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The attempt to close the WorkBench while a window is open on the WorkBench, either a CLI wndow or a window from some other program, the KCS will not be ported it from the ST to the Amiga. Due to some slight differences in the while pressing the ESC causes scrollmg to terminate. ~~~~~~~~ Punching is used to replace a portion of an otherwise good track. The term "punching" is borrowed from multi track terminology, where it refers to re-recording a section of a track by punching the record button in at the one of the diamonds or arrows to the left of the event list. Clicking on experimentation. track option to a track. The track options are used to mute or solo a track, as well as for other functions. Clicking on the leftmost diamond sets the entry to its lowest legal value, sequencer's operating parameters that must be made. Click on SET OPTIONS, and a large edit window will appear. A number of different parameters can be set from this screen, but for the moment, we are only interested in one, DRUM CHANNEL, on the right side of the screen. The space to the right of this button displays the drum channel. Click on this space, then click on the rightmost diamond in the arithmetic strip at the bottom of the window to set the drum channel to 16. Press RETURN or click on OK to exit the edit window. Setting a channel to drum channel status tells the sequencer 100 segments. blank line ahead of the current event, at which point new events can be will do the paste before any event at the selected measure and step. by pressing F5. Selecting a track while this option is active will Edit Options ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The right half of the screen displays the available edit options. When an edit option is selected, a message will appear on the message line, and a dialog box or an edit window may appear. Dialog boxes and edit windows are described in Chapter 1 of this manual, and details on the individual edit in the previous line, except the TIME field, which always defaults to zero. velocity transpisition with an ST event. bottom of the screen, which displays information and prompts when an edit MUTE, SHIFT 1, and SHIFT - 1 are all part of a set of functions called track options. A track option determines what will happen to a track when it is selected with the mouse or its track key. There are over a dozen different track options, but only one can be turned on at any time. Some track options can be selected on the control panel, while others can only merger or a synth with a built in merge or echo function. The other in all ST and Amiga programs, while the edit cursor indicates the point at which editing will take place, or from which playback will begin if the right mouse button is clicked. be selected from the computer's keyboard. Another important track option 1- 1 4 0 ON F#4 77 5 1- 7 7 6 ON G 4 84 5 1- 13 8 6 ON A 4 76 4 different from the earlier sequences because of the mod wheel and foot data and to re-record the controllers at a later time. instrument manuals may show commands in hex In the following example, the MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 A 0 0 4 2- 1 2 96 E 0 0 1 original sequence or track. DELETE ORIGINAL will remove the specified message, edit window, or dialog box may appear. The specific details on each option are explained later in this chapter. program and volume change entries are optional; if you do not specify a portion of the screen, displays the play status of each of the first 36 the other tracks. SOLO can also be selected by pressing F8. TIME setting. In the same way type in the number shown in the following screen shot. Use the UNDO key to erase mistakes before pressing RETURN, or use the mouse to place the edit cursor over your mistake and type in the corrected data on a previously entered line. The NAME column will remain blank as you enter each sequence, though if we had named the sequences when creating them the names would appear at this point. not to transpose that channel, which would change each drum to another drum if applied to a MIDI drum part. Since sequence 8 is transposed each time and double clicks you can also move to the play screen by holding down the SHIFT button while right clicking. The Amiga may have problems with double When you use PASTE in Track mode, remember that all tracks will loop when track 1 finishes playing. Notes that are pasted onto a track at a measure and step that is past the end of track 1 will not sound when all tracks are played at once, and extending track 1 will cause a gap in the other tracks Play/Record ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The MUTE function can also be modified using the SHIFT and ALTERNATE keys in conjunction with the mouse. If ALTERNATE is held down while MUTE is active and a track is selected with the mouse, that track will be muted if it ts playing, but will not be unmuted is it is already muted. Conversely, in Chapter 1, the sequencer is ready to record immediately. (If you are 1- 25 5 6 1 ON C 3 58 10 1- 31 6 6 1 ON C 3 45 10 1- 37 7 6 1 ON C 3 34 10 1- 43 8 6 1 ON C 3 23 10 in ihc event list: 4. This track is a slight variation on track 5, and doesn't contribute 1. Appending to track 1 thus increases the effective length. Appends that 1- 1 1 0 RA 4 MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR appropriate for that mode. the variation is piaced in the first available sequence or track, and the ON events in the sequence. The original sequence or track is unaffcted, combinations of tracks and copying all tracks to a number of sequences it's any track, either with the mouse or by pressing a track key will mute or FlO key is pressed, or when the end of track 1 is reached, if track 1 has ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Numeric / Shift-Numeric . (1000 only) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ recording is described in detail in Chapter 7. pressing SHIFT and the letter. Changing the STEPS/BEAT setting, on the side of the screen is a list of editing options. Click on the OPEN MODE playing. In this example, starting sequence A will pause until sequence 1 that between any other two events. This is because the KCH scales velocity outlines the first event indicates the data that can be edited. The CURSOR you can use any commercial or home-built MIDI interface that connects to option is selected, and a set of select boxes below the edit options, for recommend that you start by reading this chapter and the tutorials, A separate backup sequence is created whenever a TRANSPOSE, CUT, PASTE, them. options appear below. Transpose/Auto ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The TRANSPOSE/AUTO option manipulates data in a variety of ways. An edit window appears in which you can specify the range of events to be processed, the operation to perform, and the parameters used by the available options. Only one of the available options can be chosen for a The start and stop points for the cue loop can be changed in a number of The select boxes which are the small numbered boxes stacked at the bottom MUTE, SOLO and SET SWITCH tutorial if you accidentally mangle the sequence. columns hold the minutes, seconds and tenths of seconds values for the cue for editing tracks, and for accessing other parts of the program. In this Using the Keyboard and Mouse sequencer advances to the start of the loop. Boot the program as described at the end of Chapter 1, and the Track mode Play/record screen will appear. If your system is connected as suggested arrangement see the sections on MIDI MERGE, ECHO, and Local Control OFF in is to made up for the DE event and its associated TIME value that weren't (which can only be selected with the CLR HOWlE key) is active, selecting a edit screen which should now look like This: the controller being changed. The numbers used to represent each 1- 13 3 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 1 1 0 1 0 -20 2W MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ON events make up the majority of most sequences. The DE event is a Text and Map ~~~~~~~~~~~~ key. do all of your sequence chaining in Song mode. Song mode is intended primarily for use with multi-instrument sequences created in Track mode, as Users who are familiar with the Commodore or Apple versions of the KCS will The data on the TYP field indicates the event type. All the events up to this point have been ON events, which represent note on and off messages. "deleted event", a dummy event in which nothing occurs except the passage the occurrence of the previous event, and the start of the next sequence. The RECORD button on the control panel is used to turn recording on and After you get a feel for muting tracks, return each track to its original MUTE status (see the screen shot earlier in this chapter) and unmute track anything of interest, yet. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 * 243 1- 1 2 0 * 11 Reversing the order of tbe sequence yields: Mute tracks 1 and 6, and copy the other tracks into sequence 7. the last segment shown. If your song is more than a full screen long, you If you want to add segments to a song, click under SEQ on the line below can use the scroll arrows to move up and down. A song can contain up to cursor can also be moved to any point within the edit box by clicking the The play/reoord screen is divided into two major sections: the control MIDI, set it to sync to MIDI clock and select a plain vanilla 4/4 pattern. using a master keyboard and a set of expander modules, you will probably need to turn on MIDI mergng by clicking the mouse on the MERGE button in it is used in calculations when synchronizing to an external clock. structures. CH: The MIDI channel or the event. The CH field is not used for non-MIDI events, or for MIDI events which don't carry channel information. Channel throughout the program by the SPACE bar. In many cases, the RETURN and SPLlT allows you to split the current sequence or track into two parts by When recording note on and note off messages, if any note has a duration of Data may be typed into the data felds, or data can be entered using the copy the current track to the first unused track. Remember that both this ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These three track options are used to selectively mute one or more tracks during playback. MUTE, which was described earlier in the section on track options can also be activated with the F3 key. columns to the right of the SEQ column are used to enter tempo, transposition, and other information. Use the cursor control keys to move start of the unwanted section and punching out at the end. controllers such as pitch bend patch changes and aftertouch. CNTRLRS enter data that is appropriate for the type of event that you are editing. Punching on the KCS is a little different than punching on a tape deck. Instead of erasing the punched portion of a track, the track is simply accidental and unsightly loss of data. (and the A: button on the Attari) should be highlighted; if not, change would inject an illusion of spontaneity into a drum part. