DELUXE PAINT 3 PART 2...... CHAPTER 8: ANIMATION EFFECTS This chapter introduces several interesting animation effects and a host of animation tips. We strongly recommend that you work through this chapter and complete the Amazing Bouncing Ball section,which serves as a good test of your knowledge of DeluxePaint. EFFECTS In the following sections you'll create some interesting animation effects. Many of these effects are not obvious,so it is worth your time to follow closely and work along. As you begin each section that uses the Move requester,you should have the Move requester set to its default settings. Our instructions will tell you only which settings you need to change out of the defaults when you first open the requester. Figure 8.1 shows the Move requester in its default settings;use this as a guide if you need to check your own settings. MOVE X Y Z DIST: 0 0 0 BRUSH ANGLE: 0 0 0 CLEAR GO BACK EASE-OUT:0 DIRECTION: EASE-IN: 0 MOVE RECORD COUNT: 10 PREVIEW TRAILS FILL DRAW CANCEL EXIT FIGURE 8.1 Move Requester showing default settings BEFORE YOU BEGIN Make sure you are in Lo-Res mode with 32 colors. Set your number of frames to 40. Make sure you are using the Compressed memory model. 141 QUICK EFFECTS These two effects are good examples of how multiple features of DeluxePaint combine to make simple animation easy to create. RECEDING OR APPROACHING SHAPES This technique creates the effect of a shape moving off into the distance. Notice that this involves using a keyboard command while you paint with the mouse button down. Click the largest round brush with the right mouse button and stretch the brush to be about the size of a nickle. Select the Dotted Freehand tool. Position the brush near the upper left corner of the screen. Hold down the Left Amiga Key(Commodore key on Amiga 500s)and begin animpainting in a curve downward toward the lower right area of the screen. As you paint,press the -(minus)key repeatedly to shrink the brush as it moves. When you play back the animation,the gradual shrinking of the brush makes it look as though it is receding into the distance. Play the animation backwards, or create a new one using the +(plus)key,and the brush will appear to approach from the distance. This example used a built-in brush,but you can do the same thing with a custom brush. DISSOLVE The Trim command in the Brush menu makes it easy to have an object dissolve into nothing. You stamp the brush,trim some away,step to the next frame,and stamp again. The real trick is to use the keyboard to do all of your frame changes,trimming,and brush stamps. Select black as your background color and clear all of your frames. Load the DPaint Title brush from your Art disk and stamp it in the middle of frame 1. Display the Move requester. Click Clear to set all of the Distance and Angle edit fields to 0. Set the Count to 1. Make sure that all of the other options are set to their defaults. Click Draw. 142 Press Shift-O to trim the brush. Press Shift-M to display the Move requester and click Draw. Repeat this step until the brush has completely disappeared. (It will take about 9 frames.) Using the Move requester to stampe your brush saves you from having to carefully position the brush on each frame. You can also accomplish this by positioning the brush once and then using the keyboard equivalent(Left Alt-Right Amiga)to click the left mouse button.(We recommend the right Amiga key,because the left Amiga key turns on animpainting). Clear all frames of your animation and go to frame 1. Turn on the Grid with X and Y spacing of 8. Select the second-largest round built-in brush and paint a dot in the center of the screen. Choose the Unfilled Circle tool. Start from the dot in the center of the screen and drag out a circle that is just one grid point wider than the dot,but don't release the mouse button. Press the 2 key to move to the next frames. Now release the mouse button. At this point you have a dot on frame 1 and a small circle on frame 2. 143 Continue to follow the last step above to paint larger and larger circles on successive frames until your circle reaches the sides of the screen. When you play your animation,you'll see one circle expanding outward. If you're adventurous,try picking up your entire animation as an animbrush and animpainting it onto your existing animation by starting it on frame 5. This will give you an animation of two circles expanding outward. TRAILS This example demonstrates the use of Trails. You'll find this option in the Move requester makes it easy to create impressive title effects. Clear all frames. Load the brush DPaint Title from the Art disk. Choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu. Now go to the LAST frame by pressing Shift-2. You should be on frame 40. Stamp the brush at the bottom of the screen. Display the Move requester. Click Clear. Set the Z Distance to -1500. Select the Come To option for your Move Direction. The Come To option tells DeluxePaint that the position of the brush is where you want the animation to end--you want the animation to "come to" the brush position and frame. Now click Preview.(There is a slight delay,and then the preview plays,starting at the distant position[Z=1500]and come closer). Instead of clicking Draw,click Trails,and let it record. By clicking Trails,you tell DeluxePaint to carry the cumulative effect of each frame forward as it draws. The result is that the brush leaves a trail as it moves through three-dimensional space in your animation. Press 5 on the main keyboard for a single play of the animation. 144 THE SLINKY The Slinky is a modified version of the standard Trails title. You've probably seen this effect on many television sports shows. A special feature of this effect is that it uses the Stencil in combination with the Move requester. This combination can be very powerful when used properly. When a stencil is used with the Move requester,DeluxePaint remakes the stencil for each frame as it renders the move. Load the DPaint Title brush if you don't already have it. Clear all frames. Step to the middle frame of your total. For example,if you have 40 frames as we suggested,move to frame 20 by choosing Control>Go to from the Animate menu. Stamp the brush down near the bottom of the screen. Display the the Move requester. Click Clear. Make sure that both Brush buttons are unselected(not highlighted). Set the Z Distance to -1000. Set the Count to 20. Select the Come To option. Click Trails. As in the Trails effect above,DeluxePaint paints your title with the cumulative image carried forward to each successive frame. Step to frame 40. Now you need to create a stencil so you can "paint behind." Choose Stencil>Make from the Effect menu. In the Make stencil requester,click the background color(black),click Invert,and click Make to lock all colors but the background. Display the Move requester. Leave all of the other settings the same,but select the backwards Record Direction. Click Trails. Because you reversed the Record direction,DeluxePaint begins this move by painting on frame 40. It then steps one frame backwards and paints the cumulative effect of frame 40 and the new brush position on frame 39. This is where the Stencil comes into play. Because the colors in the title are stenciled,the second brush stamp appears to be painted "behind" the single image that was stamped on frame 40 though,in fact,it was painted over the single image. 145 The resulting animation should have your brush moving from the distance,leaving Trails,until it gets to the nearest position,at which point the Trails start erasing from the back forward. Before you move on to the next effect,choose Stencil>Free from the Effect menu. CURVING TITLES This example shows you how to create the effect of a title moving across the screen on a curved path using the curve tool instead of the Move requester. Clear all frames. Load the DPaint Title brush from your Art disk. Go to the last frame(frame 40)and stamp the brush near the botton of the screen. Click Undo. TIP Clicking Undo immediately after stamping the brush helps ensure that your results are what you expect. This is particularly important if you are using a Brush Mode in your move,because DeluxePaint paints on the screen you stamped on when it paints the move,and stamping twice on the same screen will give a different result from a single stamp. Display the Move requester. Click Clear in the requester. Set the Z distance to -1200. Select the Come To option. Click Draw. DeluxePaint paints the brush moving toward the screen from the distance. Pick up the animated title as an animbrush.