%PRESENT 1 10 0 VEGETABLES CARROT MARKOV' eating carrots is the MARK OF a civilised man. ONION LOOK you LOOK up to smell onions. BEAN BOB BOB Hope eating a plate of beans. PEAS GAROKH the famous actor GARRICK, being pelted with peas. PARSNIP PASTYERNAK Boris PASTERNAK, the author of Dr Zhivago, eating parsnips. POTATOES KARTOFYEL' they CART OFF A HELL of a lot of potatoes in Russia. TOMATOES PAMEEDORAY saying "Leave the tomatoes BY MY DOOR, AH!" SOUP SOOP vodka SOUP. RICE REES pouring vodka over a plate of RICE. MUSHROOM GREEB a Crested GREBE eating mushrooms. * %PRESENT 2 2 0 TWO USEFUL WORDS ON NA your mother ON A table. ABOUT O saying "OH, I'm sorry ABOUT that". * %TEXT 1 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR: Place words. To say THE CAT IS ON THE TABLE you use NA for ON. After NA words change, they add -YE to the main part of the word. 0 So, 0 ON THE WATER is NA VODYE 0 ON THE MILK is NA MALAKO 0 ON THE TABLE is NA STOLYE 0 THE CAT IS ON THE TABLE is KOSHKA NA STOLYE This will work with most words. # The word O (ABOUT - which is pronounced like the 'o' in 'pot') also makes words change in the same way. ABOUT THE WINE is O VEENYE ABOUT THE BATH is O VANNYE You will use this word later. # You have already used V with time and days of the week, as in V PANYEDYELNEEK (on Monday). V has another meaning, IN, but when V means 'in' it makes the noun change in the way you have just seen. 0 So, 0 IN THE RESTAURANT is V RYESTARANYE 0 IN THE BATH is V VANNYE # TO SUMMARISE: 0 ON THE LAWN is NA GAZONYE 0 ON THE WALL is NA STENYE 0 IN THE DRAWER is V YASHCHIKYE 0 IN THE HOUSE is V DOMYE # * %SENTENCES_E_F 4 THE PARSNIP IS NOT ON THE PLATE, IT IS ON THE SAUCER PASTYERNAK NYE NA TARYELKYE, ON NA BLYOODTSE WAITER, THERE IS A FLY IN THE SOUP AFEETSEEANT, TAM V SOOPYE MOOKHA ARE THERE MUSHROOMS IN THE RICE? V REESYE GREEBAY? THE CARROT AND THE ONION ARE ON THE PLATE MARKOV' EE LOOK NA TARYELKYE * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 GDYE BOBAY? YA VEEJOO TOLKO KARTOFYEL' V SOOPYE WHERE ARE THE BEANS? I SEE ONLY POTATOES IN THE SOUP PAMEEDORAY NA TARYELKYE. YA VEEJOO CHETAYRYE THE TOMATOES ARE ON THE PLATE. I SEE FOUR REES NA MYENYOO SYEVODNYA? IS RICE ON THE MENU TODAY? (N.B. Some words, like MYENYOO never change their endings) PACHEMOO LYEV NA STOOLYE? WHY IS A LION ON THE CHAIR? DA, KOOST NA GAZONYE BALSHOY YES, THE BUSH ON THE LAWN IS BIG * %PRESENT 3 5 0 SOME USEFUL VERBS LIKES LYOOBEET thinking "YOU BET she LIKES me". SPEAKS GAVAREET anyone who tries to SPEAK Russian will soon GATHER IT IS difficult. GIVES DAYOT she GIVES up all food for her DIET. READS CHITAYET not READing that book about the CHEETAH YET. DRINKS PYOT someone DRINKS from a POT. * %TEXT 1 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR You know that when ANEE is the subject, verbs which end in -EET change their ending to -YAT. 0 So, THEY LIKE (OR LOVE) is ANEE LYOOBYAT THEY SPEAK (OR TALK) is ANEE GAVARYAT # PLEASE NOTE: ANEE LYOOBYAT also means THEY LOVE. TO LOVE and TO LIKE is the same verb in Russian. # When ANEE is the subject, verbs which end in -YOT change their ending to -OOT. Many verbs of only one syllable, however, change the ending from -YOT to -YOOT. So THEY DRINK is ANEE PYOOT When the main part of a verb ends in a vowel -YOOT is added. 