click on its icon Software setup Minimum setup: Step 1 Enter the Special Menu and select Item 4, (IBM/PC) Monitor modes. Select the appropriate only video mode for your computer. See Chapter 3, Special Menu, Item 4, for details on Graphic modes. Step 2 MR. WISK'AR-PLUS only. Enter the Options Menu and select item 5, Set for Test, and select the Weschler test you wish to enter in for your client. You MUST change this each time you CHANGE the type of test you wish to enter. (MR. WISK'AR does not have the Option Menu choice of Set for Tests, as the program is designed for WISC-R data entry only.) Maximum setup: Step 1 and 2 above plus... Step 3 Review the Options and Special Menus and set your preferences for Introduction On or Off, Print/Write report mode, Deviation settings for page one for the "N", Intersubtest Scatter deviation column, and Auto-Manual Date. Step 4 Enter the Options Menu and select "Save Current Menu". This will save your current menu options that you have selected and load them each time you start up MR. WISK'AR/MR. WISK'AR-PLUS. CHAPTER 3 MENUS Main Screen The Main screen for the IBM consists of a top (IBM/PC menu bar with the "Main" menu highlighted and only) the other menu options deselected. This tells you that you are on the Main Menu and that no menu selections have been chosen. This is the default startup menu. The Amiga and Macintosh do not have a "Main" menu that is highlighted, however, they do have a top menu bar with the menu choices that are listed below. The top menu bar consists of: (M)ain (IBM/PC only) (P)rogram (F)unction Keys (Amiga only) (O)ptions (S)pecial (H)elp (IBM only) You may select any of the menus by pressing the parened ( ) letter. Active main menus which have been selected will be highlighted. On the bottom of the screen the function keys are listed. The top menu bar and function keys appear only when you are in a main menu. The top menu bar and function key list will not be present after you select a menu item, when you are entering client data, or when you are viewing a MR. WISK'AR report. Program Menu NEW Use this menu item to enter NEW client data. Be sure you select the correct test type via the Options menu, item 5, PRIOR to choosing this menu item. See the Options Menu for more details. (E)xit IBM only. Hidden menu. Will exit to the system anytime a main menu is on screen. Files Menu Edit file This allows editing any file which already exists. You will have to re- enter all client data for that file. Prior to re-entering the client data, make sure you set MR. WISK'AR for the correct test type via the Options Menu, Selection 5, Set for 'Test'. List Files This menu choice lists all client files with their file number, name, V.I.Q. and P.I.Q.. Delete File This menu item will allow deleting a client file. The deleted client file will be renamed "empty". It will maintain its previous file number and slot in the record. The "empty" file may be filled with another clients data by editing the "empty" file. Make sure MR. WISK'AR is set for the correct test type prior to entering new client data into an empty file. View File This menu item lists files available for viewing. Once a file has been selected for viewing you will be taken to the screen report. You may scroll forward or backward. The "D" and "U" keys on the IBM will scroll the screen. To scroll on the Amiga use the Up and Down cursor keys. To scroll on the Macintosh use the space bar or Quick Keys. There are other special Quick keys which will move you to specific data areas of the report. You may use the Quick keys any time the screen report is present, except when you are viewing Significant Deviation. When you are viewing Significant Deviations you will need to scroll to the end of the Significant Deviations section, and then you may use the Quick keys. They are: (V)iew from start (C)oncentration and Memory (L)eft Hemisphere (R)ight Hemisphere (N)ature of Stimulus-Response/ Environmental Factors (D)eviations (G)raph (P)rint/Write report The screen report has a graph for the scaled scores. There are two overlays