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 1 ON C 3 100 10 1- 7 2 6 1 ON C 3 89 10 1- 13 3 6 1 ON C 3 80 10 The mouse and the BACKSPACE and cursor control keys can be used to move the cursor around the text area, and the CLR HOME key will erase the entire line which holds the cursor. Note that .ALL files saved by versions of the program before 1.5 will display gibberish in the text area when loaded. This is normal, and can be written over with no danger of damaging your data. ECHO is similar to MERGE, except that data is rechannelized prior to XL events are much like XX events except that the sequences specified in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ AC and DC events are used to create proportional changes in tempo, as example, if you invert velocity around 50, a velocity of 70 will become 30, PLAY when the CUE button is lit has the same effect. The TAB key can also be used to activate the cue loop, and the SLASH (/) key will turn cueing off. of music depending on the requirements of the piece or the mood of the which are explained later in this chapter. The most commonly used event type is the note on event, which has a TYP value of ON. The meaning of the Hold down the SHIFT key and press F1. The MUTE light will go off and the 1- 1 6 0 2 0 0 12W events with the sequence or track. As with TM events AC and DC events the cue was played, there may be a slight delay between loops as the using the real time clock. You should also remember to start any pieces 1- 1 5 0 ST 05 0 1 1- 1 4 0 ST 03 0 1 words "SHIFT 1" will appear on the message line. Click on track 4, and the overall operation of the edit screens, are similar in all three modes. The repeat. Once the song is complete, it can be played from the Song mode 6 for l6th notes 8 for 8th note triplets 12 for 8th notes 16 for quarter note triplets 24 for quarter notes 48 for half notes 96 for whole notes changes to pitch, duration, velocity, MIDI channel, and timing for all notes in a sequence or track. Notes and other MIDI events can be edited When selecting tracks or sequences on the play and recoed screens, numerals notes played on monophonic instruents to retrigger when legato parts are played, by ensuring that a note off message is sent before the next ON the lower right corner of the screen.) the selected range. CHAPTER 2 ~~~~~~~~~ these settings by clicking on the appropriate button. Click on the LOAD button and a file selector box will appear. Click on the name of the file to be loaded (RECORTUT.ALL) followed by OK. punched data can be erased and the two tracks merged. The details on can only have one set of punch points, but separate punch points can be set There are two cursors on the edit screen: the mouse pointer, and the edit REP: The number of times that you wish the segment to repeat. If you want the segment to play only once, you do not need to enter this field. affected either. Note that since the value in the TIME field represents the amount of time that elapses before an event occurs time reversal will not preserve the relationship between an REGARDING THE RESPONSE OF YOUR INSTRUMENTS TO SYSTEM EXCLUSIVE DATA. The TIME values for the list of possible events are ignored when playing though they should all be set to 0 to avoid confusion when editing tracks or sequences and especially to avoid conflicts when merging tracks or sequences. Also note that while the RA event is recognized in all three the names of these fields are only meaningful for a note on or note off edit screen. You will probably find it too time consuming to enter or edit Before editing sequencc 1, we want to play it through a few times to hear The W's in the the duration fields are WAIT flags which cause playback of The range for velocily is 0 - 127, with 127 being the loudest or brightest. Step Time Track PT - Transpose sequence pitch 1- 1 1 0 ST 01 0 1 2- 1 2 96 ST 23 0 2 for notes with release velocity or for notes greater than 999 steps long) These options allow you to delete an unwanted track or sequence. A dilog Before starting to record, click on the CNTRLRS button. This enables the recording of MIDI controller infonmation such as pitch beet modulataon wheel, and sustain pedal movement. Play along with the sequencer until you DELETE ORIGINAL and ERASE ORIGINAL affect the data that is left in the the TIME field on the first line after the end of the sequence or track, 1- 1 3 0 2 0 0 2W 1- 1 4 0 3 0 0 1 field. Specify the number of repeats under DUR. You cannot specify a TRACK MODE PLAY/RECORD The Track mode play/record screen of the KCS functions as a 48 track tape there is enough memory available to load the new program, it will be loaded tempo. Pressing the, and . keys (COMMA and PERIOD) will also change the single right click on the mouse will play the selected sequence or track, familiar with multi-track tape recording you may want to work exclusively and will appear in the status display under PUN. Selecting the track a second time will set the end point for the punch, and the track will be Note that secondary sequences can start other sequences button is intended as a reminder on how to toggle the KCS drag bar at the top of the screen. Moving the mouse to the right edge of the screen and clicking the left mouse button will cause a drag bar to Which mode you choose for a given piece of music will depend on your level of familiarity with the program, as well as the requirements of the piece. probably want to dive right into Open mode, to take advantage of its chain them into a song. Click on SONG MODE on the Track mode edit screen, ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ the range of notes to be deleted, which defaults to the range that we just Punch-In 1- 25 3 12 1 ON E 3 50 10 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CHANNEL ASSIGN changes the MIDI channel numbers of events in the selected range. If only the first of the two data fields to the right of this switch contains a value, all events will be assigned to this channel if these values are present, then consccutive events will be assigned to the next higher MIDI channel within the specified range. This is useful for note in this sequence piays; in other words this sequence starts on an press. This manual is current for version 1.6 of the KCS. erase an entire sequence or track - at least one event must remain. including their names, comments and lengths in measures and events, as well MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ transposition of 0. sequences that start with events on channel 3 will be set to a velocity 1- 1 1 0 PT 01 12 Enter TM under TYP, the desired tempo (in beats per 5- 1 3 288 TM 140 2 S 16th note 6 9 4 screen. If a single right click does not produce the expected results ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The COMPRESS/EXPAND option changes the timing of the overall sequence or track. This option can also be used to speed up or slow down a part, relative to the other part of your song. The number next to other tracks in Song mode, or in Open mode using control sequences. channel 1, then stop the remaining sequences one measure later: would like to remove a portion of a sequence from, one occurrence of a sequences were playing at once. In track mode, this task is accomplished ~~~~~~~~~~~ MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR clicking on the bottom, diamond moves to the end of the list, and clicking See the sect@on on INSERT and ADJUST for more details. recording functions, and there is a set of hidden controls for lesser used offbeat, namely the second haaf of the first beat of the measure. This is 1- 37 4 12 1 ON F 4 50 10 have not been specified. Sequences entered in Song mode should not contain Each of these options makes a permanent copy of the current sequence or Tracks can also be erased with the erase track option. When this option DE - Deleted event (rest) play/record screen, but any value desired may be entered from the SET sequence or track. A copy of the appended sequence is simply tacked onto segment does not start until 48 time steps (half a measure at the default mode editing tutorial for a look at how the sequencer stores and PRIMARY, ST, XX, XL, MS, or US events, as these are ignored in Song mode. SEQ TO ALL TRACKS copies an Open mode sequence into Track mode. All mergina and/or recording. Clicking on ECHO causes a display of the current echo channel to appear beneath the ECHO button; clicking on the associated >> and << symbols will change the echo channel. The functions of the MERGE and ECHO buttons are duplicated with the SEMICOLON (;) and BACKSPACE keys, respectively. When ECHO is active, the status of the MERGE switch is ignored. the original and edited track within the context that they are to be used. POSITION plays the current sequence or track from the position of the edit can be repeated for all 48 tracks, in much the same way that drum machines ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ FIND is used to locate a particular measure in a track or sequence. will attempt to keep the length of the sequence constant, by subtracting from the TIME value of the first event after the insert point. If the TIME value for this event becomes 0, the program will no longer be able to adjust, and the length of the sequence or track will increase as more events are entered. Type in the new name, and press RETURN. RECORD the TIME column . The TIME abbreviations and the corresponding number of column will cause the program to immediately display the selected time in sequencer operaton to get started making some music. More details on editing can be found in Chapter 4. CHAPTER 4 ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ OF - Note off (also entered as OFF) PG - Program change CC - Control change AT - Aftertouch, or channel pressure PB - Pitch bend ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PRIMARY events are used to start any primary sequence (1 - 9, A - Z), When SM Events ~~~~~~~~~ highest, G9. The MIDI chapter has a table of note values and MIDI note numbers. To invert pitch around middle C, enter a value of 60. Inverting the C scale from, sequence 1 around middle C will produce a descending will usually cause the part to change keys, except for certain inversion points. In the example of the C minor scale, inverting around 60 changes the scale to a G Phrygian scale, while inverting around 62 gives an E minor appropriate alphabetic or numeric key. The remaining 93 sequences are box will request the sequence or track number; the selection in this box ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ screen will come up. Click the right mouse button or press Fl to play the Association, and are listed in the MIDI chapter. The value under VEL will 3- 1 3 96 ST A 0 4W Click on the PLAY button, and the song will start to play. the word ALIGN will appear on the screen. Watch the measure-step display Program Environment (MPE). Clicking on EXT will cause a GEM file selection Note that the external programs use memory that would otherwise be used for event storage, so there are some tradeoffs involved in loading mulyiplr appear at the top of the screen. You can now move the KCS screen in relation to any other screens using the gadgets on the drag bar, as with most other Amiga programs. Edit Windows and Dialog Boxes windows, which were specifically designed for the KCS, are used by operations requiring more than a few data entries in the ST version, or for all operations in the Amiga version. to be pressed will appear on the message line. Press Y to erase the punched data, L to erase the punched data and merge the track with the last The Amiga version of the KCS will continue running when other windows are 1- 1 1 0 ST 01 0 1 2- 1 2 96 MS 01 1- 1 1 0 1 ON C 4 64 12 1- 8 2 7 1 CC 0 2 1- 8 3 0 1 CC 1 4 transposition, velocity transposition, and number of repeats for that PG events will make the instrument on the specified MIDI channel change in use (except as noted above), so you may use any of your other Amiga Gradual tempo changes can be made by creating a string of evenly spaced AC or DC cvents, and playing them along with a sequence or track either by merging them into the sequence or track, or by playing them simultaneously increase ty 1O% over the space of one measure. from 0 for the lowest MIDI key (C - 1 in our notation), to 127 for the scale, etc. played starting at the cue point, or if a range is selected, that range original to be used. that sequence will be lost. as well as many more that have no counterparts on the physical instrument. the value beside INVERT sets the center point for the inversion. 