(Be sure you are on frame 1 when you pick up the brush.)Press Alt-x to place the brush handle in the lower right corner of the brush so you will be able to click it off-screen. Clear all frames. Click the Curve tool with the right button to display the Spacing requester. Click the N Total button and set the total to 40. Click OK. 146 The Spacing requester lets you tell DeluxePaint exactly how many brush stamps you want to use to paint your curves,lines,and unfilled shapes. By setting the Spacing to N Total of 40,you'll get 40 stamps of the brush. Since you have 40 frames,when you use the brush to animpaint,you'll get one stamp of the brush on each frame. Click on N Total. Press Shift-7 to go to the first cel of the animbrush. Position the brush at the left side of the screen and midway between the top and bottom. Hold down the Left Amiga key(Commodore key on Amiga 500s)and the left mouse button and drag down to the lower right corner of the screen.(You'll see your title drawn along the path of your curve.)Release the mouse button and define the shape of the curve while still holding down the Left Amiga key. When the curve is a shape you like,click the mouse button to begin animpainting. When DeluxePaint is finished painting your curve,press the 5 key to play the animation once. You'll see the brush move into view and curve it's way down to the lower right corner of the screen. TUMBLING 3D OBJECTS Like the Curving Title effect above,this effect also uses the curve tool to move an animbrush along a curved path. However,in this effect,you use an object that looks three-dimensional,and you tumble it at the same time you move it toward the screen. Clear all frames. Load the brush named GradientCube from the Brush drawer on your Art disk. Go to the last animation frame(frame 40). Stamp the brush in the center of the screen. Click Undo. Display the Move requester. Set the Z Distance to -1200 and the Z Angle to 720. Select the Come To option. Click Draw. DeluxePaint paints your cube rotating 720 and moving toward you from the distance. Now you need to pick up this tumbling object as a brush. You must pick up the entire animated area,beginning at frame 1 where you see only a tiny object. Here's how: 147 Click the Brush Selector. Go to frame 40,where the object is largest. Hold down the Left Amiga key and enclose the object with your cross-hair,but don't release the mouse button.(You can release the Left Amiga key.)Press 2 to step forward to frame 1. Release the mouse button. Now you have your animbrush of the object tumbling and moving toward you. In the next step,you use the curve tool and Spacing to give it a trajectory across the screen. Clear all frames. Set the Spacing requester to N Total 40. Place the brush handle in the lower right corner of the brush so you will be able to click it off-screen. Press Shift-7 to go to the first cel of the animbrush. Position the brush at the left side of the screen and midway between the top and bottom. Hold down the Left Amiga key and the left mouse button and drag down to the lower right corner of the brush so you will be able to click it off-screen. Press Shift-7 to go to the first cel of the animbrush. Position the brush at the left side of the screen and midway between the top and bottom. Hold down the Left Amiga key and the left mouse button and drag down to the lower right corner of the screen. Release the mouse button and define the third point of the curve while still holding down the Left Amiga key. When the curve is a shape you like,click the mouse button to begin animpainting. Notice that even though the cube has only two true dimensions,the combination of the three-sided view and the tumble make it appear as though the brush is three-dimensional. PLANETARY ORBITS--BRUSH HANDLES This example shows you how to create an animation that simulates the orbit of a planet. This demonstrates the importance of brush handles--when you rotate a brush,the rotation always takes place around the brush handle. Paint a circle about the size of a quarter and filled with a gradient. Pick the circle up as a brush. Clear all frames. Stamp a copy of the brush in the middle of the screen. Click Draw to draw 40 fames of your brush. Choose Brush Handle>Place from the Brush menu. 148 Your brush now has a cross-hair running through the center of it. Position the brush about an inch and a half above the circle you painted in the middle of the screen. Hold down the left mouse button,drag straight down to the center of the ball you painted,and release the mouse button. FIGURE 8.2 Placing the brush handle Now your brush is offset from the cursor by about two inches. We'll use this brush to create an orbiting planet. Point at the center of the stamped circle with the cursor and click.(This stamps your circle brush above the circle in the middle of the screen.) Display the Move requester. Set the Z Angle to 360. Click Draw. Play the animation back and you'll see that your planet orbits around the central circle! Using the brush handle effectively becomes a little more complicated when you rotate over more than one axis,but you might want to spend a little trying different settings to see the effects you can create. SCROLLING BACKGROUND This section shows you how to create a scrolling background from a single picture. All you need to create this effect is a picture with left and right edges that meet to form a seamless image. 149 Clear all frames. Load the picture named Backdrop from the Dinos drawer(in the Lo-Res drawer)on your Art Disk. In the next step,you remove the gradient from the ground in the picture to reduce the amount of memory required for the animation. Since you are working in the Compressed memory model,each pixel of your animation that changes from one frame to the next uses memory. By removing the gradient,you reduce the number of pixels that change,and thus the amount of memory required. Still,this scrolling background will use a lot of memory. If you are using a 1 megabyte system,you will probably not be able to add any additional animation to the background. Change your background color to the primary orange color of the ground in your picture. Click the Brush Selector tool and pick up the ground using the right mouse button. This will remove the gradient and leave the primary orange color behind. Click the Brush Selector again and pick up the entire picture as a brush. Click CLR and clear all frames to the orange background. Stamp the picture back down as it was before. Display the Move requester. Set the X Distance to -320. Click Draw. When DeluxePaint is finished drawing your move,press Alt-x once to hold your brush by the lower left corner. Position the cursor in the very bottom right corner of the screen.(This aligns the left edge of your brush with the right edge of your picture on frame 1.) Stamp the brush in place. Display the Move requester and click Draw. DeluxePaint paints a second version of the Backdrop picture to complete the 40 frame scrolling background. Play your scrolling background to see how it looks. This example showed you how to create a scrolling background that moves left to right,but you can create one that moves in any direction by following the same basic steps. You can also use a picture that is larger than an animation frame to create your scrolling background. To do this,you create a large Scratch page and load or paint your large picture. Then you pick up the pieces of the picture in frame-size chunks and put them together just as we did above,except 150 that after you put together two pieces,you go to the Scratch page for the next chunk of picture and position at the first blank frame(in our case the first blank frame would be frame 41 if we had additional frames)and do the same move as before. FILLED PLANE EFFECTS The following effects use the Fill option in the Move requester to create filled planes that move. In the first example,the plane moves toward you so that it seems as though you are traveling,in the second example,the filled plane rolls as though you are doing a roll in an airplane. Set the number of frames to 20. Create a simple filled circle brush to use for your filled planes.(If you are on a 1 megabyte Amiga,don't add any gradient or other detail,because these filled plane moves require a lot of memory even with a simple brush.) TIP For the Moving Ground example,it helps if your brush height is a multiple of the number of frames you have. This will produce smoother results. MOVING AROUND Enter Perspective. Position the brrush near the bottom right corner of the screen and press Shift-7 to rotate the brush -90. Stampd down the brush. Click Undo. Click the Grid tool with the right mouse button and note the number listed for the Y Grid value in the Perspective requester. Click OK. Display the Move requester. Set the Y Distance to the same number as the Y Grid value only make the number negative. Turn on the Brush button beside the Distance fields so that you move along the brush's coordinates. Make sure the Count is set to 20. Click Fill. DeluxePaint will take a while to paint your frames. When it is finished,the animation will show a plane of circles moving toward you. ROLLING HORIZON Clear all frames to black. Choose Perspective>Reset from the Effect menu. 151 Press Enter twice(this takes you out and then back into Perspective).Position your brush near the bottom of the screen. Rotate the brush to -90 on the X-axis. Stamp down the brush. Click Undo. Display the Move requester. Click Clear. Set the X Distance to -640 and