%PRESENT 1 10 0 IN THE GARDEN FLOWER (LA) FLOR FLOR buying flowers from a FLORist. TREE ÁRBOL ARBOL throwing a HARD BALL against a tree. PLANT PLANTA PLANTA giving a bullfighter a potted PLANT. FRUIT FRUTA FROOTA throwing FRUIT at a bullfighter. EARTH TIERRA TEE ERRA an earthen TIARA. LAWN CÉSPED THESPED a CESSPIT in the middle of your lawn. POND ESTANQUE ESTANKAY coming across a stagnant pond, and IT STANK. PATH SENDA SENDA you SEND A friend along a path. BERRY BAYA BAYA you BUY A berry. SEED SEMILLA SEMEELYA scattering seeds in your SEMOLINA. * %PRESENT 2 10 0 TIME TIME TIEMPO TEE EMPO keeping time to the TEMPO of the music. SECOND SEGUNDO SEGOONDO a bullfighter tapping his feet every SECOND. MINUTE MINUTO MEENOOTO a bullfighter killing a bull once a MINUTE. HOUR HORA ORA waiting in HORROR for the hour to strike. WEEK SEMANA SEMANA going to a SEMINAR once a week. MONTH MES MES being in a MESS once a month. YEAR AÑO ANYO a year is ANNUAL. DAY (EL) DÍA DEE A thinking everything is DEAR during the day. (N.B. This is masculine even though it ends in "a") NIGHT (LA) NOCHE NOCHAY NOCTURNAL animals are out at night. YESTERDAY AYER A YER thinking that prices were HIGHER yesterday. * %PRESENT 3 5 0 SOME MORE USEFUL WORDS SOON PRONTO PRONTO telling someone that they had better do something SOON, PRONTO. MUCH MUCHO MOOCHO someone who MOOCHES from you MUCH of the time. (MUCHO and MUCH also sound similar) MORE MÁS MAS being given a MASS of food, and your host giving you MORE and more. LESS MENOS MENOS getting LESS - a MINUS quantity. ALWAYS SIEMPRE SEE EMPRAY someone who ALWAYS SIMPERS. * %TEXT 1 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR In the first section we learned that the Spanish for IS is ESTÁ. 0 For example: LA VACA ESTÁ FRESCA is THE COW IS FRESH There are, however, two words for the word IS in Spanish - ESTÁ and ES. (ES is pronounced like the letter "S") You use ESTÁ for something temporary, and ES for something permanent. # For example: If you mean by THE DOG IS QUICK that it is a quick kind of dog, it always moves quickly, and so on, then the Spanish is: EL PERRO ES RÁPIDO (It is a quick dog) If, on the other hand, you mean that the dog was quick just now, when it ran away, then the Spanish is: EL PERRO ESTÁ RÁPIDO. # Here is another example: THE CAT IS GOOD In Spanish EL GATO ES BUENO means it is a good cat. EL GATO ESTÁ BUENO means that it is being good at the minute. # If you use the word TODAY this will almost always mean that the description will be temporary and you would use the word ESTÁ. The Spanish word for TODAY is HOY. Imagine thinking "OY! Today's the day". So, the sentence THE CAT IS GOOD TODAY is: EL GATO ESTÁ BUENO HOY. # * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 LA VACA ES RÁPIDA THE COW IS QUICK (it is a quick cow) EL RÁTON ESTÁ RÁPIDO THE MOUSE IS QUICK (the mouse moved quickly) EL BURRO ESTÁ TRANQUILO THE DONKEY IS QUIET (the donkey is quiet at the minute) EL ELEFANTE ES TRANQUILO THE ELEPHANT IS QUIET (it is a quiet elephant) EL PULPO ESTÁ FRESCO THE OCTOPUS IS FRESH (the octopus is fresh now) * %TEXT 0 You must not worry if you do not get everything right at this stage. This is about the hardest part of the grammar. All you need to remember is why ES and ESTÁ are different. # * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 LA SEMILLA ES NEGRA THE SEED IS BLACK EL ÁRBOL ES MUY PEQUEÑO THE TREE IS VERY SMALL EL PEZ ESTÁ FRESCO THE FISH IS FRESH EL CÉSPED ES VERDE Y LA PLANTA ES BLANCA THE LAWN IS GREEN AND THE PLANT IS WHITE LA CAMA ES SOLAMENTE DURA THE BED IS ONLY HARD * %TEXT 1 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR The Spanish for ARE is SON, if ARE is meant in the permanent sense. 0 So, THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE QUIET 0 is EL PERRO Y EL GATO SON TRANQUILOS. If ARE is used in a temporary sense, then the Spanish word for it is ESTÁN. 