5- 1 4 0 B 0 0 2W Since the essential theme of this sequence repeats every measure, we can delete all but the first measure of the sequence. The first event of the second measure is event 13; the event number is listed in the EVNT field. Click on event 13, then while holding the left mouse button down move the and A are started a measure apart. Sequence 23 will play twice, transposed up eight half steps. Sequence 01 will play four times and the control sequence will wait for sequence A to finish before proceeding. MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR XX and XL Events ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ XX events are sequence stop events. They allow you to line. Clicking on GET BACKUP will swap the backup and the edited sequence, copy Click on BACKUP, and a confirmation message will appear in the message for qufck comparisons. After you're sure you're done an editing operation described below. The PLAY option displays a dialog box with five options. GO TO PLAY SCREEN takes you directly to the play screen. Double clicking the right mouse set of mutually exclusive choices (such as one of the three clock source useful for making a backup that will not be heard with your other tracks in sequences. You can also select the number of times you wish to paste. The program cursor on event 24, and click on ERASE. When the dialog box appears, click adusted so that the measure and step of that event will remain the same. assembled into a song in Song mode. The ALL TRACKS TO; SEQ Option will expanded structuring capabilities. If you are new to sequencing but are Note that the MSR-ST field now reads 1-1 for the first event, which means the beginning by clicking on START or END. It is not possible to delete or events (which stop a sequence), XL events (which stop a sequence from The value under DUR is the number of times the sequence will repeat. It MUTE and SWITCH features described in Chapter 6 allow you to easily compare To add notes to the end of a sequence or track, place the edit cursor in changes, etc.) of the currently selected sequence or track, and is where holding down SHIFT while selecting a track with the mouse will unmute any keys as meaning "mute only" and "unmute only" respectively.) QUANT appears, run the program by double clicking on the large monitor-shaped bare minimum, of restrictions on the form of that music. This allows each Clicking on the >> or << symbols will incrcase or decrease the internal confirm this choice. Answer "y" to erase the track, or "n" to keep the track. Select another track option, such as MUTE, to turn this option off. OPTIONS screen, is turned off. The Event List their corresponding steps/measure values. PHRASE LENGTH ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The length of the phrase which is pasted to the new location can also be changed by entering a phrase length, in measures and steps, under PHRASE LENGTH. These features can be particularly useful when doing multiple pastes. Note that the program will not allow you to increase the time or the event being pasted. There are two different ways to select a paste location: either by event Clicking on PAUSE or pressing the ESC key will temporarily stop the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ scroll arrows, located on the left edge of the event list. Clicking on any of the top three sets of arrows will move the diplay window up the event list, and clicking on the lower sets moves the window down the list. Clicking on the scroll diamonds above or below the scroll arrows will move highlighted, which indicates that the sequencer is ready to record. We won't bem recording anything for a while, so click on this button to overdub tracks that are the length of the entire song. This allows you to In this example sequence A is played four times, one measure later sequence in Track mode until you have finished a couple of small pieces. Once you software (including Dr. T's Caged Artist patch editors for the Amiga!) while your music plays. See your Amiga documentation for more on program change, the value under NOTE represents the program number. Not will make a very undesirable popping sound when changing. When entering a current position. When the middle diamond is used, pressing the CONTROL key will cause scrolling to pause until the CONTROL key is pressed again, high. The acceptable range for the inversion point is 1 - 127. The Selecting INVERT causes high values to become low and low values to become program will perform the inversion around the value you enter. For two computer's keyboards, however, some of the keys used for control erased and all edit functions will return to normal as soon as play Quit perform this function externally such as K-Switch. Because of memory In Open mode, pressing the left and right mouse buttons simultaneously will will be played for the selected track, as well as all other umnuted tracks. be used for special effects. The number next to AUTO-CORRECT sets the two measure/step values, the second of which defaults to the current decrease the phrase length in a way which affects the relative timing of number, or by specifying a measure and step. If you specify EVENT NUMBER, the paste occurs immediately before the event specified to the right of the 1- 55 10 12 1 ON C 3 1 10 Note that the difference in velocity between the last two events is twice linearly over time, NOT the number of events. Since the time of the last The second segment plays sequence F with the tempo increased to 120. which contain data are shown as boxes with a number in them while empty pedal, breath controller, etc.) one event at a time. You may find it slightly nonstandard MIDI output jack. While the MIDI spec calls for pins line or click the left mouse button. The note data from the lead synth part is much easier 3 read with the Now that we've got all three parts edited, let's combine them into a short 1- 1 1 0 A 0 0 4W 2- 1 2 96 E -2 8 1 5- 1 3 288 A 7 12 2 possible to build sections of a song in Track mode. We will use this to record. The metronome will start to tick, and the MIDI channel of the and enter the data as described above. mode record screen. printing when sending the map to a printer. If SHIFT is held down when MAP button from the edit screen (or single clicking the right mouse while the Cllck on OK or press RETURN to copy the unmuted tracks (tracks 3, 5, and 7) into sequence 2. except the selected track. Selecting the track a second time will unmute feel comfortable with Track mode, you can transfer your tracks to Open mode Q Quarter note 24 36 16 SHIFT and Fl - FlO. The function of the FlO key is also duplicated note value. A dialog box will ask you to specify the entire sequence or a range. It will also ask for a split point. This must be entered as a MIDI note number (60 = middle C). All note events with note values greater than or equal to the entered note number will be copied to the first unused with a split point of 60 will therefore remove all in notes at or above transposition, or tempo change, you need only enter the sequence number. the top diamond moves the cursor to the first event in the event list, different parts of the arithmetic strip will change the value there. It is considered good practce to plug the MIDI interface into the computer step of any new measure in step 1 of that measure NOT step 0. the second repetition of the sequence. and the measure/step counter will start counting. Recording ends when the then played twice at a tempo of 140, and then twice again transposed up 12 may quietly shut on the note and make the change, while other instruments of parts in 1024. For example, if an AC event has a value of 1024, the ~~~~ Press RETURN, go to the play screen and play sequence 1. Everything should metronome will start to flash, the audible metronome will start to beep, mode before you attempt to use control sequences. You may also choose to on OK to erase event 24. ERASE is similar to erasing a small section of a the required amount. common or system exclusive information from your sequences. When sending a on ** and typing the sequence numbber. DC - Decelerando (decrease tempo) Auto-Correct always some possibility that bugs exist. We suggest that you become (or the SPACE bar) is pressed. As soon as recording starts the visual chapters describing the six disk operations and sequencer options, and will erase the current track, without affecting the sequencer's playback. MEAS/STEP is used primarily when you want to paste at a point in the sequence which is not a location of an event in the sequence. The program COMPRESS/EXPAND sets the amount of compression or expansion (in percent), Copy how much multi-tasking you plan to do. This setting can't be changed once Track mode play/record screen will appear. drum key assignments, set them according to the table at the end of Chapter enough that no significant changes had to be made to the program when we Clicking on BACKUP will make a copy of your current sequence or track. The starting at the location of the edit cursor. If a range has been highlighted a single right click will play only the highlighted events. Note that this occurs even if the selected range has been scrolled on the check the message line to confirm that the proper range is selected. ~~~~ The COPY command is identical to the CUT command except that the selected possible to copy all of a sequence or track. to use drum, machine or other MIDI clock source as a master clock while multi-tasking. SHIFT key is held down) will accomplish the same thing. PLAY CURRENT cursor; clicking the right mouse button once does the same thing. PLAY can be set from the play screen, or with the SET AND PLAY NEW CUE option. In Open mode, a dialog box will ask for a sequence and a starting measure described in detail in Chapters 6 - 9, and summarized in the Appendix. sequences in the list could each be a set of tom rolls; for instance, which time period as in the others. sequence being edited. The sequence will now sound as though both songs, tracks, and sequences may be saved, all 48 tracks may be saved as a and highlight the events from 1 to 12 by holding the left mouse button down and moving the mouse pointer to event 1. (This is known as "dragging" the Now double click the right mouse button to go to the Open mode play screen, arrangement. By now, you should have a good idea of the basic technique of Track mode manipulates musical data. CHAPTER 3 ~~~~~~~~~ start to record on an unnamed track or sequence, the program will name the track or sequence with the MIDI channel number. The event type will be part Inserting an MS event in the master control sequence, followed by a US event at the appropriate time, will blank out the designated sequence in that portion of the composition. event. options). Whether a button is a toggle switch or a selector switch is usually obvious from context, and is easily determined through Cut, Copy, and Paste 1- 1 3 0 ST 11 0 1 The values for EVENT NUMBER and MEAS/STEP will default to the current location of the edit cursor. STEP TIME RECORD for more information. If you are in Track mode, you 1- 49 5 12 1 ON G 3 50 10 is selected. The map will be sent directly to the printer, without going Sequencer recognizes are: Clicking on ERS PUN or pressing F6 selects the erase punch option. If you choose any option other than Go To PLAY SCREEN, the edit sreen will be displayed during play. The word PLAY will appear on the mcssage line. You can stop play at any point by pressing the left mouse button or Fl. You can also restart play from, the beginning by pressing FlO, the SPACE SONG MODE EDITING ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Song mode provides a simple environment for creating longer pieces (songs) by chaining Open mode sequences. This task can be accomplished much more generally with control sequences in Open mode, but Song mode is only one sequence can play at any time. There is certainly no limit to the complexity of the music that you can create using Track mode and Song mode. the center of that parameter's range. Clicking on the >>> or <<< symbols keyboard, will unmute the track. UNDO Right AMIGA key INSERT Right ALT key CLR HOME Shift-DEL Numeric ( Numeric - (1000 only) Move the edit cursor to event 13, and click on PASTE. A rather complex should remember that the entire length of all tracks is the length of track Version 1.6 of the KCS has the ability to record short system exclusive A single byte event may be sent over MIDI by entering a * under event TYP make a backup before making any change that can not easily be reversed. when the SET AND PLAY CUE optIon is selected; play will then start from tape recorder environment of Track mode and individual Open mode scquences. program will set the time of the first event recorded so that it is at the TIME: The time at which this event occurs in relation to the start of the sequence, in half steps, and REP shows how many times the sequence will The edit screen is divided into four sections: the event list on the left half of the screen, the edit options on the right side, the message line at the bottom of the screen, and the select boxes, below the edit options. The event list displays up to 21 events (notes, program changes, control time signature, it may prove less confusing to use a single SM setting that How to Use This Manual 1- 1 1 0 1 ON C 4 50 94 The number or letter in the column labeled SEQ determines which sequence measure. bar, or the right mouse button. Tf you do neither, the word PLAY will be note is twice that of the others, the velocity drops twice as much in that ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The next few sections of the chapter describe how each of the sequence If you were to continue playing on your keyboard, recording would start on interface on the market, wnth the notable exception of Roland's MPU 401.) fields (MSR-ST and EVNT), so clicking the mouse on these fields has no delay specification, just type over it with blanks. You can delete an ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ and the DUR button on the same line causes durations to be affected as well as time. Each note's TIME and/or DUR value will be multiplied by the sequence or track which is twice as long as the original, 50 makes the