the Y Angle to 360. Make sure both Brush buttons are selected. Click Fill. Again,DeluxePaint takes a while to paint your 20 frames. When it is finished, the animation will show the filled plane of circles rotating 360 around the perspective center. AMAZING BOUNCING BALL Creating this effect is admittedly somewhat involved. In the process,you will use a wide range of features in DeluxePaint. At this point we assume you are familiar with all of the features,and our instructions are,at times,general. We hope this doesn't deter you from trying this amazing effect. It is,in fact,a great way to test your knowledge of the program;if you get stuck,you should look up how to perform the task we describe. Now,without further ado,the amazing bouncing ball. Set your number of frames to 10 and clear all frames. First you need to create a range of color to cycle. These will ultimately produce a spinning effect. Display the Color Palette requester and create a spread of eight identical reds and eight identical whites. Define these colors as a range and set the cycle speed to the maximum. Make sure these colors are not in any other ranges. Now you create a checkerboard pattern and wrap the pattern onto a circle to make it appear spherical. Display the Fill Type requester. Select the Horizontal gradient fill. Turn Dither off. Select one of the reds in your range of reds and white. Select the Filled Rectangle tool. Turn on Coordinates. Paint a rectangle that is 45 pixels wide and 22 pixels high. 152 Pick up your rectangle as a brush and create a red and white checkboard pattern. Then pick up exactly a 5 square by 5 square section of the checkerboard as a brush. Clear all frames. Display the Fill Type requester. Select Wrap fill. Paint a filled Circle that is approximately 3 inches across. As a finishing touch to your basic ball,you rotate it slightly so that,when you eventually spin it,it spins on an angle. Use the right mouse button to pick up the circle as a brush.(Be sure to pick up the smallest area possible.)Choose Rotate>Any Angle from the Brush menu and rotate the brush about 20. Now you give the ball some bounce. Go to the Frame 1. Stamp down the rotated brush so the bottom edge is near the bottom of the screen. Display the Move requester. Click Clear. Set the Y distance to about 75. Set Ease In to 10. Set the Count to 10. Select Go From. (Click Preview. The brush should move upward until it almost reaches the top of the screen. If it goes too far or not far enough,adjust the Y Distance setting and try Preview again.)Click Draw. Finally,you send the ball bouncing off into the distance by using the Move requester. Pick up the animated ball as an animbrush. Then choose AnimBrush>Settings from the Anim menu. Click the Ping Pong icon. Click OK. Clear all frames. Set the number of frames to 40 and Go to Frame 1 of the animation. Move the brush handle to the lower right corner of the brush. Go to cel 7 of the animbrush. Place the cursor in the lower left corner of frame 1(so the brush is off the screen)and stamp down the brush. Display the Move requester. Click Clear. Set the X Distance to 850 and the Z Distance to 500. Set the Count to 40. Set Ease In to 0. Click Draw. Turn on Color Cycling and play the animation. 153 You'll see a remarkably realistic animation of a spinning,bouncing ball. If you are adventurous,try creating a plane for the ball to bounce on. You'll need to adjust the plane's position to match the bottom of the ball where it bounces. Then you create the plane on the Scratch page and merge it behind the animation. When you choose the Spare>Merge in Back option,DeluxePaint asks if you want to merge behind all of your frames. This feature makes it easy to build up animations from several elements. TIPS This brief section lists some tips for using DeluxePaint's animation features. This is not a complete list of tips,so be sure you at least scan the rest of the manual if you are not inclined to read everything. You can use Fixed Background to see the current frame as you modify it for the next frame. This is very useful for freehand animations. Here's how it works: Create some animation frames and draw a figure on frame 1. Choose Background> Fix from the Effect menu. Choose a different color to paint a modified version of the first figure. Press 2 to step to frame 2. Choose Background Free to stamp the modified figure on frame 2. You can repeat this process to paint the next modification,and so on. If you want your brush to grow(move toward the screen)in your animation,but you need to stamp it in the small size for proper positioning,you will get nicer results if you paint the brush large and then use the ' or Ctrl key in Perspective to shrink it before you paint it down for the move. This way the brush moves toward its original large size as it is drawn by the Move requester and the large size will not suffer from "jaggies." Ease Out and Ease In the Move requester always affect both the Distance and Angle motions. So a falling,tumbling object won't look right--the tumble accelerates along with the fall. Here's a work around:Use Move to make a tumbling object without Ease Out or Ease In. Pick the object up as an animbrush. Now use Move to make this animbrush fall with Ease-Out for acceleration. The tumble stays at a constant rate,but the fall accelerates! 154 Similarly,Move can't Ease-Out one Distance parameter and not the other. That means it can't make a cannonball fly at a constant X speed but a decelerating Y speed(to form a parabola). You can overcome this by creating the animation in steps as in the Amazing Bouncing Ball effect:Use Move to paint a ball falling with Ease In. Pick up the falling ball as an animbrush. Use Move(or the Straight Line tool with N Total spacing)to paint the falling ball moving across the screen at a constant rate. If you want an object to completely disappear when it flies off to infinity, here's a trick:Set the X rotation to 90 so that the brush turns "edge on" as it approaches infinity. This way no more than a single pixel line will remain of your brush. When you paint your brush down to begin a move,Undo immediately after you stamp the brush. This guarantees that the brush appears correctly on the current frame when the move is painted. Painting down your brush before a move is how you tell DeluxePaint where to start the move from. You don't need to leave the paint in place,since DeluxePaint paints that frame again as the first frame of the move. You can't stamp the brush behind you,but you can Move it there. If you want an object to start from behind the viewer and drop into the screen with a perfect, unbroken motion,do this: Start from the center position and use the Move requester set to a Count of 1 to move the brush out to the position you want (for example,-1000 from the front of the screen). Now clear the screen or reload the background for the animation. Use the Move requester to move the brush forward enough Z distance to go from behind you past the center position and off into the distance. If you have a series of pictures that use the same screen format and palette, you can use DeluxePaint III to give a slide show. Just load each picture into a frame(see Load in the Picture menu for loading multiple pictures)and set a slow frame rate or flip the frames manually with the 2 and 1 keys. You can calculate the Distance numbers for the Move requester by positioning the brush at each end of the move in Perspective and subtracting the beginning position coordinates from the ending position coordinates. 155 SPACING TIPS When you animpaint with the shape tools,use the Spacing requester to control the number of brush stamps used to draw the shape. In effect,this setting determines how many frames you will paint over. INSTANT MARQUEES Set the Spacing requester to N Total and the number of frames you have,and animpaint unfilled shapes using a built-in brush. Using the Spacing set to N Total for animpainting is especially good with the Circle tool,which otherwise paints a non-cyclical pattern. Also try setting Spacing to Every Nth Dot,especially with the unfilled Polygon tool. 156 PAGES 157 & 158 ARE BLANK CHAPTER NINE: REFERENCE This reference is organized in three major parts: The Toolbox The Menus User Feedback Some entries in this reference make cross-references to other sections of the manual or other sections of the reference. If you see a cross-reference,we recommend that you look at that section referred to for more information. I TOOLBOX The toolbox is located on the right side of the screen. It contains built-in brushes,tools,the Color Indicator,and the Palette. You can hide the toolbox to work on more of your painting at one time by pressing the F10 key at the top of the keyboard(this hides the toolbox and the menu bar)and then pressing F9 to display the Menu Bar without the toolbox. FIGURE 9.1 The Toolbox 159 In the following descriptions of the tools,you'll find information about all of the different mouse button and keyboard combinations that are designed to work with each tool. Where appropriate,the