$COURSE COLUMBUS - PART 1 $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 ' White Pen for Learner $ADJUST 0 10 0 0 ' background $LESSON The Story Begins $JUSTIFY CENTER $FONT COURIER.28 $PAGE ONE $SAY TARGET, GAME $STYLE BOLD,YELLOW $JUSTIFY LEFT Y or N -> <*> $SELECT $CASE Y $FORMAT GAME $CASE N $FORMAT NORMAL $CASE $GOTO ONE $END SELECT $PAGE $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING MAP $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD MAP $JUSTIFY CENTER MAP IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 $FONT COURIER.28 $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background BIRTH $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy, between August and October of 1451. His father was Domenico Colombo, a wool weaver. His mother, Susanna Colombo, was a weaver's daughter. The boy was named Cristoforo, perhaps after Saint Christopher, who was the patron saint of travelers. $PAGE On the next screen is a map showing where Columbus was born. Look at it carefully. Then click the mouse arrow on the birthplace of Columbus. $PAGE $FONT TOPAZY.8 $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 1 $PICTURE MOVE 145 50 $PICTURE TEXT Genoa $DELAY 1 $PICTURE MOVE 149 58 $PICTURE DRAW 218 68 $PICTURE DOT 218 68 $PICTURE CIRCLE 218 68 1 1 $LABEL MAP $PICTURE BOX 1 215 65 224 71 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO MAP $CASE >1 $GOTO MAP $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $FONT COURIER.24 $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $ADJUST 0 2 2 0 ' black background QUESTION $STYLE WHITE,BOLD In what year was Columbus born? $JUSTIFY CENTER <1451> $HINT The last digit is 1. $HINT The third digit is 5. $HINT The second digit is 4. $HINT The first digit is 1. $JUSTIFY LEFT (If you don't know the answer, press HELP for a hint at the bottom of the screen.) $PAGE $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE QUESTION $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Columbus was born in what country? $JUSTIFY CENTER $HINT The last letter is Y. $HINT The first letter is I. $JUSTIFY LEFT (If you don't know the answer, press HELP for a hint at the bottom of the screen.) $PAGE On the next picture screen will be an enlarged part of the bigger map we looked at first. On that picture screen, click the mouse arrow on the country of Italy. $PAGE $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING MAP $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD E MAP $JUSTIFY CENTER MAP IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $LABEL TWO $PICTURE BOX 1 167 63 201 84 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO TWO $CASE >1 $GOTO TWO $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $FONT COURIER.24 $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE QUESTION $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Yes, Columbus was born in Italy. And in what city? $JUSTIFY CENTER $HINT The last letter is A. $HINT The first letter is G. $PAGE $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD His father was $HINT Letters 3, 4, and 5 are MEN. $HINT The last letter is O. $HINT The first letter is D. . $HINT The first three letters are COL. He was a weaver. $HINT Think of SHEEP. $PAGE $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD His mother, Colombo, $hint The first letter is S and the last letter is A. was the daughter of a . $hint The first letter is W and the last letter is R. $page $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD The boy was named , $hint The first five letters are CRIST. perhaps after Saint , $hint The first six letters are CHRIST. who was the patron saint of travelers. $PAGE $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $JUSTIFY LEFT $FONT COURIER.28 $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE CHILDHOOD $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Columbus had three younger brothers and a sister. He did not have much formal schooling, and did not learn to read or write until he became a young man. He apparently had red hair and blue eyes. He seems to have been a dreamy little boy. He may have first gone to sea in 1461, when he was only ten years old. $page $ADJUST 0 2 2 0 ' black background $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD $justify center How many brothers did Columbus have? Use a numeral -> <3> How many sisters? Use a numeral -> <1> $page $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $justify left FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Columbus apparently had hair and eyes. He may have first gone to sea in <1461> when he