part half as long, etc. Time Reverse The GET BACKUP command exchanges your current sequence or track data with the most recently made backup. This allows you to swap and compare the by entering a single digit or letter. Each event type is described in This is used to enter the record screen from Open mode only. Open mode ~~~~~~~~~ transposition of 7 would raise the pitch up seven half steps (a fifth). A Transposing pitch by -12 drops all notes down one octave, and a pitch velocity transposition of 24 increases all MIIDI velocities by 24 (making in the other modes. Type in the new segments pressing RETURN after each started. A will be transposed up two half steps, and 2 will be transposed down four half steps. and the SPACE bar to clear them out. The TAB key will move the cursor to the next field, and SHIFT-TAB will move the cursor back one field. The why the sequence doesn't sync properly with the metronome. Open Mode Sequences ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A sequence in Open mode may contain any type of MIDI data or commands to start or stop other sequences. Sequences are divided into two types, primary and secondary. There are 35 primary sequencesc designated by the single numerals 1 - 9, and the letters A - Z. Primary sequences can be started and stopped from the Open mode play screen by pressing the 5- 1 4 0 B 0 0 2W 2- 1 2 384 DE using the BACKSLASH key from the play/record screen. Delete Sequence and Delete Track - 48, and an associated track key, which is a single key on the computer is more like cutting out a piece of the tape, since the sequence in shortened when events are deleted. synths to the computer using a MIDI through jack on your master synthesizer, if present. Assign each instrument to its own MIDI channel, recording you will need a MIDI merger to connect the computer's MIDI input to both devices simultaneously. E plays one time, and three measures later the tempo is set to 140.2 BPM as sequence B starts playing. You should put a TM event as fhc first event in your control sequence to assure that it always plays at the correct tempo. To maintain optimum accuracy when using the real time clock or values. Typing any of these abbreviations while the cursor is in the TIME steps using the system default of 24 steps/quarter note are given in the following table: Track mode. Note that neither this option or the APPEND and MERGE options range of events for editing. Place the edit cursor at the top or bottom of The Open mode and Track mode edit screens let you make individual or global Dialog boxes, which are described in the manual that came with your ST, These commands utilize what we call the paste buffer. You can use the Once the file is loaded, the program will return to the the window to the top or bottom of the event list, and clicking on the middle diamond will cause continuous scrolling. Practice scrolling through the event list with these controls then return to the top of the list. Times to Paste and First Event Time ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ CONTROLLER PAUSE switch on the SET OPTIONS screen. Clicking on PAUSE will though controllers may be recorded depending on the setting of the restart the sequencer. make it far more powerful than an actual tape deck. Open mode is a more The highlighted portion of the sequence can be played by clicking the right ouse button. Do this now and note that the measure/step display and a message appear at the bottom of the Screen. Now click on DELETE in the edit options area. A dialog box will ask for selected. To delete the selected range, click on OK. Clicking on UNDO at ~~~~~ PRINT sends a copy of the current sequence or track to the printer. The range is set as described above for DELETE and ERASE. If there is no printer conected or if the printer doesn't respond, a dialog box will ask ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ copy all unmuted tracks into a specified sequence. By muting various technique to make a short song from these tracks. Stop the sequencer, and mute tracks 1, 2 4, 6, and 8. Press the ! durations used should be one less than the corresponding TIME values. with no corresponding note off, which is useful for creating notes with durations greater than 999 clock steps. should be placed on multiples of six clock steps for best results when to set the sequencer's operation options, and to move from one mode to the next. 12; if not, it should work as is. If your drum machine can't be played via played from any event by placing the edit cursor on that line and right field, type a space, and look at the screen. The white box which now LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT keys, as well as the TAB and SHIFT-TAB keys@ can be (SHIFT-1) key, and an edit window labeled COPY TO SEQUENCE will appear. new notes to occur, and MIX 2 only permits notes that are found in the Track mode. It is also useful if you have a part that you want to use in Track mode in more than one context, as you can use the COPY SEQ TO TRACK Copy Seq to Track ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This option copies an Open mode sequence into the first unused track in turning off the RE-RECORD STOP button. In this case, clicking on RE-RECORD you want to create legato parts without overlapping (slurred) notes the original tracks such as lead lines and drum fills. keyboard/sound generator arrangement you are using. For the rest of this The SOLO track option is used to solo a track, that is, mute all tracks modes and performs several independent, yet inter-retated, functions. Our G8. will paste copies of the paste buffer, one after the other, for the number and Z, respectively. You can thus hear either backup sequence from the A block of adjacent tracks can be muted or umuted by holding down the left duration is auto-corrected, the resulting duration values are actually one limits for the length of the list are 2 - 255. After the selected event is the RA event, and the length of this list is set by the numbmr in the NOTE colunn. The for assembly into songs, either in Song mode or, after you've gained more on the numeric keypad will NOT have the same effect as the numerals on the typewriter keyboard. Function keys Fll - F20 are accessed by pressing ENTER keys will perform the same function, though there are some parts of the sequencer in which these keys act differently. Such instances will be bit, then place the cursor over the 2 in the TIME field, type 0, and press of times selected. TIMES TO PASTE is used for the first three paste options only; it is ignored if you select FILL TO END or MERGE TO END. 1- 61 6 12 1 ON A 3 50 10 track recorded (thereby replacing the punched data), or N to cancel the command. descrebed below will have any effect on the sequence being copied, merged Record first MIDI message recorded will be displayed for track 1 in the upper left and the byte value to - 255) under NOTE. This allows sending any system edit screen. ERASE TRK causes the most recently recorded complete track to be erased, Song Mode Editing Options ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ when PLAY is selected. If a cue point has been set, playback or recording mouse button and dragging the mouse over those tracks. The status of each used with the ST, these cables can cause data to become garbled, so check unmute that track. The track keys are single keys on the computer keyboard what it sounds like. Double click the right mouse button, and the Open mode play screen will appear. Press the 1 key on the typewriter keyboard and sequence 1 should start playing on MIDI channel 1. After listening for a bit, return to the edit screen by pressing F1. buttons. Experiment with these controls then return the sequencer to PLAY status at a comfortable tempo. Click the mouse on the display for track 1 in the status area, and the word MUTE will appear on that line, and the track will be silenced. Clicking on key. Be careful when using this button, as the sequencer will not ask you Dr. T's Keyboard Controlled Sequencer ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The Keyboard Controlled Sequencer is a program which operates in three new set of tracks that are the equivalent of the song. This will be much longer than the original tracks, and will allow us to overdub tracks that your cables carefully before using them. Worse yet, some instruments short generalized sequencing system which allows for completely independent Before doing any editing on the sequence, it's a good idea to make a backup called secondary sequences and are designated by two digit numbers from 00 through 92. These sequences may be started from the Open mode play screen by pressing two digits on the numeric keypad. They playback of both tine using the computer keyboard, and as many sequences as desired can be played simultaneously. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 A 2 0 1 1- 1 2 0 2 -4 0 1 selected measure. This feature allows you to add new material at any point in a set of tracks. or appended. COPY SONG TO SONG lets you copy the current song to the first unused song. connectors are optically coupled so a wrong connection will at worst result for the sequence. The comments for the sequence will default to a list of message will appear if there is no room for the copy. It is a good idea to DELETE, ERASE, or SPLIT operation occurs. Clicking on UNDO or pressing the UNDO key will swap this sequence with the altered original track or sequence. ~~~~~~~~~~~~ The TIME REVERSE option will re-arrange events 1- 73 7 12 1 ON B 3 50 10 2- 1 8 24 1 ON C 4 50 94 values in a track or sequence to multiples of some number. This is usually the right diamond selects the highest value, and the middle diamond selects existing tracks are erased by this Option. Events in the sequence copied ~~~~~~~~~ dialog box will ask you to specify a number from 1 - 99. Enter 99 if you want the sequence to repeat immediately. When a sequence is started from a that control sequence. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ good take, you will be ready to record another track in the same way. the Atari keyboard. version of the program, we have substituted the following keys for keys on Atari ST Amiga ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~ message "Backup accomplished" will appear on the message line, or an error The manual and automatic backups are stored by the program in sequences Y Thc LOAD and SAVE options are described in detail in Chapter 10. used to move the edit cursor within the box; experiment with these keys a Mute tracks 1, 5, and 8, and copy the other tracks into sequence 8. Now that we've created the parts to our song we can go to Song mode and and the Song mode edit screen will appear. Songs are created by typing in 3- 1 9 96 DE MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR 1- 25 2 24 1 ON B 3 50 10 1- 49 4 12 1 ON G 3 50 10 paste buffer to move and copy part or all of a sequence or track to another sequence or track. The same paste buffer is used for Open and Track modes, so you can use this to move information between the two modes. Any time you CUT or COPY, the previous contents or the paste buffer are discarded. track 2, and both tracks would loop at the end of track 1. This process ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ punch buttons. The Track mode play/record screen will appear whenever Track mode is entered from one of the other two modes, and when the program is first booted. The play/record steps (making notes more staccato). The program will assign the largest or smallest allowable value to a pitch, velocity or duration if you attempt to transpose out of range. It is possible to transpose pitch, velocity and duration to values that are not useful for your instrument and patch. symbol in the last select box and enter A in response to the prompt. Place edit window will appear for the moment, just confirm that INSERT is You can append another song to the current song or delete an unwanted song These options allow you to move data back and forth between the 48 track duplicates this function. When this track option is active, selecting a track will set the start point for the punch: the track will also be muted again when the end punch point is reached. A double right mouse click will transfer you directly to the Track or Open limitatations when the KCS is running the only desk accessory you may use Aftertouch Open mode play screen by pressing the appropriate key. If you decide that you want to keep both your edited material and the backup, copy the edited sequence or track to a new location and retrieve the original data by clicking on GET BACKUP or UNDO. play screen. If the