descriptions of the tools also include the keyboard equivalents. And to help you learn these,we ave suggested a mnemonic for each one. You'll find these especially useful if you want to hide the Toolbox as explained above. BUILT-IN BRUSHES There are ten built-in brushes at the top of the Toolbox. To select a built-in brush,click on it with the left mouse button. Clicking a brush with the right button invokes the size option;when you move the brush to the screen,your cursor will have the word SIZE hanging from it. To increase or decrease the size of the brush,hold down either mouse button and move the mouse. You can press the plus key on the keyboard to increase the size of your brush, or press the minus key to decrease the size of the brush. DOTTED FREEHAND TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:s;Mnemonic:sketch) Use this tool to paint freehand in a series of "splats" of the current brush shape. To paint: Move the brush to the page,hold down the mouse button and move the mouse. The spacing between splats is a function of the speed at which you move the mouse. If you move the mouse slowly,there is no space between splats. As you increase the speed at which you move the mouse,the spacing between splats increases. Holding down the Shift key while painting with the Dotted Freehand tool constrains the tool to move either horizontally or vertically,depending on the direction you move the cursor immediately after pressing Shift. 160 CONTINUOUS FREEHAND/FILLED FREEHAND SHAPE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:d;Mnemonic: draw) Use the Freehand tool to draw freehand in a continuous spread of paint. This tool works the same as the Dotted Freehand tool,except that it never "dots." Holding down the Shift key while painting with the Continuous Freehand tool, constrains the tool to move either horizontally or vertically,depending on the direction you move the cursor immediately after pressing Shift. Use the Filled Freehand Shape tool to draw filled freehand shapes. When you release the mouse button,your shape is filled using the current setting of the Fill Type requester.(If you release the mouse button before you reach the starting point for your filled shape,the shape is completed with a straight line from the current mouse position to the starting point of the shape.) Holding down the Alt key as you click on the Filled Freehand Shape tool causes the tool to paint shapes that are filled and then outlined with the current brush using the settings of the Spacing requester. If you use a custom brush as your current brush,it is possible to paint shapes that are filled with one color and outlined with another. The outline is painted by tracing the shape with the current brush. Note that the shape is traced by the brush handle;if the handle is offset from the brush,the outline will be offset from your filled shape. FIGURE 9.2 Two outlined shapes using a custom brush--one with the handle centered and one with the handle offset from the brush 161 Clicking on the Filled Freehand Shape tool with the right mouse button displays the Fill Type requester. You use the Fill Type requester to set the fill type for all filled shapes. See Fill Tool for an explanation of the options in this requester. STRAIGHT LINE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:v;Mnemonic:vector) Use this tool to paint a straight line. To paint a line: Click the Straight Line tool with the left mouse button;then position the cursor at the beginning of the line,hold down the appropriate mouse button,drag the mouse to the end of the line,and release the mouse button. Holding down the Shift key while painting a straight line constrains the line to be either horizontal or vertical,depending on the direction you move the cursor immediately after pressing Shift. Holding down the Ctrl key as you paint a straight line,causes the line to leave "traces" as you paint. FIGURE 9.3 Traces drawn with Straight Line tool Clicking the Straight Line tool with the right button displays the Spacing requester. The Spacing requester lets you specify the space between the paint "splats" deposited by the brush. 162 SPACING N TOTAL 20 EVERY NTH DOT 8 AIRBRUSH 16 CONTINUOUS CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.4 The Spacing requester N Total defines the total number of "splats" that will occur along the line. You can define the number of "splats" by clicking the Number gadget,backspacing or deleting over the existing value and typing in the new value. Every Nth dot spacing sets the number of pixels between each "splat" of the brush. AIRBRUSH paints using the airbrush tool along the path defined by any tool affected by the Spacing requester. The number to the right of the button sets the number of airbrush sprays to be applied at each pixel along the path. This creates a fuzzy line or shape. You can use this feature with the painting modes from the Modes menu to create interesting effects. For example,using Smooth with a circle and the Airbrush spacing can create interesting textured effects. FIGURE 9.5 Circle painted using Airbrush spacing and the Smooth painting mode 163 CONTINUOUS spacing paints an unbroken path with no space between pixels. Continuous is the default setting for the Spacing requester. CURVE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:q;Mnemonic:qurve) Use the Curve tool with the left mouse button to select it. Then,position the cursor where you want the curve to begin,hold down the mouse button,move the cursor to where you want the curve to end,and release the mouse button. Move the mouse to drag the line to the arc shape you want,and click the mouse button. Holding down the Shift key while painting with the Curve tool constrains the tool to move either horizontally or vertically as you paint the initial line, depending on the direction you move the cursor immediately after pressing Shift. This is useful if you want the ends of your curve to line up horizontally or vertically. Holding down the Ctrl key as you paint a curve,causes the curve to leave "traces" as you paint. Clicking the Curve tool with the right button displays the Spacing requester (see Straight Line tool,above,for an explanation of the options in this requester). FILL TOOL(Keyboad Equivalent:f;Shift F:Fill requester;Mnemonic:fill) Use the Fill tool to fill an enclosed area using the current settings in the Fill Type requester. Click the Fill tool with the left mouse button to select it. Move the paint can cursor over the enclosed area you want to fill so that the tip of the spout is within the area,then click the mouse button to fill. (The spout of the Fill tool is the one pixel opening at the bottom of the "splash.") 164 FIGURE 9.6 The "spout" of the fill cursor Holding down the Alt key when you click with the Fill cursor,fills outward to the background color. In other words,the fill spreads outward until it reaches areas of the current background color. This works well in combination with the Tint fill setting to change the color of a gradient. Clicking the Fill tool with the right button displays the Fill Type requester. The options in the requester are explained in the following paragraphs. When you return to the painting screen after choosing a fill type,the current gradient(or pattern,if Pattern or perspective is selected)and its orientation are shown in the Color Fill box in the menu bar(see User Feedback in Menu Bar, later in this chapter). FILL TYPE SOLID TINT BRUSH WRAP PERSPECTIVE PATTERN FROM BRUSH GRADIENT: DITHER: CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.7 The Fill Type requester SOLID fills with the current color. If you paint or fill your shape using the left button,the shape is filled with the foreground color. If you paint or fill your shape using the right mouse button,it is filled with the background color. 165 TINT tints the area with the current fill color by replacing the Hue and Saturation levels of the screen pixels with those of the current fill color. Tint does not change the Value of the pixels.(See Tutorial One in Chapter Six: Painting Tutorials for a discussion of Hue,Saturation,and Value.)When DeluxePaint performs a Tint operation,it calculates the RGB values for the new color and then looks in your palette for the closest matching color. As a result,the effect created by a Tint is dependent on the colors available in the current palette. BRUSH fills with one image of the current custom brush and sizes it to fit the filled area. See Figure 9.8. WRAP fills with one image of the current custom brush and adjusts it to the horizontal and vertical shape of the filled area. This gives the illusion of wrapping the brush around a 3D solid. The effect is most pronounced if you use it to fill a shape that is very different from the shape of the custom brush. See Figure 9.8. FIGURE 9.8 Brush and Wrap fills PERSPECTIVE fills with a pattern of the current brush in the current perspective setting(see Perspective under the Effects menu later in this chapter). HBRITE fills using the Hbrite painting mode. In effect,this is a special form of tinting that only works if you are working in Extra Halfbrite mode. When you are not in Extra Halfbrite mode,this option does not appear in the requester. 