you may use on this graph. They are the Client Overlay and the Norm Overlay. The overlays help to highlight the Clients norm range and/or the population Norm range. The ranges are +/-3 from the clients mean and +/- 3 from the norm mean of 10. Use the "C" and "N' keys to activate the Client and/or Norm Overlays. Use the "G" key to refresh the graph, which will remove any Overlays previously used. You will also notice three horizontal lines on the graph which are distinct from the scale score value lines. The middle line represents the clients full scale mean. The other two lines are + and - three from the clients full scale mean. Bar colors are based upon the clients mean range. EGA/VGA : Subscale scores falling within the clients norm range will be BLUE. Scores which are significantly negatively deviated (- 3 or more below the clients mean) will be RED. Scores which are significantly positively deviated from the clients mean (+ 3 or more above the client mean) are GREEN. CGA : The norm range scales will be GRAY. RED and GREEN are the same as for EGA/VGA. Naturally, mono screens will not have the color distinctions. When you select a client file to view MR. WISK'AR automatically detects the test type and adjusts the computations, the report and graph accordingly. To view a client file you do not need to make any changes to the Options Menu, Set for Test item. Function Keys Menu IBM: The function key settings and availability of function key use occur only when a main menu is present. You are in a main menu when the top menu bar and bottom function key list are present. Amiga: (MR.WISK'AR-PLUS only) Current Keys Lists the current Function Key settings. Set Keys Allows the user to defined selections for the ten function keys. Last Saved Retrieves and loads the last saved function key set. Default set Retrieves and loads the default function key set. See Appendix E for the default settings. For the Default function key setting for either MR. WISK'AR or MR. WISK'AR-PLUS, please refer to Appendix C in the manual. MR. WISK'AR does not have the Function Key Menu selection available. Only the Default Function Keys may be used for the standard MR. WISC-AR version. Macintosh: The Macintosh uses clover keys (+) for speed key access. See Appendix E for the clover key settings. Options Menu Save Menu This option saves your current menu selections to disk. When MR. WISK'AR starts these are the Menu options that will be retrieved and loaded. Last Saved This loads the last saved menu. If you change any menu options during a session and do not save them, and you wish to return to your saved menu, this option will retrieve and load it for you. Default Menu This retrieves and loads the default menu. See Appendix C for the default menu settings. Introduction This turns the MR. WISK'AR Introduction on or off during the initial startup of Mr. WISK'AR. Raw/Standard Raw scores allows raw score input for WISC-R score input. Currently disabled. Set for Tests Use this menu item to select the test type for entry of NEW client data. Use this menu item ONLY to change from one test type to another. Do not use this item to change the test type for Viewing/Printing/Writing a client file. (MR. WISK'AR automatically determines the test type for the client and adjusts the program accordingly.) Print/Write This menu item sets MR. WISK'AR to print the MR. WISK'AR report to printer, write to word processor text file, or both. Text files will be written in the clients last name plus an ".MRW" extension. On IBM/PC computers files may only have an initial file length of seven characters, thus long names may be truncated. Deviations Use this menu item to select Intersubtest Scatter Deviations (+/- 3 averaging, p.< .05 or p.