program seems to have a problem distinguishing single Open Mode Editing Tutorial increases or decreases the entry by ten units, while > and < change the provides introductions to the program's representations of various types of musical events, and to creating and editing control sequences. The "raw If you have a multi-timbral synthesizer system, set it up with a buzzy clav voice on channel 1, a bass on channel 2, and some type of reed or fluid lead synth sound on channel 3. If your synth isn't multi-timbral, set its MIDI receive mode to Omni On/Poly. If you have a drum machine, set it to sync properly now. synchronize to MIDI clock, disable the reception of MIDI channel messages, overrides the originally programed repeat value for the sequeocc. If the value under DUR is 99, the sequence will repeat until stopped by the user or by an XX or XL evnt. A W in the DUR column repeesens a WAIT flag. This causes the control sequence to wait until the scquence started by the sequence start event has finished before any new evens can begin. In the next example the program will start sequence A and play it four times. No message when doing this with a long song. Chapter 6 Track mode can be used in many different ways in composition. An entire piece can be recorded in Track mode, using tracks that run the whole length of the piece, or completed tracks can be moved to Open mode and linked with screen looks like this: selecting a new track or sequence, changing modes, setting the sequencer's operating parameters, and exiting the program. The message line is used to display messages about certain editing options, and to ask for more information about other options. The select boxes are used to select a different sequence or track. Paste ~~~~~ pedal data it contained. The CC events represent data from these and other continuous controllers. The value under NOTE is the MIDI controller number for that event (1 for mod wheel, 4 for foot pedal), and that under VEL is the value of that controller. Scroll through the sequence, and note two facts: first, that continuous controllers use up much more memory than edit the ON events. song. This as done using primary sequence start events in a separate Open mode sequence known as a control sequence. Primary sequence start events are represented in the event list by the number or letter of the sequence, When a range is selected, the first and last event numbers of that range If you are planning extensive changes to a sequence or track, you may wish are played together. will be diplayed on the message line. Now boot the program as described at the end of Chapter 1, and you will see that contain AC or DC events with a TM event. Otherwise, you will need to version 1.6 of the KCS. The Multi Program Environment (MPE) allows you to ~~~~~~ When this switch is on, any events recorded will be rounded to the nearest ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ tracks. Activity on any track is also shown in the track status area by a editing channels independently and for splitting up sequences recorded functions in the program are not available on both computers. In the Amiga multiples of six clock steps. This is because MIDI song pointer messages (which are used in conjunction with tempo settings and a SMPTE or external devices) are quantized in units of six MIDI clocks. Sequence Control Events ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ There are eight types of sequence control events that can control the playing of other sequences. These are PRIMARY events (which start primary be the new value for a control paramater. The range is 0 - 127, but only certain values may be valid for a particular instrument and type of CC part of a sequence in which the mod wheel was moved slowly seven steps after a note was played. These sequences can be chained or otherwise combined into longer pieces in Song mode or by using control sequences in Open mode. from, another sequencer. Each track will be named with the channel of the ~~~~~~~~~~ AT events have values From 0 - 127 in the NOTE feld, 1 and do not use the messages such as program dumps, but works well for shorter messages. NOTE: sequence start events in Open mode. MSR-ST: The measure and step at which the event occurs. For example, 2-13 means the thirteenth step of measure two. This is computed by the program and cannot be changed. MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ As with the XX and XL events, multiple sequences may be specified in MS and ~~~~~~~~~~~~ strip are duplicated by the M, <, COMMA, L, PERIOD, >' and / keys. The CLR value by one unit. The functions of each of the icons in the arithmetic keys respectively, Pressing one of these keys will move the cue point back by the appropriate amount and start the sequencer at that point, though the The KCS contains two reserved sequences, sequence Y and sequence Z. one measure; pressing the INSERT key changes this to eight measures and pressing it again will change it back to one measure. Care should be exercised when using CU events. If the time specified has automatically stop one or more sequences, even in the middle of playing. To stop a single sequence with an XX event, enter MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR Now, using the method described in the last paragraph copy the following track combinations into sequences 3 to 8: . contents are determined by the program, and a set of icons for scrolling ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ This window allows you to specify a sequence number, name, and comments for the sequence. (For the moment, ignore the INCLUDE MUTED TRACKS button.) H Half note 48 72 32 E Eighth note 12 18 8 T 32nd note 3 5 2 The Track mode edit screen is very similar to the Open mode edit screen, but only tracks can be edited in Track mode, not sequences. On the right option, in the lower right corner, and the Open mode edit screen will corner of the screen. Record a few bars of keyboard noodling then press the FlO key. The sequencer will continue to record to the end of the measure, and then loop back to the beginning of track 1. The material that allow continuous overdub recording. * - Single byte event feature which erases all DE events from a sequence or track, except for the appear. The screen is divided into three sections: the track status area, the the edited version. program acts as a 48 track tape recorder with many special functions that programs. For most synthesizers, you should make sure the instrument is mouse on that point. When you're done entering data press RETURN to enter box has the same effct as pressing RETURN. In most cases, the RETURN and ENTER keys perform the same function in the philosophy in designing this program has been to give the musician a wide The sequence number defaults to the lowest empty sequence (in this case, Clicking on INSERT or pressing the INSERT key will open up a blank line, as In the Amiga version of the KCS, the Amiga's multi-taskung features provide a thru connection from the ST's MIDI in. Normally, this would not the computer to wait a specified number of steps before looping or going on one, or UNDO after any mistakes. Click the m*ouse on a new line to cancel INSERT. Return to the Open mode play screen by double clicing the right mouse button, and press 1 on the typewriter keyboard. The sequence starts okay, but loses sync at the start of the first repetition; something is obviously the MSR-ST field. The sequence ends on measure 1, step 85, which makes it other event in the sequence will be played until sequence A completes its wait again. recorded with the cue loop active, the program adds time to the beginning spec and short these two pins to pins 4 and 5, which carry MIDI data. When affecting the numbering of subsequent events, by typing DE over the event also listded in the TRACK MODE COMMAND REFERENCE LISTS at the end of this manual. If you have more than one synth, you will need to connect any additional When connecting your system, there are two common conditions to watch out for that can cause major headaches. The first is a MIDI loop, caused by tape recording and doesn't affect the timing of the sequence, while DELETE Cut Defaults and Shortcuts for Event Editing this point will swap the sequence with a backup copy that was automatically section. Click the mouse a second time to restore the punch points. If punch points have already been set for a track, then selecting that though the list. Here is a description of each of the fields: 1- 37 4 12 AC 13 patch 1 on Yamaha instruments, preset 1 on a CZ-10l, and patch 11 on Korg already passed when the event occurs, the program will think it is late, The last one, two, four, or i@ght measures played can be replayed by make another track longer than track 1 will not be heard when all tracks to make a copy of your original using one of the copy commands described XX under TYPE, and the desired sequence, left justified under NOTE as want to connect your recording synth or master keyboard's MIDI out to the computer keyboard by the cursor control keys, with the CURSOR UP and CURSOR sequence 2), and the comments field will show a list of the unmuted tracks. Mute tracks 1, 2, 4, and 6, and copy the other tracks into sequence 3. Mute tracks 1, 4, and 6, and copy the other tracks into sequence 4, Mute tracks 4 and 6, and copy the other tracks into sequence 5. step count for mouse button. Holding the SHIFT key when doing this will place the last event played about 2/3 of the way down the edit list, which is handy when you need to locate a specific event by ear. Now the sequences to be edited must be loaded in from the disk. Place your program disk in the disk drive, and click on the LOAD/SAVE option on the selected in the upper left corner, and enter 12 for FIRST EVENT TIME. This HOME key will clear a data field, which is not always the same as entering zero. The cursor control keys can also be used to move from one data field The exit buttons for the edit windows are the white text at the bottom of runctions. The status area shows the status and name of each of the first regarding the status of various hidden controls, and other information. Set Options ~~~~~~~~~~~ different parts of the program. It brings up an edit window that is TRACK Mode, OPEN Mode, and SONG Mode playing polyphonic parts on a synth in mono mode, or for adding space to an ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Selecting VELOCITY SCALE will create a "velocity fade-in" or "velocity fade-out", depending on the values you gve it. The values next to this button represent the beginning and ending velocities; leaving the second screen. The white box shows the valid area for cursor placement, and the Delete and Erase MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ST Events US events usng a * in the NOTE column. PT and VT Events specified sequences. The sequence number, or an asterisk and an optionl the bottom scroll diamond. The screen should now look like this: 1- 61 5 12 1 ON F 3 50 10 sequencer is running by clicking on the RECORD button or pressing F2, and channel number, are entered in the NOTE column, and the transposition auto-correction. After auto-correction all times in the selected range will be a whole number multiple of the step count. stdandard 24 steps/beat: position of the edit cursor. After entering the values and clicking on OK, Now click on the EXIT button at the bottom of the screen. The sequencer will stop, and the Track mode edit screen will appear. This screen is used The LOAD/SAVE dialog box will now appear on the screen. The .ALL button 1- 10 5 1 1 CC 1 8 1- 10 6 0 1 CC 1 10 Selecting a track while this option is active erases the punched section of right half of the screen. A dialog box will appear, and will ask you for perform!. Confirm that the sequence type selected is .ALL and that the A: drive is selected if you're using an Atari. If not, change these only the other data types. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Numeric ) Shift-Numeric - (1000 only) Numeric * Numeric . (1000 only) SET SWITCH is used to set up a "switch" which will alternately mute and See the section on TIMING RESOLUTION, in Chapter 13, for more information on the real time clock. of the name if the first event is not a note. If you click on NAME, the edit cursor will move to the top of the screen where the name is displayed. LEFT line, can also be accessed by clicking on NAME. Typing more than CC events can be recorded in real time, or entered one at a time from the from the edit control changes from, a continuous controller (mod wheel, KCS can be installed on a hard disk, but the oriUnal program disk must be inserted in drive A: on the ST, or any floppy drive on the Amiga, as a Editing or Entering a Single Event variety of methods for creating and manipulating music while imposing a user to develop a unique method of creating music without regard to our own STOP, PAUSE, and PLAY CNTRLRS and AFTOUCH you will need to copy the files DEFAULT.ENV and DEFAULT.VRY to the hard AC and DC Events The next example shows how an RA event is used to change the structure of a musical note icon, which changes color as notes occur on that track. The ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ all instruments begin program numbering with 0. See the synthesizer's Pitch, Velocity, and Duration and songs can be selected with the select boxes in the lower right corner. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Fortunately for us at Dr. T's, the Atari ST and the Amiga are similar Sequence Y is used from, the edit screen by the BACKUP function. The the edit wAndow. The RETURN key duplicates OK, and the UNDO key duplicates the CANCEL button. unmute two selected tracks. Selecting a track after this option is chosen will change that track's status to SWITCH; selecting a second track will experience, with Open mode control sequences. We do some or our pieces predictable. Usually, the TYP field defaults to the value in the previous ERASE preserves the length of the sequence or track . by adding the time values of the events that are erased to the time or the first event after as the channel number and event type of the first event in each track and sequence. The map and text area may be listed to a printer by pressing P Print Editing Single Segments ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ You can specify program and/or volume changes for any or all of the 16 MIDI channels to be sent before a segment is started. Move the edit cursor to the line containing the segment that you want to insert changes for, and load up to four additional Dr. T programs into the computer at once, by The PITCH, VELOCITY, and DURATION and Duration transpose options allow you EVNT: The number of the event. EVNT is used to specify a range of events in the sequence or track when you are using the various edit options. This previous event. Time is measured in steps of the internal or MIDI clock. This option, which only appears in Open mode, sets the number of times a merge is used to mix data from the computer's MIDI in with data from the ~~~~~~~~~ ST events are another form of sequence start event. Secondary sequences can only be started using ST events, or from the numeric keypad. To type The song name is 60 characters long, and stretches across the top of the screen. Clicking on NAME, or anywhere on the line, will move the cursor to is one beat long, and then treat the measure/step display as a beat shown below. data that it contains. MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR 1- 73 6 12 1 ON E 3 50 10 1- 85 7 12 1 ON D 3 50 10 RETURN (not ENTER). When RETURN is pressed all the entries in the MSR-ST field will change. This field marks the location of each event in measures and clock steps. that the first note now occurs on the first step of measure one. mouse pointer all the way down to the area between the end of the event sequence will now continue playing. effect for a part that was recorded on a single MIDI channel. It is also sequence from any control changes, pitch bends or non-MIDI events by between 1 and 3000 under NOTE will cause the tempo to change by that number ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Recording starts when a note is played on the controller connected to the already been recorded. (The time at which recording stops is also affected that track and optionally merges the most recently recorded track with the original. When a track is selected, a prompt asking for one of three keys CPY PUN or the F7 key will select the copy punch track option. Selecting a program will not let you create or edit sequence Y, but you may play or DE events may also be used to erase or silence a wrong note without type of the undesired note. Clicking anywhere on the event line and pressing the DELETE key followed by RETURN will have the same effect. SM events are used to change the sequencer's steps/measure setting during playback. This will have no effect at all on the music being played but it will change the operation of the Use SM events anywhere that the music changes time signatures, and the new time signature will be used by the list and the message line. The list will scroll down when the pointer moves below the event list; when the highlight reaches the last event (event 43) in the sequence, release the mouse button. The highlighted 84 steps long; but a full measure of 4/4 time at 24 steps per quarter note is 94 steps. The sequence must be extended by 12 steps if it[ is to synchronize properly with the drum machine. field immediately below the last event in the list, and enter 12. Move looping), MS events (which mute a sequence), US events (which unmute a by the ALIGN option, described later.) At this point, recording will start STEP TIME TRACK allows you to create a new track in step tine. A dialog The CUT command will delete or erase the events in a desired range and TEMPO: The tempo at which the segment is to be played. If this is 2; after which sequences 1, 2 and 3 will start together. the -20 in the If the start point for the cue loop has been changed since the last time ideas of what form the music should or should not take. We will create the control sequence in sequence A, which doesn't exist yet, under HIDDEN CONTROLS, below. Holding the mouse button down while the control panet, and the message line. The track status apea, in the upper ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ VEL or DUR fields. Since AT events use up lots of memory when recorded in Click the mouse on the PLAY button to start the sequencer. Six of the In addition to this chapter, the manual contains two short tutorial several chapters of application notes and general information. We reset the tempo each time you play the piece. 3 for 32nd notes 4 for l6th note triplets less than the nearest multiple of the duration auto-correct value. For duration values of 5, 11, 17, etc. instead of 6, l2 and 18. This allows To change a value in the event list, move the edit cursor to the location set a range by event or by measure. Cutting all the events in a sequence selections by clicking on the appropriate box. Click on LOAD, and a file amount from -64 to + 63, is entered under VEL. If the DUR column is blank, eight characters in the name, or using the cursor control keys after Clicking on NAME, will move the edit cursor to the comment field. EXIT and Help ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ PUNCH box will ask the measure at which you wish to start recording and the Pressing F1 or left clicking on EXIT when in step time record will return mouse). Click on COPY and an edit window will appear on the screen. The default parameters will work for this operation, so click on OK. These events are now stored in the paste buffer. If your sequence doesn't end with a DE event on MSR-ST 3-1, retrieve your and start sequence 1. While the sequence is running press the DELETE key operation: Track mode, Open mode, and Song mode. In Track mode, the "key disk" when the program boots. In addition to the KCS program file, Pitch Bend This sequence can be played from the Open mode play screen just like the omitted, the segment will play at the previously established tempo. Tempo points for the cut. you to the edit screen. sequencer. Notes played on the keyboard will not be recorded when paused tempo will double, or if the number under NOTE were 512, the tempo would increase by 50%. AC events cause an increase in tempo, while DC events is specifically required. MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 3- 1 1 192 XX 23 A dotted note of any of the types listed can be entered by pressing CONTROL and the letter at the same time. A triplet is entered by forward or backward in time (with the exception of entries followed by the ENTER key as described later in this chapter). The range of NOTE: The note value and octave, where the lowest note on a five octave keyboard is C2. Since computer keyboards don't contain flat symbols, flats Running the ST KCS on the next available track, and continue until the end of track 1 is ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ date in ecah field is exastly as described in the explanation of the ALL TRACKS TO SEQ will merge the data from all active tracks (tracks that are not muted) into a single Open mode sequence. The length of the merged of the value, and type in the new value. When you start to type, a white 3- 1 9 96 DE Now the C4 with the duration of 94 sustains while the other notes are playing. In a case such as this you might want to swap the durations of field empty will set all velocities to the first value. 100 linked segments. For each segment you can specify the sequence to be in from the computer keyboard, or can be entered in step time using a MIDI disk. machine. followed by Chapter 4 (OPEN AND TRACK MODE EDITING) for more information on Append and Delete Song 7- 1 2 384 XX A the previous line; the same holds for octave values entered without notes. 3- 1 7 96 ST A 0 4W memory for work space, it is possible that you may get an "out of memory" cause a decrease in tempo. AC and DC events can only be entered from the will return the track or sequence to its previous state. ~~~~ eight tracks in use will start to play. The RECORD button is still of important playback and record options can be saved in an "environment" that point in the song. TRN specifies a pitch transposition for the over to the TYP field and type DE. The screen should now look like this: and, while the measure is an even number, press 2 on the typewriter keyboard. This will start sequence 2 at the start of the next measure. This simple three note bass line fits with sequence 1, but the timing is a bit rough. Find and Calc For Atari ST owners who would like to have more than one program, available programs. Note that the KCS is NOT compatible wdth other programs which notes on that channel will not be transposed. The track options allow you to determine what will happen to a track when it is selected, either with the mouse or by pressing a track key. Only one for sequence 2. This can be fixed with the AUTO-CORRECT option. Click on TRANSPOSE/AUTO in the edit options area and an edit window will the right side of the screen can be selected by clicking on that option, described in Chapter 4. As in the other modes, any of the edit options on sequence will be determined by the length of Track 1. For some applications you may want to create different sequences using this option with different combinations of muted and unmuted tracks. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Clicking on RE-RECORD or pressing UNDO will erase the current track. press UNDO to cancel any changes. If you want to remove a tempo, repeat or entire segment by pressing the DELETE key while the cursor is on the line editing and Chapter 11 (SET OPTIONS) for information on the sequencer's operating parameters. Refer to the other chapters as the need arises. Once you become familiar with all the features of the Keyboard Controlled Sequencer, you will develop your owm method of using it, depending on the equipment you are using and your own personal approach to music. looping of up to 128 separate sequences. Song mode is used to chain sequences created Track and Open modes into complete songs much like a drum exclusively in Track mode, other pieces in Track and Song modes, and other pieces using the generalized control structure of Open mode. The non-MIDI events are: appear. This is where most of the data maniplation operations are done. Click on AUTO-CORRECT and confirm that 6 is entered in the space next to AUTO-CORRECT. When this is done, click on OK at the bottom of the edit wndow. The sequence is now auto-corrected; the four values under TIME should be 0, 192, 6, and 186. are spectGed as the coresponding sharps (B flat 3 becomes A#3, for instance.) The range of valid MIDI notes in the KCS is C-1 to G9, though some other companies, most notably Yamaha, number MIDI notes from C-2 to These options, only two of which are available from any screen, are used to move between the program's three operating modes. When you enter Open or Song modes, the program, will place you on the edit screen; when you enter Track mode, the program will place you on the play/record screen. You can with the KCS is CONTROL.ACC, which was suppUed with your Atari. The Song mode edit screen allows you to create songs that consist of up to played, a tempo change, a delay, a pitch transposition, and the number of options area. To get to a sequence that isn't shown here, click on the ** the cursor on the single DE event, and press the INSERT key. When the white box appears, type in the following data, pressing RETURN after each effect. owner's manual, for specifics on your instruments. sequence selection dialog box in which you can enter a name and comments the unmuted tracks or the list can be cleared by clicking on the field and pressing CLR HOME. The edit window also has a button labeled INCLUDE MUTED TRACKS. If INCLUDE MUTED TRACKS is turned on, all tracks will be copied to the new sequence, regardless of their status. ALL TRACKS TO SEQ can also defaults to the current track or sequence. Sequences Y and Z and track 1, CLEAR erases all tracks in memory. It does not erase anything from Open or Song modes. An edit window will allow you to set the length of all tracks, control panel, in the lower part of the screen, contains a number of Different instrumens also use different patch numbering systems. MIDI same velocity. 