0 So, THE DOG AND THE CAT ARE QUIET TODAY 0 is EL PERRO Y EL GATO ESTÁN TRANQUILOS HOY # Please note that you have to make the adjective plural too, so you make TRANQUILO into TRANQUILOS. You should also note that when you have a masculine and feminine word together, like THE DOG AND THE FROG ARE BLACK then the ending of the adjective at the end of the sentence is always MASCULINE and plural. 0 So, THE DOG AND THE FROG ARE BLACK 0 is EL PERRO Y LA RANA SON NEGROS. # * %SENTENCES_E_F 5 THE BED AND THE TABLE ARE ALWAYS BLACK LA CAMA Y LA MESA SON SIEMPRE NEGRAS THE BLUE CURTAIN AND THE GREEN DRAWER ARE OLD LA CORTINA AZUL Y EL CAJÓN VERDE SON VIEJOS THE GARDEN AND THE LAWN ARE FRESH AND GREEN EL JARDÍN Y EL CÉSPED SON FRESCOS Y VERDES THE COW AND THE BULL ARE VERY GOOD LA VACA Y EL TORO SON MUY BUENOS THE SHIRT AND THE COAT ARE ALWAYS BLACK LA CAMISA Y EL ABRIGO SON SIEMPRE NEGROS * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 EL SUELO Y LA PARED SON SOLAMENTE AMARILLOS THE FLOOR AND THE WALL ARE ONLY YELLOW LA FLOR Y EL ÁRBOL ESTÁN MUY BONITOS HOY THE FLOWER AND THE TREE ARE VERY PRETTY TODAY EL ESTANQUE ES MUY PROFUNDO THE POND IS VERY DEEP LA PLANTA Y LA BAYA SON ROJAS THE PLANT AND THE BERRY ARE RED EL OSO ESTÁ MALO THE BEAR IS BAD * %PRESENT 4 7 0 THE DAYS OF THE WEEK MONDAY LUNES LOONAYS only LOONIES go to work on Monday. TUESDAY MARTES MARTAYS you always burn MARTYRS on Tuesdays. WEDNESDAY MIÉRCOLES MEE ERCOLAYS praying for MIRACLES on Wednesday so that the end of the week will come quickly. THURSDAY JUEVES HOO EVAYS you WAVE US good-bye on Thursdays. FRIDAY VIERNES VEE ERNAYS showing your BARE KNEES on Friday, to celebrate the end of the week. SATURDAY SÁBADO SABADO Saturday is the Jewish SABBATH. SUNDAY DOMINGO DOMEENGO you play DOMINOES with your family on Sunday evening before pushing them off to bed. * %TEXT 1 PLEASE NOTE: You do not say the word ON when talking about the days of the week; you miss the word ON out and use EL. So, ON TUESDAY is EL MARTES, if you mean NEXT TUESDAY. If you mean EVERY TUESDAY (as you would if you said ON TUESDAYS) then in Spanish you make it plural and use LOS. 0 So, 0 ON TUESDAYS is LOS MARTES 0 ON SUNDAYS is LOS DOMINGOS and so on. # THE DOG EATS ON TUESDAYS is EL PERRO COME LOS MARTES. THE COW EATS ON SATURDAYS is LA VACA COME LOS SÁBADOS. # * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 LOS MARTES EL PERRO COME LA FRUTA ON TUESDAYS THE DOG EATS THE FRUIT EL PERRO COME LOS LUNES, LOS VIERNES, LOS SÁBADOS Y LOS DOMINGOS THE DOG EATS ON MONDAYS, FRIDAYS, SATURDAYS AND SUNDAYS NO, EL GATO NO COME LOS JUEVES Y LOS MIÉRCOLES NO, THE CAT DOES NOT EAT ON THURSDAYS AND WEDNESDAYS LOS DOMINGOS LA NOCHE ESTÁ PRONTO NEGRA ON SUNDAYS THE NIGHT IS SOON BLACK EL BURRO QUIERE MENOS PATO Y MÁS POLLO THE DONKEY WANTS LESS DUCK AND MORE CHICKEN * %TEXT 0 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR The way to ask questions in Spanish when you are speaking is by tone of voice; you do not need to change the word order. ¿ES UN TORO? is IS IT A BULL? In Spanish you miss out words like HE, I, YOU, IT, and so on. 0 So, 0 IT IS A BULL is ES UN TORO 0 HE HAS A BULL is TIENE UN TORO 0 HAS HE A BULL? is also ¿TIENE UN TORO? 0 DOES HE HAVE A BULL? is also ¿TIENE UN TORO? # * %SENTENCES_E_F 5 IT IS A PIG ES UN PUERCO HE HAS A DOG TIENE UN PERRO IT IS A TABLE ES UNA MESA HAS HE A FLOWER? or DOES HE HAVE A FLOWER? ¿TIENE UNA FLOR? HE EATS A GOAT COME UNA CABRA * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 ES LA SEMANA, LA HORA Y EL DÍA IT IS THE WEEK, THE HOUR AND THE DAY ¿ES UN CÉSPED VERDE? IS IT A GREEN LAWN? ¿ES LA NOCHE? IS IT THE NIGHT? ¿ES LA SENDA O LA ESCALERA? IS IT THE PATH OR THE STAIRS? ES LA HIJA, NO EL HIJO IT IS THE DAUGHTER, NOT THE SON *