was only ten years old. He did not have much formal . $hint The answer rhymes with RULING. $PAGE $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $FONT COURIER.28 $JUSTIFY LEFT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE EARLY ADVENTURE $STYLE WHITE,BOLD In August of 1476, when he was 25 years old, Columbus had an adventure that changed his life. He was a seaman on a Flemish vessel named Bechalla. As it passed the Strait of Gibraltar, it was attacked and sunk by French vessels. Although wounded, Columbus reached the shore six miles away and was rescued. $PAGE On your picture screen map that you will now see, click the mouse arrow on the Strait of Gibraltar. Think and make your guess! $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $LABEL THREE $PICTURE BOX 1 122 91 140 95 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO THREE $CASE >1 $GOTO THREE $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT The vessel that Columbus sailed on was sunk by ships from France. On your picture screen map, click your mouse arrow on France. $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $LABEL FOUR $PICTURE BOX 1 136 55 171 74 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO FOUR $CASE >1 $GOTO FOUR $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $ADJUST 0 2 2 0 ' black background FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD In August of 1476, when he was <25> years old, Columbus had an adventure that changed his life. He was a seaman on a vessel named . As it passed the Strait of it was attacked and sunk by vessels. Although , Columbus reached the shore six away and was rescued. $PAGE $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $FONT COURIER.28 $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE TO LISBON $STYLE WHITE,BOLD When Columbus was rescued after the Bechalla went down, he was sent to Lisbon where his brother, Bartholomew, was living. This was fortunate because Portugal was then the liveliest country in Europe, and Lisbon was the center for exploration. Each spring, small vessels set forth to trade with Africa. $PAGE On your picture screen map, click your arrow on the country of Portugal. $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $LABEL FIVE $PICTURE BOX 1 116 75 128 92 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO FIVE $CASE >1 $GOTO FIVE $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $ADJUST 0 2 2 0 ' black background $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $FONT COURIER.24 FILL IN THE BLANKS $STYLE WHITE,BOLD When Columbus was rescued after the went down, he was sent to where his brother, , was living. This was fortunate because was then the liveliest country in , and was the center for exploration. Each spring, small vessels set forth to trade with . $PAGE $FONT COURIER.28 $STYLE WHITE,BOLD,UNDERLINE $ADJUST 0 1 1 15 ' BLUE background CHART-MAKING $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Bartholomew and Christopher developed a chart-making business in Lisbon. Whenever a ship returned from Africa, the two brothers would talk with the captain in order to learn new facts that could be used to improve their maps of known countries, or of the coast of Africa. $page On your picture screen map, click Africa. $PAGE $FONT TOPAZ.11 $PICTURE SHOW $LABEL SIX $PICTURE BOX 1 98 93 240 165 $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $SAY YES. $CASE <1 $GOTO SIX $CASE >1 $GOTO SIX $END SELECT $PICTURE MOVE 18 75 $PICTURE TEXT PORTUGAL $PICTURE MOVE 18 85 $PICTURE DRAW 122 85 $PICTURE MOVE 247 80 $PICTURE TEXT SPAIN $PICTURE MOVE 247 86 $PICTURE DRAW 137 86 $PICTURE MOVE 246 123 $PICTURE TEXT AFRICA $PICTURE MOVE 246 130 $PICTURE DRAW 145 130 $PICTURE MOVE 70 12 $PICTURE TEXT ENGLAND $PICTURE MOVE 70 23 $PICTURE DRAW 139 40 $PICTURE MOVE 247 55 $PICTURE TEXT FRANCE $PICTURE MOVE 247 61 $PICTURE DRAW 160 61 $PICTURE MOVE 246 70 $PICTURE TEXT ITALY $PICTURE MOVE 246 76 $PICTURE DRAW 191 76 $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline $ADJUST 0 2 2 0 ' black background FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Bartholomew and Christopher developed a - business in . Whenever a ship returned from , they would talk with the in order to learn new facts that could be used to improve their of known countries, or of the of Africa. $Lesson An Idea $JUSTIFY CENTER $FONT COURIER.28 $PAGE ONE $SAY TARGET, GAME $STYLE BOLD,YELLOW $JUSTIFY LEFT Y or N -> <*> $SELECT $CASE Y $FORMAT GAME $CASE N $FORMAT NORMAL $CASE $GOTO ONE $END SELECT $PAGE $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 $FONT courier.28 $style white,bold,underline $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background THE THEORY $STYLE WHITE,BOLD Most educated people of that time knew that the earth was not flat. They were willing to admit that the Orient could be reached by sailing west. But even the bravest sailors were afraid to try. The ocean was too big and dangerous. Strange fierce monsters might even exist. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Most people of that time knew that the earth was not . They were willing to admit that the could be reached by sailing . $page $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $style white,bold,underline THE PLAN $style white,bold We do not know exactly when Columbus decided that he would try to go to the Far East by sailing west. But once he had made up his mind, he devoted all of his energies to the project. He called his great plan the ENTERPRISE OF THE INDIES. What he needed was money, men, and equipment to carry it out. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Columbus called his plan to go to the Far by sailing the OF THE . $PAGE $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $style white,bold,underline MARRIAGE $style white,bold In 1479, Columbus returned to Lisbon from a trip to Genoa, and married Dona Felipa, who was a member of one of the most notable families in Portugal. At first, the young couple stayed with Dona Felipa's mother in Lisbon. Later, they moved to Porto Santo where their only child, Diego, was born. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In 1479, Columbus returned to Lisbon from a trip to , and married , who was a member of one of the most notable families in . At first, the young couple stayed with Dona Felipa's in . Later, they moved to where their only child, , was born. $page $ADJUST 0 1 1 15 ' BLUE background $style white,bold,underline MASTER MARINER $style white,bold By the time he was 31 or 32 years of age, Columbus was successful according to the standards of that time. He was a master mariner in the merchant service of Portugal, which had the best merchant marine in the world. He had connections through marriage with two important Portuguese families. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold By the time he was 31 or 32 years of age, Columbus was successful according to the standards of that time. He was a in the merchant service of , which had the best merchant marine in the world. He had connections through marriage with two important Portuguese . $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $style white,bold,underline DREAMS OF GLORY $style white,bold Despite his good position in society, Columbus was not satisfied. He was gripped by the idea of sailing west to the Far East. There he would find fame and fortune. Most of Eastern Asia was called the Indies. It included India, Burma, China, Japan, Indonesia, and the Moluccas. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Despite his good position in society, Columbus was not satisfied. He was gripped by the idea of sailing west to the Far East. There he would find fame and fortune. Most of Eastern Asia was called the . It included India, Bur, China, Japan, Indon, and the Mol. $Lesson More Motivation $FONT COURIER.28 $PAGE ONE $SAY TARGET, GAME $STYLE BOLD,YELLOW $JUSTIFY LEFT Y or N -> <*> $SELECT $CASE Y $FORMAT GAME $CASE N $FORMAT NORMAL $CASE $GOTO ONE $END SELECT $PAGE $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING MAP $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD MAP $JUSTIFY CENTER MAP IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 $font courier.28 $ADJUST 0 5 1 5 ' PURPLE background $style white,bold,underline LURE OF THE EAST $style white,bold In the fifteenth century, the fabled east captured the imagination of Europe. Eastern Asia contained great wealth in the form of gold, silver, jewels, silks, drugs, spices, and perfumes. But these could only be gotten by caravans crossing Asia. A sea route was badly needed. $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $FONT TOPAZY.8 $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE MOVE 219 50 $PICTURE TEXT CARAVANS -> $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In the fifteenth century, the fabled east captured the imagination of Europe. Eastern contained great wealth in the form of gold, silver, jewels, silks, drugs, spices, and perfumes. But these could only be gotten by crossing Asia. A route was badly needed. $page $ADJUST 0 15 5 1 ' ORANGE BROWN background $style white,bold,underline RELIGIOUS REASONS $style white,bold In addition to considerations of trade, there was a strong religious motivation involved in the desire to seek better contact with the Far East. The crusades had failed. But somewhere in the Orient there was rumored to be a powerful Christian prince named Prester John. Perhaps an alliance could be formed. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In addition to considerations of , there was a strong motivation involved in the desire to seek better contact with the Far East. The had failed. But somewhere in the there was rumored to be a powerful prince named . Perhaps an alliance could be formed. $page $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $style white,bold,underline MARCO POLO $style white,bold The information - or misinformation - that Europe had about the Far East at this time came from the Venetian, Marco Polo, who had spent approximately three years in China at the start of the fourteenth century. He wrote a book about his experiences. He told of Chinese rulers who had accumulated great wealth. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold The information - or misinformation - that Europe had about the Far East at this time came from the Venetian, , who spent approximately three years in at the start of the fourteenth century. He wrote a book about his experiences. He told of rulers who had accumulated great wealth. $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline MISCONCEPTION $style white,bold We should keep in mind that nobody had any idea that the continent we now call America lay waiting to be explored. The voyages of the Norsemen to the New World in the eleventh century were either unknown or forgotten. Everyone thought that Europe, Asia, and Africa formed one big island in a vast ocean. $page $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE RECT 5 3 175 186 $FONT TOPAZ.11 $PICTURE COLOR 1 $PICTURE MOVE 8 35 $PICTURE TEXT No one knew the $PICTURE MOVE 8 51 $PICTURE TEXT Americas existed. $PICTURE MOVE 8 67 $PICTURE TEXT That is why $PICTURE MOVE 8 83 $PICTURE TEXT Columbus said he $PICTURE MOVE 8 99 $PICTURE TEXT could sail west $PICTURE MOVE 8 115 $PICTURE TEXT across the ocean $PICTURE MOVE 8 131 $PICTURE TEXT to China. $DELAY 2 $PICTURE COLOR 3 $PICTURE MOVE 199 76 $PICTURE DRAW 180 83 $LET A = 180 $REPEAT 178 $LET A = A-1 $PICTURE DRAW A 83 $DELAY .1 $DONE $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold We should keep in mind that nobody had any idea that the continent we now call lay waiting to be explored. The voyages of the Norsemen to the World in the century were either unknown or forgotten. Everyone thought that Europe, Asia, and Africa formed one big in a vast ocean. $page $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline HOW FAR $style white,bold One question that Columbus was asked by his prospective backers was, "Just how far west is the Far East?" As things turned out, Columbus greatly underestimated the size of the world. He thought it would be 2,400 nautical miles from the Canaries to Japan. It is really 10,600 airline miles! $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold One question that Columbus was asked by his prospective backers was, "Just how far west is the ?" As things turned out, Columbus greatly underestimated the size of the . He thought it would be 2,400 miles from the Canaries to . It is really 10,600 miles! $Lesson Waiting For Backing $FONT COURIER.28 $PAGE ONE $SAY TARGET, GAME $STYLE BOLD,YELLOW $JUSTIFY LEFT Y or N -> <*> $SELECT $CASE Y $FORMAT GAME $CASE N $FORMAT NORMAL $CASE $GOTO ONE $END SELECT $PAGE $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING MAP $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD e map $JUSTIFY CENTER MAP IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline ROYAL INTERVIEW $style white,bold In 1484, Columbus made his first try at getting some royal financial backing for his proposed voyage. He talked to John II, who was the king of Portugal and a nephew of Henry the Navigator. The king referred the matter to a committee which turned down the idea. We don't know why it was rejected. $page $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 2 $picture rect 41 113 251 165 $FONT RUBY.9 $picture move 70 120 $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE TEXT Click on country $picture move 45 140 $picture text where King John ruled. $PICTURE BOX 1 116 74 130 92 $LABEL JOHN $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $say yes. $CASE <1 $GOTO JOHN $CASE >1 $GOTO JOHN $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In 1484, Columbus made his first try at getting some financial backing for his proposed voyage. He talked to II, who was the king of Portugal and a nephew of the . The king referred the matter to a which turned down the idea. We don't know why it was rejected. $page $ADJUST 0 0 0 15 ' BLUE background $style white,bold,underline TIES ARE BROKEN $style white,bold In 1485, Dona Felipa died in Lisbon. His wife's death, together with the unproductive audience with John II, combined to break the ties that Columbus had with Portugal. He left for Spain, taking with him his five-year-old son, Diego. He sailed to the sleepy little ports of Huelva and Palos. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In 1485, died in . His 's death, together with the unproductive audience with John II, combined to break the ties that Columbus had with . He left for , taking with him his five-year-old son, . He sailed to the sleepy little ports of Huelva and . $page $ADJUST 0 12 5 1 ' ORANGE BROWN background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline THE FRIARY $style white,bold Upon his arrival in Palos, Columbus took Diego to a Franciscan friary, and enrolled his little son as a pupil there. One of the Franciscans who had studied astronomy introduced Columbus to Count Medina Celi, an important shipowner in Cadiz. The count took an initial interest in Columbus's plan. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Upon his arrival in Palos, Columbus took Diego to a friary, and enrolled his little son as a pupil there. One of the Franciscans who had studied introduced Columbus to Count Medina , an important in . The count took an initial interest in Columbus's plan. $page $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline CHANGE OF SPONSOR $style white,bold Medina Celi asked Queen Isabella for her permission to allow him (Celi) to fund Columbus's project. But the Spanish monarch refused, believing that such a vital enterprise should be undertaken by the crown. However, this change of sponsorship actually delayed Columbus's voyage for six years. $page $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 2 $picture rect 41 113 251 165 $FONT RUBY.9 $picture move 70 120 $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE TEXT Click on country $picture move 45 140 $picture text where Isabella ruled. $PICTURE BOX 1 129 71 147 91 $LABEL queen $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $say yes. $CASE <1 $GOTO queen $CASE >1 $GOTO queen $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Medina Celi asked Queen for her permission to allow him (Celi) to fund Columbus's project. But the monarch refused, believing that such a vital enterprise should be undertaken by the crown. However, this change of sponsorship actually delayed Columbus's voyage for years. $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline WAITING $style white,bold Approximately nine months passed before Columbus was able to talk with the Spanish queen about his project. This was because the royal court was going from city to city, and Columbus did not have the money to follow. So he went to the city of Cordova to await the pleasure of Isabella. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Approximately nine passed before Columbus was able to talk with the queen about his project. This was because the court was going from city to city, and Columbus did not have the to follow. So he went to the city of to await the pleasure of . $page $ADJUST 0 0 0 15 ' BLUE background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline SECOND SON $style white,bold At Cordova, Columbus met a certain Diego de Harana who invited Christopher to his home. Here Columbus met a relative of the Harana family. Her name was Beatriz Enriquez. In 1488, she bore Christopher his second son, Ferdinand. Columbus never married her, but he did provide for her in his will. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold At Cordova, Columbus met a certain Diego de who invited Christopher to his home. Here Columbus met a relative of the family. Her name was . In 1488, she bore Christopher his second son, . Columbus never married her, but he did provide for her in his . $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $font courier.28 $style white,bold,underline A MISERABLE TIME $style white,bold On May Day, 1486, Columbus finally met Queen Isabella. His proposal was given to another committee. Again rejection. An unhappy period of six years began. Columbus was turned down once more by Portugal, and then by England and France. In January, 1492, Columbus was once more turned down by Spain. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold On May Day, 1486, Columbus finally met . His proposal was given to another . Again rejection. An unhappy period of six years began. Columbus was turned down once more by Portugal, and then by and France. In January, 1492, Columbus was once more turned down by . $Lesson Approval At Last $FONT COURIER.28 $PAGE ONE $SAY TARGET, GAME $STYLE BOLD,YELLOW $JUSTIFY LEFT Y or N -> <*> $SELECT $CASE Y $FORMAT GAME $CASE N $FORMAT NORMAL $CASE $GOTO ONE $END SELECT $PAGE $ADJUST 3 15 15 15 $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $style white,bold,underline THE CAPITULATIONS $style white,bold Finally, in April, 1492, the contracts (called the capitulations) between Columbus and the Spanish sovereigns were signed. Among other things, Columbus was to be governor of any lands he might find, and he was to get ten percent of all gold and merchandise produced by trade with these lands. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Finally, in April, <1492>, the contracts (called the ) between Columbus and the sovereigns were signed. Among other things, Columbus was to be of any lands he might find, and he was to get percent of all gold and merchandise produced by with these lands. $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $style white,bold,underline PREPARATIONS $style white,bold Now began the job of outfitting the little fleet. It took about three months to do this. Columbus used three ships - the Nina, the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. They were small. The Nina, for example, was not more than seventy feet long. Columbus liked her best. The Santa Maria was his flagship. When the Nina started out, she was lateen-rigged. At the Canary Islands, Columbus changed her into a square-masted vessel. On the next screen, you can see the difference. $page $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING PICTURE $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD BOTH $JUSTIFY CENTER PICTURE IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $FONT RUBY.15 $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 1 $PICTURE RECT 1 143 319 199 $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE MOVE 32 144 $PICTURE TEXT LATEEN- $PICTURE MOVE 32 160 $PICTURE TEXT RIGGED $PICTURE MOVE 188 144 $PICTURE TEXT SQUARE- $PICTURE MOVE 188 160 $PICTURE TEXT MASTED $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Now began the job of outfitting the little fleet. It took about three months to do this. Columbus used three ships - the ina, the

inta, and the . They were small. The Nina, for example, was not more than seventy feet long. Columbus liked her best. The Santa Maria was his . $page $ADJUST 0 1 5 1 ' green background $style white,bold,underline DEPARTURE $style white,bold In the early hours of August 3, 1492, Columbus set forth on his historic first voyage to the New World. His plan was a simple one. He sailed south to the Canary Islands and there made a right-angle turn aiming west. By September 10th, the last bit of land had vanished below the eastern horizon. $page $JUSTIFY CENTER LOADING MAP $JUSTIFY LEFT $PICTURE LOAD E MAP $JUSTIFY CENTER MAP IS LOADED $JUSTIFY LEFT $PAGE $PICTURE SHOW $PICTURE COLOR 2 $picture rect 41 113 251 165 $FONT RUBY.9 $picture move 70 120 $PICTURE COLOR 0 $PICTURE TEXT Click mouse arrow $picture move 45 140 $picture text on the Canary Islands. $PICTURE BOX 1 84 103 97 112 $LABEL CANARY $SELECT CASE BOX_NUM $CASE 1 $say yes. $CASE <1 $GOTO CANARY $CASE >1 $GOTO CANARY $END SELECT $DELAY .1 $PICTURE WAIT $adjust 0 2 2 0 $FONT COURIER.24 $style white,bold,underline $FONT COURIER.24 FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold In the early hours of 3, 1492, Columbus set forth on his historic first voyage to the N W. His plan was a simple one. He sailed south to the Islands and there made a right-angle turn aiming west. By September 10th, the last bit of land had vanished below the e h. $page $ADJUST 0 11 1 1 ' red background $style white,bold,underline PLAIN LIVING $style white,bold Life aboard ship was not comfortable. Only the captain had a cabin with bunks. The others slept in their clothes wherever they could. Cooking was done on deck. They drank wine while it lasted, then water from casks that often went bad. Food consisted of salt meat, hardtack, and dried peas. $page $adjust 0 2 2 0 $style white,bold,underline FILL IN THE BLANKS $style white,bold Life aboard ship was not comfortable. Only the had a cabin with . The others slept in their wherever they could. C was done on deck. They drank while it lasted, then from that often went bad. Food consisted of s m, h, and d p. $END