1- 7 2 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 19 4 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 25 5 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 31 6 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 37 7 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 43 8 6 1 ON C 3 50 10 1- 55 9 12 1 ON C 3 50 10 Entering a number after clicking on FIND will place the edit cursor on the buttons and indicators which mimic the operation of a trap recorder, the message line, at the very bottom of the screen, displays messages relating keyboard. Tracks are selected either by pressing the appropriate track key, times the segment is to repeat. You can also specify program and/or volume line and moving the edit cursor up or down with the cursor control keys Program Change event nearest to the start of that measure. ~~~ place the events into the paste buffer. The CUT edit window allows you to 1 and 3 of a MIDI connector to be left open, the ST uses these pins to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ these pins together at their MIDI inputs, so that even simple 5 conductor after the last line. Clicking on UNDO or pressing the UNDO key after a TRANSPOSE/AUTO operation duration of all ON and OFF events in the range processed. Pitch playing the segment. Most of the time, you will probably not need to enter a DELAY. in measures. If you do so, the program will create track 1 with a single append an existing sequence Y. Sequence Z is used as an automatic backup for certain editing functions, and is not accessible to the user. DE Events ~~~~~~~~~ DE events are most often used at the end of a sequence to instruct 1- 1 2 0 1 0 0 4 the difference between those two points, in steps, will be shown on the the value under VEL is added to the current transposition value for that DE event whose TIME is the desired length. This will determine the Now let's return to the play screen and cue sequences 1 and 2 to start together. First press the DELETE key to align the sequences, and then ESC to pause the sequencer. The word PAUSE will appear above ALIGN; press 1 PAUSE and start the sequencer. After listening to this for a bit, wait for Mute track 6 only and copy the other tracks into sequence 6. entries in the event list, the large empty area on the left side of the screen, The small square in the upper left corner of the event list is Equipment Hookup selection box will appear. Click on teh name of the file to be loaded (EDITTUTR.ALL) and click OK. DUR: The duration of the note, or how long the key was actually held down. The range for duration is 1 is 999. A duration of 0 produces a note on Scrolling through the event list is done by clicking the mouse pointer on MSR ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR The Atari ST and Amiga keyboards consist of a basic typewriter layout with ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ current time. This allows you to enter a new event location in terms of ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ there are slight differences in some cases, and some options appear only in ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ it's measure and step directly in the CALC window without dealing with the ~~~~~ middle C (C4) from the current sequence or track and place them on a new than the others.) or track is not allowed. Click on EVENT RANGE or MEASURE RANGE to set the SPLIT followed by CHANNEL ASSIGN allows you to create a split keyboard Colors (Amiga Only) Entering Segments an even numbered measure and press 3 on the typewriter keyboard to start sequence 3. This lead line was recorded using quite a bit of mod wheel and foot pedal motion, perhaps too much: but the notes themselves are okay. The best thing to do is probably to strip the controller data from the note the control sequence to wait until the sequence in that line is done finishes its two repetations. After waiting for the TIME value of zero steps, sequences 1 and 2 will start and run for 2 repetitions of sequence called the edit cursor, and determines where data entry and editing occurs. transposition has many obvious uses and is found in all serious sequencer extensions of this concept. You will probably transpose pitch much more setting the split point to 0; in this case, all note data will be sent to ~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The exact set up for recording tracks will vary depending on the tutorial, we will assume that your recording keyboard is a single channel previously muted sequence), PT events (pitch transposition) and VT (velosity transposition). These event types can be created only from the edit screen and are ignored if the program is in Track mode or Song mode. up to four other Dr. T programs into memory at once, thanks to our mulli window to appear, where you must select a .INF file for the program to be ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ box called the edit box will outline the fields you may edit. You can use in an ST event put the desired event time under the TIME column, put ST under TYPE and put the desired sequence (primary or secondary) under NOTE. More than one sequence may be stopped with a single XX event by placing an asterisk (*) under NOTE. An asterisk by itself will stop all sequences that are currently playing (active), or an asterisk followed by a channel number will stop all active sequences that start with an event on that channel. The following example would immediately stop all sequences on units lower than normal. others were, but there is another method for playing sequences that is more convenient when editing. Place the edit cursor on the first event, and click the right mouse button; the sequenoc will play from the first event. clicking which makes it easier to listen to just part of the sequenoe. ~~~~~~~~~ to play the next sequence. In the following example sequence A starts (and When the COLORS option is selected, a small requestor box will appear, to confirm this selection before erasing these tracks! available on the KCS, but you should now be familiar enough with the time interval represented by the musical icon below the QUANT switch. This is similar to the AUTO-CORRECT edit option, but also effects controller and changes on any or all of the 16 MIDI channels for each segment. Tempo, Open and Track Mode Editing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ keyboard in conjunction with the computer's keyboard. In many ways, the KCS;s edit screens act as a word processor designed for music. In The edit screens for Open and Track modes are quite similar, though each If a field is left empty when entering a note or other event, then the value in that field will default to some value which depends on the event type and other factors. If all fields are left blank and the previous line in the event list is an ON event, then each field will default to the value The VARY option is used to generate a variation on the current sequence or sequence, or if an S is placed in the DUR column, the program will set the transposition to that value. Notes played on the drum channel are not affected by PT events. The pitch and velocity transpositions for each ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 AC 13 IT IS THE USER'S RESPONSIBILlTY TO UNDERSTAND HOW A PARTICULAR INSTRUMENT WILL RESPOND. PLEASE DO NOT CALL DR.T'S MUSIC SOFTWARE WITH QUESTIONS messages as single byte events. See the SET OPTIONS and TIPS AND TROUBLE 1- 1 2 0 ST 01 0 1 will play. Type 2 on the computer keyboard, and note the changes on the the cursor to the right end of the box, and type 2 under REP, followed by DOWN keys controlling the start point, and the CURSOR LEFT and CURSOR RIGHT and will spew out notes and MIDI clocks at maximum speed, in an attempt to catch up with itself. This can happen if a sequence containing a CU event is looped, or if tracks containing CU events are appended or doubled. often than any of the others, but they are there any time you have use for After selecting PITCH, VELOCITY, or DURATION, click on TRANSPOSE or INVERT. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Song segments are entered into an event list that is similar to the one used in Track and Open modes. Although the headings are different, the track by randomly changing the pitches, velocities, and/or location of the variation is selected for editing. In Track mode, the original track is also muted. variation more than once. The presets consist of different algorithms for altering the sequence or track. HALFSTEP changes the pitch of a randomly selected note by a semitone. This will add new notes to the sequence or 1- 13 2 12 AC 13 procedure for is entry and edit of individual segments is similar to that The fields used in the Song mode event list are: SEG: A number supplied by the program indicating the position of the Depending on the equipment you have, there can be several ways to connect or by clicking on that track in the status area. Selecting a track is not The number next to TRANSPOSE is the transposition amount (-63 to +63), and track and thereby change the tonality of the phrase. PITCHES randomly segment in the list. SEG is used to specify a range of segments in the SEQ: The number <1 - 9, A - X, or 00 - 92) of the sequence to be paayed for the segment. Frequently, this will be the only entry that you need to other non-note data types as well, and cannot be undone. Only quantize on the middle diamond causes continuous scrolling from the edit cursor's Select Boxes and Edit Options If we apply velocity scaling and enter a starting velocity of 100 and an transposes selected notes by larger amounts, but won't allow any new notes mode has a few commands not shared by the other mode. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ to be created. (For instance, if the original sequence consisted or ending velocity of 1, the sequence will now look like this: nothing but C4s and C5s, the variation might contain C4, C3, C5, etc., but make for a segment. program, and cannot be changed in Song mode. changes will have no effect unless you are using the internl clock, though TRN: The number of half steps that you wish the segment to be transposed in pitch. If a drum channel has been defined on the SET OPTIONS screen, Here is a shot of the Song mode edit screen, with a representative song routing the computer's MIDI out back to its input, either through a MIDI 1- 19 4 6 1 ON C 3 66 10 The KCS supports a number of load and save operations, for maximum track with active punch points will copy the punched data to the next empty also be muted. tracks are represented by an empty box. Clicking on a box will select that Erase Controllers and Clear Deletes ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ These seven segments illustrate all of the options available on the left side of the screen. The first segment entered was sequence 1, at a tempo final "trailing DE, if any. This option affects the entire sequence or Sequences 3 and 4 are each played once at the same tempo. Sequence 5 is a row of ten function keys above, a group of cursor control and editing keys to the right, and further right, a numeric keypad. Dr. T's Keyboard Controlled Sequencer uses the mouse to move the edit cursor, to access the various options on all three edit screens, to oontrol playback from the flexibility in transferring music from one file to another. Indivdual block, or the entire contents of memory . may be saved. MIDI files are computer's MIDI in then connect the computers MIDI out to the master synth's MIDI in. If you're using an Atari ST, you can connet your MIDI before turning your system on. be a problem, but some manufacturers of MIDI cables also violate the MIDI RETURN. half steps (an octave). Finally, sequence 6 plays at a tempo of 120. This along with the current record track. This function is duplicated by the ? setting) after the previous segment ends. Segments are edited using the same procedure used in the Track and Open mode edit screens. Move the edit cursor to the line that you wish to edit, and click the mouse. Type in any desired changes, and press RETURN, or you wish to delete. ways. With the mouse, clicking on the > > and << symbols will move either cue point forward or backward. These controls are duplicated on the keys affecting the end point. The amount the cue points move each time one of these buttons is pressed The Song mode edit options, on the right side of the screen, are selected by clicking the mouse as in the other modes. Most of the options are track for editing or clicking on ** will allow you to type the track line, and all other empty fields default to zero. If the octave number in There is also a group of single letter abbreviations for commonly used TIME Key Value Steps Dotted Triplet 1- 25 3 12 AC 13 Name this line. Type in the desired name and press RETURN. affects all MIDI data except note data and aftertouch, and can also be MIDI or DIN cables can cause the problem! If seeminly correct MIDI in no data transmissi@on. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ then click the mouse on PROG/VOL CHANGES on the right side of the screen. An edit window with data fields for MIDI program and volume change commands To run the Keyboard Controlled Sequencer on the Atari ST, insert the number. program disk in the disk drive and turn the computer on, or press the ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ The KCS program disk is a bootable WorkBench disk. After the WorkBench icon, or by typing KCS when in CLI. MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 1 PG 0 the top of the window. Data is entered in the usual manner for edit windows. MIDI program and volume numbers range from 0 - 127, though not all instruments respond to MIDI volume changes and most instruments do not use all 128 patch numbers. patch number 0 will for example, call up patch off on an Oberheim Matrix 6, executed, the sequence or track will continue from the next event after the end of the list. instruments. In general when you have difficulties interfacing MIDI devices, the Doctor's precription is REXMAN (Relax, EXperiment, and read your owner's MANuals). the cursor control and BACKSPACE keys to move over characters in the field Event Types played. No program or volume information will be sent for channels for values represented by the available note icons may be selected from the OPTIONS window. Two sequences or tracks can also be swapped using the select boxes. Holding the left or right SHIFT key down when clicking on a select box will which no data was entered. Pressing the DELETE key will delete the segment under the cursor. mode's SONG TO ALL TRACKS option, which will erase all tracks and create a The control panel contains other buttons which correspond to controls on a tape deck. The PLAY, STOP, and PAUSE buttons perform the obvious functaons, and the << and > > icons next to the CLOCK display are used to change the sequencer's tempo, or speed. All of these controls are activated by left clicking on them, just as if they were actual physical the track again, or pressing the 1 key on the computer's typewiter 1- 49 5 12 AC 13 SHOOTING chapters for details. Note that the MUTE button is highlighted. If MUTE is on, then selecting which correspond to one of the 48 tracks, and are listed in the right hand MS - Mute sequence Copy Song to Song and Copy Song to Sequence 1- 73 7 12 AC 13 can bm changed with the INSERT key. Normally, the cue point move amount is control sequence to a song. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ exchange that track or sequence with the currently selected track or 1- 1 2 0 16 PG 5 column under TRACK in the status area. Experiment with the MUTE function on the other tracks, using the mouse and the track keys. (You might want to avoid unmuting track 6 at this point, as his track is in a different key are the length of the entire song. COPY SONG TO SEQ lets you copy the segment list to an Open mode control sequence. Open mode control sequences, described in Chapter 4, provide a more general way to arrange your sequences into songs. If you decide that your song needs some more parts, you may want to use Copy Song to Seq to get the song into Open mode, and then add more parts using overdub or record with cue. Copying a song to a sequence is also a good starting point for understanding the structure of control sequences. you should remember that you cannot go the other way; there is no way to copy a Song to All Tracks sequence. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Clicking on this option will delete all tracks currently in Track mode memory and place the current song in all tracks by copying each sequence used in the song to all tracks. This is useful for overdubbing solo parts or controllers over an entire song: but makes editing the song more difficult. used to determine which track to record on, since recording is always done on the lowest numbered free track, but to apply the currently selected reached again. This process repeats until all 48 tracks are full, or until the sequencer is stopped. Recording can be turned on and off while the all of the other controls can be changed during recoed or playback as well. track option can be active at a time. Some of the track options can be selected from the control panel or the keyboard, while others which are used less frequently can only be selected from the keyboard. Before coping the song to all tracks, there is one minor adustment to the choice. After clicking on OK, the program will take a few seconds to create the new tracks. When the working message disappears from the message line, click on TRACK MODE. When the Track mode play/record screen appears note that the eight original will "silence" that track; the track can be unmuted by selecting it a Each track option is described in detail later in this chapter. Clicking on STOP will stop playback of all tracks, complete the current recording (if record is on), and reset the sequencer to the beginning of all tracks, or to the current cue point, if one is selected. The ENTER key duplicates this function. will start from that point. Playback can also be started with the FlO key, the SPACE bar, or the right mouse button. tracks have been compressed into four tracks - one for each channel used, and a "conductor" track (track 1) which sets the length of all tracks. 1- 85 8 12 AC 13 repeats four times), and four measures later (384 clock counts) the sequence shown ends. If another control sequence is waiting for this one, that The MEASURE display shows the current location of the sequencer during record and playback, in measures and steps. track will change either the start or end point of the punch. Selecting a In Open mode, only the first 33 primary sequences (A - X) and the first 26 of the secondary sequences (00 - 25) can be acccssed with the select boxes. Sequences Y and X are represented for use by the program and can't be dirctly edited. Seconddary sequences above 25 must be selected by clicking one mode or the other. If this is the case, it will be noted in the section on that option. Selecting a Range for Editing ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ RE-RECORD, RE-RECORD STOP and ERASE TRK PRIMARY sequence start (1 - 9, A - Z) Most of the edit options will work on a range of events, as well as a single event. The range can be entered in the dialog box or edit window for that option, or a range may be selected with the mouse. To select a the range, and while holding the left mouse button down, move the edit cursor to the other end of the range. (This is called "dragging" the edit MSR ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR Normally, this option will stop the sequencer and set the measure/step toggled with the COLON (:) key. The AFTOUCH function is duplicated with the QUOTE (') key. MERGE and ECHO The MERGE and ECHO buttons toggle the MIDI merge and echo features. MIDI cursor.) The selected range will be highlighted, as shown below. You can drag the cursor beyond the bottom, of the screen, and the event KCS, but there is one important difference between these two keys when when using the KCS in conjunction with a master keyboard to control a set change the first track's status to PLAY and the second track's to MUTE. The RETURN key can then be used to alternately switch between the two editing events. If the TIME value for an event has been changed and the If the previous event is not an ON event, the defaults are not always control events work. For more information on control sequence techniques see Chapter 13. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 A 0 0 4 tracks. After the second track is selected, the track option will automatically change to MUTE. The SET SWITCH option can only be selected out of which an event is drawn is a list of events immediately following C Last calculated with the F9 key, and not from the control panel. W Whole note 96 144 64 measure/step counter during playback. The number of steps/measure is entered under NOTE, and the remaining fields are unused. The "last calculated" value assooated with the abbreviation "C" refers to ~~~~~~~~~~ the value returned by the most recent use of the CALC edit option, described later in this chapter. table correspondingly. ~~~~~~~~~~~ The KCS recognizes 22 different types of events. Seven of these are MIDI events and the rest are non-MIDI. A sequence or track may contain different types of events. The seven MIDI events that the Keyboard Controlled ON - Note on ST - Secondary sequence start XX - Sequenct stop Note that muting a track which contains OFF events (which are only recorded could cause some notes to stick. Stopping the sequencer, or pressing the " (SHIFT-ACCENT) key, will clear any stuck notes. XL - Loop stop ~~~~~ The buttons under PUNCH are used to access the sequencer's punch in and out track while that track is punched OUT will change the end punch point, and Primary Events a PRIMARY event is encountered the sequence whose key is specified will be started automatically. The value under NOTE will be a pitch transposition MSR- ST EVNT TIME CH TYP NOTE VOL DUR US - Unmute sequence selecting the track while it is on will set a new start point. Each track The clear punch points track option is selected by clicking on CLR PTS, or temporarily remove the punch points in that track, and unmute the punched CUE VT - Transpose sequence velocity TM - Tempo value AC - Accelerando (increase tempo) SM - Steps/measure RA - Random event CU - Wait and see The CUE button is used to activate Track mode's cue loop. When CUE is on, If you use a lot of SM events in a portion of a piece to represent a varing the sequencer will repeatedly loop the material contained between the start pressing the LEFT BRACKET ([), RIGHT BRACKET (]), ACCENT('), and EQUAL (=) PRIMARY, ST, XX, XL, MS, US, PT, and VT events are ignored when the program is not in Open mode. ST events can also be used to start PRIMARY sequences detail below. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ mistake or other point of interest while listening to the tracks and want to hear it again. Cueing can be used for recording as well as playback. When a new track is of that track to align it to the other tracks. ON events are the most common events used in the KCS. The meaning of the fields. more than 999 clock steps, the DUR value for that ON event becomes 0, and the program records a separate The program maintains 64 duration counters, counter. See the SET OPTIONS chapter for more information on the The value entered under NOTE for PB events can be in the range of -8192 to 8191. The MIDI spec allows 14 bits for pitch bend, hence the huge numbers. Not all synths interpret these values similarly so experiment and check your manual. PB events do not use the VEL or DUR columns. steps/measure setting, as well as a table of common time signatures and Here are two examples that illustrate the use of the RA event. The first will play one of the five notes in the list, then continue from the G4. Note that since the D4 occurs twice in the list, it is twice as likely to ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ 1- 1 1 0 RA 5 77 5 1- 1 2 0 ON D 4 77 5 1- 1 3 0 ON A 4 77 5