0 So THEY READ is ANEE CHITAYOOT 0 THEY GIVE is ANEE DAYOOT # TO SUMMARISE: 0 THEY READ is ANEE CHITAYOOT 0 THEY DRINK is ANEE PYOOT 0 THEY LOVE (like) is ANEE LYOOBYAT 0 THEY TALK (speak) is ANEE GAVARYAT 0 THEY GIVE is ANEE DAYOOT # * %SENTENCES_E_F 5 WHEN DO THEY GIVE ONIONS? KAGDA ANEE DAYOOT LOOK? (N.B. LOOK can men both ONION and ONIONS) ANNA TALKS ABOUT (HER) SON ANNA GAVAREET O SAYNYE WHAT ARE THEY DRINKING? THEY ARE DRINKING MILK SHTO ANEE PYOOT? ANEE PYOOT MALAKO DOES HE LIKE CARROTS? ON LYOOBEET MARKOV'? (N.B. MARKOV' can mean both CARROT and CARROTS) NO, HE DOESN'T LIKE CARROTS, HE LIKES POTATOES NYET, ON NYE LYOOBEET MARKOV', ON LYOOBEET KARTOFYEL' * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 BAYK LYOOBEET KAROVOO, NO NYE GAVAREET THE BULL LOVES THE COW, BUT DOESN'T SAY (SPEAK or TALK) OLGA CHITAYET O SADYE OLGA IS READING ABOUT THE GARDEN PACHEMOO ON PYOT TOLKO VODOO? WHY DOES HE DRINK ONLY WATER? ANEE NYE VSYEKDA PYOOT STAROYE VEENO THEY DON'T ALWAYS DRINK OLD WINE ON LYOOBEET GREEBAY V MALAKYE HE LIKES MUSHROOMS IN MILK * %TEXT 1 ELEMENTARY GRAMMAR You will remember that when 'I' is the subject of the verb, the ending of the verb is -OO or -YOO. All new verbs you have been given end in -YOO. 0 So, 0 I SPEAK is YA GAVARYOO 0 I READ is YA CHITAYOO 0 I GIVE is YA DAYOO 0 I DRINK is YA PYOO # I LIKE (or LOVE) is slightly different, since it adds -L before the -YOO: YA LYOOBLYOO. When TAY is the subject of the verb, the verb ends in -SH. 0 So, 0 HE GIVES is ON DAYOT 0 YOU GIVE is TAY DAYOSH 0 HE SPEAKS is ON GAVAREET 0 YOU SPEAK is TAY GAVAREESH The same happens with other verbs. # TO SUMMARISE: 0 YOU GIVE is TAY DAYOSH 0 I GIVE is YA DAYOO 0 YOU READ is TAY CHITAYESH 0 YOU LIKE is TAY LYOOBEESH 0 I LIKE is YA LYOOBLYOO # * %SENTENCES_E_F 5 WHAT ARE YOU GIVING? I AM GIVING WINE SHTO TAY DAYOSH? YA DAYOO VEENO YOU TALK ABOUT (YOUR) CAT MORE THAN YOU TALK ABOUT (YOUR) HUSBAND TAY GAVAREESH O KOSHKYE BOLSHE CHEM TAY GAVAREESH O MOOJYE I LIKE SUNDAY BUT I DON'T LIKE MONDAY YA LYOOBLYOO VASKRYESYENYE, NO YA NYE LYOOBLYOO PANYEDYELNEEK WHAT ARE YOU DRINKING? SHTO TAY PYOSH? WHY DON'T YOU READ THE MENU? PACHEMOO TAY NYE CHITAYESH MYENYOO? * %SENTENCES_F_E 5 TAY LYOOBEESH BALSHOYE ZYERKALO? DO YOU LIKE THE BIG MIRROR? V SOOBBOTOO YA CHITAYOO EELEE RABOTAYOO V PARKYE ON SATURDAY I READ OR WORK IN THE PARK TAY YESH MYASO? YA NYE LYOOBLYOO MYASO DO YOU EAT MEAT? I DON'T LIKE MEAT SHTO TAY GAVAREESH O GAROKHYE? WHAT ARE YOU SAYING ABOUT THE PEAS? YA PYOO KAGDA EEDYOT DOJD' I DRINK WHEN IT RAINS *