166 PATTERN fills with a pattern made from a brush. To use this option,you must first click From Brush to create a pattern of the current brush. This pattern remains the current fill pattern until you click From Brush again to create a new pattern. GRADIENT fills with a spread of colors from the cycle range of the current foreground color. Select one of the three options by clicking it with the left mouse button: VERTICAL fill paints the gradient vertically from left to right with an even distribution. HORIZONTAL fill paints the gradient horizontally from top to bottom. HORIZONTAL LINE fill paints the gradient left to right one line at a time and adjusts the gradient on each line so that it follows the contours of the shape being filled. FIGURE 9.9 Vetical,Horizontal,and Horizontal Line gradient fills You can specify the direction of the gradient fill(that is,which colors in the cycle range it begins filling with)by clicking the Cycle Direction Arrow in the Color Palette requester.(See Color Palette requester later in this chapter.) Dither controls the degree of mixing of colors in the gradient fill. Drag the Dither slider left or right with the left mouse button to decrease or increase the amount of dither. Setting Dither all the way to the left gives you no 167 mixing between shades. Moving the Dither slider to the right increases the amount of mixing at the color boundaries. H-B The H-B option lets you choose whether you want the Extra Halfbrite colors used in your gradient. This option does not appear in the requester if you are not in Extra Halfbrite mode. AIRBRUSH TOOL Simulates the action of an airbrush by spraying with the current brush. Click the Airbrush tool with the left mouse button to select it. Position the cross-hair on the page and press either mouse button. Holding down the Shift key while painting with Airbrush tool,constrains the tool to move either horizontally or vertically,depending on the direction you move the cursor immediately after pressing Shift. Clicking on the Airbrush tool with the right mouse button lets you size its nozzle. After clicking the tool with the right mouse button,move the cursor onto the page and hold down the left mouse button. Now drag the mouse until the nozzle is the size you want,then release the mouse button. UNFILLED/FILLED RECTANGLE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:r--Unfilled;R--Filled; Mnemonic:rectangle) Use the Rectangle tool to paint a rectangle shape using any brush. The upper left half of the tool paints a rectangle outline using the current settings of the Spacing requester. The lower right half of the tool paints a filled rectangle using the current settings of the Fill Type requester. Click the Rectangle tool with the left mouse button to select it. Position the cursor on the page where you want the rectangle to begin;then dold down the mouse button and move the cursor diagonally in any direction to form a rectangle. When the rectangle is the size you want,release the mouse button. Holding down the shift key while painting with the Rectangle tool,constrains the rectangle to be the same number of pixels wide and high. 168 You will notice that holding down Shift down not produce a square. This is because the pixels in the Amiga display are not square. To paint a square,turn on the Be Square option in the Prefs menu. When Be Square is on,DeluxePaint III adjusts the height and width of your square so that it appears square rather than being square in terms of pixel count. Holding down the Ctrl key as you paint a rectangle,causes the rectangle to leave "traces" as you paint. Holding down the Alt key as you click on the Filled Rectangle tool causes the tool to paint shapes that are filled and then outlined with the current brush using the settings of the Spacing requester.(See Freehand Shape tool for more information.) Clicking on the Unfilled Rectangle tool with the right mouse button displays the Spacing requester. Use this requester to set the spacing between "splats" in the sides of your rectangle.(See Straight Line tool,above.) Clicking on the Filled Rectangle tool with the right mouse button displays the Fill Type requester. Use this requester to set the type of fill you want in your rectangle. See Fill Tool for an explanation of the options in this requester. UNFILLED/FILLED CIRCLE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:c --Unfilled;C--Filled; Mnemonic:circle) Use the Circle Tool to paint circles using any brush. The upper left half of the tool paints a circle outline using the current settings of the Spacing requester. The lower right half of the tool paints a filled circle using the current settings of the Fill Type Requester. Click the Circle tool with the left mouse button to select it. Position the cursor on the page where you want the center of the circle;then hold down the mouse button and move the cursor in any direction to form the circle. When the circle is the size you want,release the mouse button. The circles that DeluxePaint III paints may not appear perfectly circular. Circles are painted to be the same number of pixels high as they are wide. The circles do not appear perfectly circular because the pixels of the Amiga 169 display are not square. If you want your circles to appear circular,turn on the Be Square option in the Prefs menu. When Be Square is on,DeluxePaint III adjusts the height and width of your circle so that it appears circular rather than being circular in terms of pixel count. Holding down the Ctrl key as you paint a circle,causes the circle to leave "traces" as you paint. Holding down the Alt key as you click on the Filled Circle tool causes the tool to paint shapes that are filled and then outlined with the current brush using the settings of the Spacing requester.(See Freehand Shape tool for more information.) Clicking on the Unfilled Circle tool with the right mouse button displays the Spacing requester. Use this requester to set the spacing between "splats" in the sides of your circle.(See Straight Line tool,above.) Clicking on the Filled Circle tool with the right mouse button displays the Fill Type requester. Use this requester to set the type of fill you want in your circle. See Fill Tool for an explanation of the options in this requester. UNFILLED/FILLED ELLIPSE TOOL(Keyboard Equivalent:e --Unfilled;E -- Filled; Mnemonic:ellipse) Use the Ellipse tool to paint an ellipse shape using any brush. The upper left half of the tool paints an ellipse outline using the current settings of the Spacing requester. The lower right half of the tool paints a filled ellipse using the current setting of the Fill Type requester. Click the Ellipse tool with the left mouse button to select it. Position the cursor on the page where you want the center of the ellipse and click the mouse button;move the cursor in any direction to form the ellipse shape you want;then hold down the left mouse button and move the mouse in a circular motion to rotate the ellipse to the orientation you want. When the ellipse is positioned the way you want,release the mouse button. Holding down the Ctrl key as you paint an ellipse,causes the ellipse to leave "traces" as you paint. 170 Holding down the Alt key as you click on the Filled Ellipse tool causes the tool to paint shapes that are filled and then outlined with the current brush using the settings of the Spacing requester.(See Freehand Shape tool for more information.) Clicking on the Unfilled Ellipse tool with the right mouse button displays the Spacing requester. Use this requester to set the spacing between "splats" in the sides of your ellipse.(See Straight Line tool,above.) Clicking on the Filled Ellipse tool with the right mouse button displays the Fill Type requester. Use this requester to set the type of fill you want in your ellipse. See Fill Tool for an explanation of the options in this requester. UNFILLED/FILLED POLYGON TOOL Use the Polygon tool to paint a polygon shape using any brush. The upper left half of the tool paints a polygon outline using the current settings of the Spacing requester. The lower right half of the tool paints a filled polygon using the current settings of the Fill Type requester. Click the Polygon tool with the left mouse button to select it. Position the cursor on the page where you want one of the corners of the polygon. Click the mouse button,then move the mouse in any direction to pull out a side of the polygon. Click to tack down each corner of the polygon. Clicking on the Polygon's point of origin completes it. (You can complete a polygon without having to search for the point of origin by pressing the Spacebar. This automatically completes the polygon by connecting your last corner with the origin. However,if you're using the Unfilled Polygon tool,pressing the Spacebar will not complete the polygon. You'll need to connect the last corner with the point of origin yourself.) Holding down the Ctrol key as you paint a polygon,causes the polygon sides to leave "traces" as your paint. Holding down the Alt key as you click on the Filled Polygon tool causes the tool to paint shapes that are filled and then outlined with the current brush using the settings of the Spacing requester.