< .01) levels which will be used on page one of the report, in the S/N columns. Special Menu Credits Lists MR. WISK'AR program credits. Help Displays on screen Help for menu use and program setup. Avail Memory Displays the current system memories. Monitor IBM/PC only. Sets the graphics mode for IBM/PC computers. Modes available: 1. CGA, width 40 2. Hercules, width 80 3. EGA, 300 x 200, 16 colors 4. EGA, 640 x 200, 16 colors 5. EGA, 640 x 350, 4-16 colors 6. VGA/MCGA, 640 x 480, mono 7. VGA, 640 x 480, 16 color Date Sets Mr. WISK'AR to use the Autodate function or manual date function for date entry for client reports. The Autodate function uses the computer system date to date reports. If you decide to use the Autodate function make sure your computer system date is functioning and set correctly. Check the computer date prior to entering new client data, or your report will have whatever system date the computer is set to. The Autodate function requires no user input for the date when you are entering client data. Reset Pointer This allows resetting the file counter. Resetting to zero will, in effect, delete ALL files you may have already entered. MR. WISK'AR allows an unlimited number or client reports. Each client file takes approximately 150 bytes of space. If you notice your disk eventually becoming full then record the file number of the last client, rename the "WISC-R" file to something like "MRW1990", and then reset the pointer to zero. You will then begin a new "WISC-R" record and have your previous clients saved elsewhere. If you mistakenly to zero out the WISC-R record there is little major worry. Simply reset the pointer to the last client file number you had previously and your reports will be available to you again. You may, however, lose a report or two if you have entered any NEW client reports before you reset the pointer to the previous record number, as the program will begin with file number one, and will overwrite the reports sequentially, beginning from number one. Help Menu The Help menu is organized similar to the Main Menu, i.e. in areas of: Program Menu Help Files Menu Help Function Key Menu Help (Amiga only) Option Menu Help Special Menu Help Launching MR. WISK'AR Help Make your selections according to need. APPENDIX A Formula Codes I = Information S = Similarities A = Arithmetic V = Vocabulary C = Comprehension D = Digit Span P = Picture Completion R = Picture Arrangement B = Block Design O = Object Assembly G = Coding M = Mazes Letter coding for the component formulas are based upon a WISC-R template (see below). The Test Equivalent chart will show test equivalents for purpose of component score formula use. Test Equivalents for Formulas WISC-R WAIS-R WPPSI (I) Information Information Information (S) Similarities Similarities Similarities (A) Arithmetic Arithmetic Arithmetic (V) Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary (C) Comprehension Comprehension Comprehension (D) Digit Span Digit Span Sentences (P) Pic. Completion Pic. Completion Pic. Completion (R) Pic. Arrange. Pic. Arrangement N/A (B) Block Design Block Design Block Design (O) Object Assembly Object Assembly Geo. Design (G) Coding Digit Symbol Animal House (M) Mazes N/A Mazes N/A N/A (H) A. House retest Component Score Formulas Abstract Stimuli =(B+G)/2 Acquired Knowledge =(I+A+V)/3 Anxiety =(A+D+G)/3 Attention =(A+D+G)/3 Brief Stimuli =(S+V+D)/3 Cognition =(P+B+O+M)/4 Common Sense =(C+P+A)/3 Concentration =(A+P)/2 Conceptualization Ability =(S+V+C)/3 Convergent Production =(R+G)/2 Cultural Opportunities at Home =(I+V+C+P)/4 Extent of Outside Reading =(I+S+V)/3 Fluency =(C+D+G)/3 Freedom from Distraction =(A+D+G)/3 General Intelligence Age 12-15.11 =(I+S+A)/3 General Intelligence Age 6 - 8.11 =(A+V+I+R)/4 General Intelligence Age 9 -11.11 =(C+I+A+V)/4 Integrated Functioning =(R+B+G+M)/4 Interests =(I+S+V)/3 Learning Ability =(V+G)/2 Left Hemisphere =(I+A+D)/3 Little Expression =(I+A+D)/3 Long Stimuli =(I+A+C)/3 Long Term Memory =(I+A+V)/3 Meaningful =(P+R+O)/3 Memory =(I+A)/2 Mental Alertness =(A+D+S)/3 Motor Development =(B+O+G)/3 Much Expression =(S+V+C)/3 Non-Verbal Memory =(P+G)/2 Overall Memory =(I+A+D+P+G)/5 Perceptual Organization =(P+R+B+O+M)/5 Planning Ability =(R+M)/2 Reasoning =(S+A+C)/3 Recall =(I+V+D)/3 Richness of Early Environment =(I+V)/2 Right Brain Functioning =(P+O)/2 School Learning =(I+A+V)/3 Sequencing Ability =(R+A+D+G)/4 Simultaneous =(P+B+O)/3 Social Judgement =(C+P)/2 Spacial Ability (Field Independence)=(P+B+O)/3 Spatial Organization =(R++O)/3 Successive =(R+G+M)/3 Uncertainty =(P+O+M)/3 Verbal Comprehension =((I+V+C)/3) Verbal Concentration =(A+D)/2 Verbal Concept Formation =(S+V)/2 Verbal Conceptualization Ability =(S+V+C)/3 Verbal Expression =(S+V+C)/3 Verbal Memory =(I+A+D)/3 Visual Concentration =(P+G)/2 Visual Memory =(P+G)/2 Visual Motor Coordination =(B+O+G+M)/4 Visual Organization =(P+R)/2 Working Under Time Pressure =(A+P+R+B+O+G+M)/7 Discussion For the majority of the Banatyne/Guilford component scores straight equivalents exists between the three Weschler tests. On occasions where Digit Span and/or Mazes are not administered for the WISC-R, MR. WISK'AR adjusts the formulas for the absence of the particular test score/s. MR. WISK'AR adjusts for non-equivalency between the tests for areas where N/As appear. Due to the very limited differences between the tests, and the fact that there is generally straight equivalency, component factor scoring is considered consistent across the tests. APPENDIX B In Alan Kaufmans synthesis of the WISC-R he suggests using a +/- 3 (as an average) from the client mean for general determination of whether a subscale test score is significantly deviated, either positive or negatively As such, +/- 3 averaging is one of the selectable options for use on page one for the client (S) and Norm (N) deviation columns. Both the (S) and (N) Intersubtest Scatter deviation columns are user selectable at +/- 3 averaging, p. < .05 or p. < .01 levels. Kaufman suggests generally using a significant cutoff level at p.< .05, therefore the Options Menu, Default Menu choice uses this as its Deviation setting. Alan Kaufman, in his work, suggests rounding scores to their nearest whole number, thus making it easier for deviation calculations. Since MR. WISK'AR calculates the factors precisely, there is no need to round. APPENDIX C Default Menu: Introduction - Introduction On Test Type - Set for WISC-R Print/Write - Please make choice Deviations - p.< .05 Date - AutoDate (on) (IBM only) Screen mode - CGA, width 40 Default Function Keys: (IBM/Amiga) F1 : NEW Enter client File F2 : VIEW Views a client File F3 : SAVE Saves your menu options F4 : LAST Retrieves the Last Saved Menu F5 : INTRODUCTION Flags the Introduction on/off F6 : TEST Sets the program for the test type F7 : P/W Selects the Print/Write options F8 : SCN (IBM only) selects the Graphic Mode F8 : Function Keys (Amiga only) Shows current Function Key settings F9 : DATE Sets for Auto/Manual date F10: EXIT Exits the program Clover Keys: (Macintosh) * N : Enter NEW client * Q : Quits the program * E : Edits a client file * F : Lists client files * X : Deletes a client file * V : Views a client file * S : Save the current menu * L : Retrieves the Last Saved Menu * D : Retrieves the Default Menu * I : Flags the INtroduction on/off * W : Sets the program for the test type * P : Selects the Print/Write options * 3 : Selects +/-3 Deviation option * 1 : Selects the p.< .01 Deviation option * 5 : Selects the p.< .05 Deviation option * C : Lists the Credits * H : Enters the Help Menu * A : Sets for Auto/Manual date * R : Reset Pointer APPENDIX E Credits and References Kaufman, Alan, "Intelligence Testing with the WISC-R", John Wiley and Sons, New York, 1979. Alcorn, Charles, Ph. D., and Nicholson, Charles, Ph. D., "Educational Applications of the WISC-R: A Handbook of Interpretive Strategies", Western Psychological Services. WISC-R is a 1974 copyright of The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved. WAIS-R is a 1974 copyright of The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved. WPPSI is a 1974 copyright of The Psychological Corporation. All rights reserved. MR. WISK'AR is a 1989 copyright of J.D. Christensen. MR. WISK'AR-PLUS is a 1989 copyright of J.D. Christensen My thanks to Scott Hansen, M.Ed., for his professional and constructive suggestions, and to Mary, Erin, Pat and Swen for their ongoing support and understanding while this project was in process.