(See Freehand Shape tool for more information.) 171 Clicking on the Unfilled Polygon tool with the right mouse button displays the Spacing requester. Use this requester to set the spacing between "splats" in the sides of your polygon.(See Straight Line tool,above.) Clicking on the Filled Polygon tool with the right mouse button displays the Fill Type requester. Use this requester to set the type of fill you want in your polygon. See Fill Tool for an explanation of the options in this requester. BRUSH SELECTOR(Keyboard Equivalent: b for new brush,B for previous brush; Mnemonic:brush) Use the Brush Selector to create a custom brush from any image on the page,or to recall your most recent custom brush. To select a rectangular brush area: Click on the Brush Selector with the left mouse button to select it. Move the cursor to the page,where it becomes a large cross-hair. Hold down the mouse button and drag diagonally to enclose the area you want to yse as a brush. Release the mouse button to select it. To select a polygonal brush area: Click on the Brush Selector twice with the left mouse button to select it.(The second click changes the Brush Selector icon to look like the Polygon tool.) You can now surround the area you want to pick up as a brush as though you were drawing with the Polygon tool. As with the Polygon tool,pressing the Spacebar completes the brush selection automatically. Using the left mouse button to pick up a brush simply copies the selected areas as a brush. Using the right button to select the brush cuts the selected area from the page to make the brush,and replaces the area with the current background color. When you pick up a brush,any colors that match the current background color are transparent. If you have AutoTransp turned on in the Prefs menu,an additional rule is applied. In this case,if all corners of the brush are of the same color 172 that color becomes transparent,regardless of whether it is the background color.(See AutoTransp in the Prefs menu later in this chapter.) You can recall your most recent custom brush or animbrush by clicking the Brush Selector with the right button or pressing Shift-B. This toggles between the two brushes with each click. Holding down the Shift key while selecting a brush with the rectangular Brush Selector will constrain the brush to be be a square. This means that it will be the same number of pixels higha as it is wide. Because the pixels of the Amiga display are not square,your brush may not appear square. If you want the brush to appear square,turn on the Be Square option in the Prefs menu before you select the brush. TEXT(Keyboard Equivalent: t;Mnemonic: text) Use the Text tool to type text onto your picture. Click the Text tool with the left mouse button to select it. Move the cursor to the page and click to place the text cursor. Type on the keyboard to enter text in the current foreground color. Use the Backspace key to erase text,and use Return to begin a new line. To edit text mode,press ESC or click a painting tool. The text will automatically wrap around the right edge of the page and restart below the origin cursor position. If your page size is larger than the screen, the page scrolls as you type off the edge of the screen. Note that you cannot backspace over typed characters if the screen scrolls. Clicking the Text Tool with the right button displays the Choose Font requester. Use this requester to choose fonts,sizes,and styles for your text. 173 CHOOSE FONT DIAMOND EMERALD SIZE: 12 GARNET STYLE: OPAL BOLD RUBY ITALIC SAPPHIRE ITALIC TOPAZ UNDERLINE SHOW DRAWER CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.10 The Choose Font requester The following options are available in the Choose Font requester: The scrolling font list on the left displays the set of fonts that are available in the current font directory. To choose a font,click on its name in the scrolling list. By default this directory is specified as SYS:fonts. By clicking in the Drawer parameter and typing a new disk directory path name and hitting Return,you can specify and new disk drawer for fonts. This makes it much easier to access fonts from directories other than SYS:fonts. For example, to use the fonts on the Art disk,you would type art:fonts in the Drawer edit field and press Return. See the section titled Text in Chapter Four: The Elements. You choose the size of the font by clicking on the up and down arrows next to the size parameter. The scrolling list of sizes is restricted to the currently available sizes for the font that you have chosen. You choose the style of te font by clicking on the Bold,Italic,and Underline buttons below the Size parameter. You can use these styles in any combination. Clicking the buttons a second time turns the options off. Clicking on the Show button loads the currently selected font from disk and displays a sample of the current font in the show window. 174 GRID(Keyboard Equivalents:g -- grid on/off;Shift-G -- grid on and uses brush handle location as a grid point;Mnemonic:grid) The Grid constrains the action of the painting tools. If you use Shift-G to turn the grid on while using a brush,the grid will use the current brush handle position as one of its points. The tools affected by the grid are: Dotted Freehand Straight Line Rectangle Circle Ellipse Brush Selector Text Clicking the Grid icon with the right button displays the Gridding requester. Use the Gridding requester to adjust the x and y spacing of the grid. GRIDDING X-SPACING: 8 Y-SPACING: 8 ADJUST CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.11 The Gridding requester You can specify the grid values in pixels by deleting or backspacing over the existing values and typing in the new ones. Alternatively,you can click the Adjust box,which lets you visually place and adjust the grid. Position the grid and drag with either button to adjust the size. Clicking the Grid tool with the right mouse button while you are in Perspective mode displays the Perspective Settings requesters. See Perspective Setting in the Effect menu for information about this requester. 175 SYMMETRY(Keyboard Equivalent: /) The Symmetry tool helps you paint symmetrical patterns around a central point or based on a tiling scheme. Symmetry works with all tools except Text and Brush Selector. Clicking the Symmetry tool with the right mouse button displays the Symmetry requester. You use this requester to choose between the two symmetry modes (Point and Tile)and to set parameters for each of the modes. SYMMETRY SYMMETRY POINT TILE POINT TILE CYCLIC MIRROR ORDER: 6 WIDTH: 60 PLACE HEIGHT: 40 CANCEL OK CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.12 The Symmetry requester in both Point and Tile settings POINT Symmetry works around a central symmetry point in either Mirror(mirror image duplication of each point)or Cyclic(direct duplication at each symmetry point). In Point Symmetry you can select the number of symmetry points by using the Order edit field. You can also set the location of the symmetry center by clicking Place and then the point on the screen where you want the center of symmetry. PLACE lets you position the central point of your symmetrical pattern. To reposition the central point,click Place,move the large cross-hair to the new location,and click the left mouse button. Subsequent symmetrical drawing will be centered on the new location. Use Tile Symmetry to create 'tile' patterns. You can set the horizontal and vertical dimensions(in pixels)of the tile size. Tile is useful in creating fill patterns;once you've created your symmetrical pattern,set the Grid to the same spacing as the tiles to pick up exactly one tile as a brush. 176 NOTE Because Tile Symmetry gives immediate feedback as you draw,it replaces the picture beneath each of the tiles in the symmetry. This will effectively destroy any picture that was on the screen before you turned on Tile Symmetry. If you want to use Tile Symmetry to paint over an existing picture,choose Background>Fix from the Effect menu before you turn on Tile Symmetry. This will protect your existing picture from any inadvertent alteration. MAGNIFY(Keyboard Equivalent:m;Mnemonic:magnify) The Magnify tool divides the screen into two parts and displays the right-hand side in magnification. This tool is especially useful for detail work. When you are in Magnify mode,you can use any other tool on either side of the screen. Click the Magnify tool with either button to select it. Position the Magnify box over the part of the image you want to enlarge and click with either button. In a moment the screen is divided into two parts,with the right part magnified. You can scroll the magnification window using the arrow keys or the n key,which centers the area under the cursor. To change the magnification scale click the Zoom tool,to the right of the Magnify Tool. Clicking Zoom with the left button enlarges the magnified area; clicking with the right button shrinks. ZOOM(Keyboard Equivalent: >enlarge;Palette in the Picture menu for information about the features in the Color Palette requester. PALETTE Clicking a color in the Palette selects that color. Click with the left button to select a new foreground color and with the right button to select a new background color. You can hold down the mouse button and slide the mouse around the palette until you let the mouse button up on the color you want. 178 You can scroll through the colors in the Palette to select a foreground color by pressing the [ and ] keys on the keyboard. Shift-[ and Shift-] scroll through the available background colors. To change the colors in your Palette,use the Change Color>Palette option in the Picture menu. II MENU ITEMS The menus in DeluxePaint work just like other Amiga menus: point to the Title Bar and press the right mouse button to display the Menu Bar. Then,point to a menu name to open that menu. Finally,drag the arrow down to one of the menu options and release the mouse button to select that option. Some menu options present submenus to the right side of the option. In these cases,you can drag the highlight down to the option to display the submenu,then drag the highlight to the right and down again to select an option from the submenu. When we reference a submenu option in this manual,we use the following convention:"Choose(or select)menu option>submenu option from the X menu." So, for example,"choose Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu," means display the Picture menu and highligh Change Color. This exposes the Change Color submenu. From the submenu highlight Use Brush Palette and release the mouse button to activate your command. In many cases,you can select a menu item by using its keyboard equivalent. A table of keyboard equivalents is included as Appendix B at the back of this manual. Before you use a keyboard equivalent,make sure the cursor is not pointing at the Menu Bar or the Toolbox or Palette,or your keystroke will have no effect. One keyboard equivalent deserves special mention:a,the "Again" key invokes your last menu command,whatever it may have been. The menus,reading from left to right across the Menu Bar,are as follows: 179 1.PICTURE MENU The Picture menu lets you save,load,and print your pictures,as well as allowing you to make various global changes to the color palette,screen resolution,and page format. The Picture menu contains the following menu items: LOAD Displays the Load Picture requester. To load a file from disk: Click the button for the drive you want to load from(for example,df1:). Point to the name of the file you want to load,click with the left button,and then click Load.(If you click a subdirectory name you will see all the files in that subdirectory.) When you load a picture,the loaded picture replaces any existing picture. If you have multiple frames,the loaded picture replaces the current frame. Clicking the listing "/Parent(DIR)" moves you into the parent directory in which the curent subdirectory resides,which may be the root directory. If you swap disks while the Load Picture requester is displayed,DeluxePaint read the new disk's directory but does not display it until you click the drive button. If there are more items in the directory but does not display it until you click the drive button. If there are more items in the directory than there is room in the window,you can scroll through the directory by clicking the up and down arrow keys,as appropriate,or by dragging the scroll box up and down. Click Load to load the selected file,or Cancel if you change your mind. 180 LOAD PICTURE SPECIFY DRIVE DRAWER LO-RES FILE DF0: DF1: RAM: # OF FRAMES: 1 LOAD CANCEL FIGURE 9.14 Load Picture requester The # of Frames edit field near the bottom of the requester lets you load multiple pictures at one time as frames of an animation. The pictures must all be in the same format. If you already have animation frames,those frames are discarded and DeluxePaint creates new frames as you load.(If you want to add picutes to your animation without discarding it,you must load the picture one at a time.)DeluxePaint loads the pictures starting with the picture you selected in the requester and continuing alphabetically down the listing to load the number of frames you requested. This option basically does the reverse operation of the Frames:_to_fields in the Save Picture requester. SAVE Displays the Save Picture requester. This requester works almost identically to the Load Picture requester,except that it saves the file to disk rather than loading it. To save a picture: Choose Save from the Picture menu. In the Save Picture requester,click on a disk button(df0:,df1:,ram:,etc.)to choose the disk you want to save to. Click on the subdirectory you selected appear in the Drawer edit field.)Click in the File edit field and type a name for your picture. Finally,click Save to save the file. You can save in a particular subdirectory by clicking in the Drawer gadget and typing in the subdirectory name,or by clicking the subdirectory name directly from the displayed file names. 181 When you type in either the Drawer or File edit fields,you can erase the existing type by clicking at the end of the existing name and Backspacing,or by clicking at the beginning of the name and Deleting. You can move over the text without deleting it by using the arrow keys. You can save a picture under an existing file name by clicking that file name in the file listing,or you can enter a new file name(up to 29 characters long) by clicking the File edit field and typing the name. Whenever you save a picture under an existing name,DeluxePaint displays a requester for you to confirm that you want to overwrite the existing file. Pictures are saved and reloaded with all their attributes,such as palettes, stencils and perspective information. Pictures are saved and reloaded with all their attributes,such as palettes, stencils and perspective information. SAVE PICTURE SPECIFY DRIVE DRAWER LO-RES FILE DF0: DF1: RAM: SAVE CANCEL FIGURE 9.15 Save Picture requester If you have multiple frames when you display the Save Picture requester,the bottom portion of the requester will contain Frames edit fields for you to specify which frames of your animation you want to save. You enter a file name and specify a drawer just as you would when saving a single picture. When you click Save,the frames are saved as separate pictures with a number added to the end of the file name. For example,if you enter 5 to 10 as the frames you want to save,the frames are saved as Filename005 through Filename010. DELETE Displays the Delete File requester,allowing you to delete a file from the disk without leaving the program. This function is useful if you find that your data disk is full and you need to delete a file before you can save your work. The 182 Delete File requester works just like the Load and Save requesters described above. You can enter a file name by clicking that name in the requester window, or by typing the name directly into the File edit field. NOTE You can use this option to delete any kind of file on the disk,not just pictures. Thus,you can delete brushes,animations,etc. DELETE FILE SPECIFY DRIVE DRAWER LO-RES FILE DF0: DF1: RAM: DELETE CANCEL FIGURE 9.16 Delete File requester PRINT Displays the Print Picture requester. Before you start to print a picture,make sure you have selected the correct printer driver from Preferences,and that your printer is connected and turned on. See your Amiga Users Guide for information on printer preferences. PRINT PICTURE ASPECT: IMAGE:+- SHADE: B&W GREY COLOR PLACEMENT: % DOTS %WIDE:100 %HIGH:0 LINE FEEDS: 0 COPIES:1 FORM FEED: NO YES CANCEL EXIT PRINT FIGURE 9.17 Print Picture requester The Print Picture requester provides the following options: 183 ASPECT:This lets you specify the orientation of the picture on the paper,either Normal,the default,or Sideways. Click the Up-arrow button for Normal or the Left-arrow button for Sideways. IMAGE:This lets you specify whether the printout will be a positive or negative image. Click the Plus button for positive or the Minus button for negative. SHADE:This lets you specify whether the printout will be in color,in shades of grey,or in black and white. Make sure the setting is appropriate for your printer. If you are using a single-color ribbon,click B&W. If you want to translate your image's colors into shades of grey,use the Grey setting. To print in full color,click Color. PLACEMENT:This option lets you specify whether the picture should be printed against the left margin of the page or centered on the page. %/DOTS:The % option lets you control the size of the printout by specifying the % width and % height of the printout paper. The Dots option lets you specify the size of the printout in terms of the actual printer pixels. If the % option is active then the following parameters can be specified: % Wide and % High: These let you change the aspect ratio(the ratio of height to width)of the picture by setting the percentages for each. The default values are 100% Wide and 0% High. 0% is a special case and tells the printer to maintain the same aspect ratio as the screen version of the picture. To change the aspect ratio,leave the % Wide at 100 and enter a new % High value. You can use this feature to compensate for elongated squares and circles that result when you change screen formats. If you just want to shrink the picture while maintaining the same aspect ration,change the % Wide value and leave the % High value at 0. To change either value,click the appropriate gadget,Backspace or Delete over the existing value,and type in the new one. If the Dots option is active you can set only the printout width and height in dots. LINE FEEDS:Lets you set the number of line feeds you want to insert after a picture is printed. This way you can easily print two pictures on the same page with a specified amount of space in between the pictures. 184 COPIES:Lets you specify how many copies of the picture you want printed. FORM FEED:Lets you set whether or not you want the printer to move to the next sheet of paper before printing each image. This lets you easily print a single picture per sheet of paper. CANCEL if you don't want to print and don't want to save any new settings. Click Exit if you don't want to print,but want to save your settings to print later. Click Print to print the current picture,or once you start printing,you can stop at any time by pressing the Stop button that appears while printing is in progress. FLIP As its name implies,Flip lets you flip a picture about its x-ory-axis. If you have multiple frames,you can flip one frame,a range of frames,or all frames of your animation. The following secondary menu items are available under the Flip option: HORIZ Flips the current picture about the horizontal or x-axis. VERT Flips the current picture about the vertical or y-axis. CHANGE COLOR The Change Color option presents a secondary menu with options for manipulating the colors in your picture. PALETTE(Keyboard Equivalent:p) Displays the Color Palette requester. You can also display the Color Palette requester by clicking the Color Indicator(between the palette and the Toolbox) with the right mouse button. This is the master color control panel,which you use to adjust colors,create spreads of color,and define cycle ranges. You can move the Color Palette requester around on the screen by pointing to the bar at its top,pressing the left mouse button,and dragging it to the new location. 185 COLOR PALETTE R G B H S V 15 12 8 4 0 SPREAD EX COPY RANGE: 1 2 3 4 5 6 SPEED CANCEL UNDO OK FIGURE 9.18 The Color Palette requester To select a color,use the left mouse button to click the color either in the requester or anywhere on the page(including the Palette at the bottom right of the screen). The selected color is displayed in the small box in the upper right area of the requester. Use the RGB(for Red,Green,and Blue)or HSV(for Hue, Saturation,and Value)sliders to change the color.(See Tutorial One in Chapter Six:Painting Tutorials for an explanation of color mixing in RGB or HSV.) The Copy button lets you copy a color from one position to another: Click the first color,click Copy,the click the position you want to copy into. The Ex button lets you exchange the position of two colors in the palette: Click the first color,click Ex,then click the second color. If you use Ex to rearrange the colors in your Palette,the resulting screen image will likely be in the wrong colors. You can correct this by choosing Change Color>Remap from the Picture menu.(Note that you should remap immediately after you change the color arrangement in the palette. If you modify the palette a second time without first remapping,you will not be able to remap to the original palette.) The Sread button helps you quickly create a spread of shades between two colors: Click the first color,click Spread,and then click the second color. 186 DeluxePaint creates a uniform spread of colors,taking into account the beginning and ending shades and the number of colors in between. DEFINING RANGES You use the Range button to define ranges of color for the color cycling, gradient fill,Shade,and Blend features of DeluxePaint. Click one of the six numbered range buttons to choose the range number you are defining. Click the color you want at one end of the range,click Range,then click the color at the other end of the range. Once you have defined a range of colors,selecting any of the colors in the range selects the entire range for the features that use ranges. The Speed slider lets you control the speed of color cycling for each range. Drag the Speed slider to the left(slower)or to the right(faster). By holding the button down on the slider you can monitor the color cycling right on the page,even if Color Cycling is turned off. You can control the cycle direction for each range by clicking on the Cycle Direction Arrow at the bottom right of the Color Palette requester while that range is selected. This arrow also sets the direction of the range when it is used as a gradient. You can reverse the last change you made in the Color Palette requester by clicking Undo. USE BRUSH PALETTE When you load a brush from disk,DeluxePaint continues to use the current picture palette,even though it may be different from the one the brush was created with. Use Brush Palette switches to the brush palette,and includes any information about color cycling that was saved with the brush. If the newly loaded brush uses more colors than the current picture,Use Brush Palette switches to the brush palette and reduces the number of colors to that of the picture palette. It does so by recomputing the palette to match the original as closely as possible with fewer colors. After choosing Use Brush Palette,you can still revert to the original picture palette by using the Restore Palette command(see below). 187 Compare Use Brush Palette with the Remap command in the Brush menu;this command lets you keep the current picture palette,but maps the brush to the picture palette to match the original brush palette as closely as possible. RESTORE PALETTE This option returns you to the palette you were using before the current palette. Thus,if you load a picture with a different palette,Restore Palette reverts to the palette in effect before the load. See Use Brush Palette,above, and Default Palette below. DEFAULT PALETTE The default palette is the palette DeluxePaint always uses when you first start the program. The Default Palette command replaces the current palette with the default palette. Note that the palette contains range and cycle speed information as well as the color settings,and all of these settings are replaced when you select Default Palette. CYCLE(Keyboard Equivalent:Tab) Toggles color cycling on/off. Color cycling uses the color ranges you define in the Color Palette requester.(See Palette,above). If a color is not included in any range,it does not cycle. See "Animation with Color Cycling" in Tutorial One of Chapter Six:Painting Tutorials. BG->FG Changes all pixels that use the current background color to use the current foreground color. This provides an easy method of changing colors globally--all pixels in the current background color in the picture are changed to the current foreground color. The change occurs on-screen only and does not affect the order of colors in the color palette. Undo does not reverse this change. BG<->FG Swaps all pixels in the current background color with the current foreground color. This is similar to the Bg->Fg option above,except that the change occurs in both directions. The change occurs on-screen only and does not affect the order of colors in the color palette. Like Bg->Fg,above,Undo does not reverse this change. 188 REMAP When you create a picture,DeluxePaint "remembers" each color on the screen by remembering its location in the palette. If a picture on the screen was created with a palette other than the current palette(for example,if you have modified the palette since loading the picture),Remap finds the locations in the current palette of the colors it used in the original palette and "tells" the picture to look there for its colors. Bg->Fg and Bg<->Fg,above,are special cases of Remap. See also Remap in the Brush menu,below. Undo does not reverse this change. SPARE The Spare option presents a submenu with options that apply to the spare page feature in DeluxePaint. The following secondary options are available under the Spare option: SWAP(Keyboard Equivalent:j) Displays the spare page. When you first call it up,the spare page is the standard screen size. If you wish to use a larger page size on the spare page, you will need to make the appropriate selection from the Page Size option(see below). Note,however,that you can increase the size of a page only if you have sufficient memory available. Note also that a spare page uses up memory,even if there is nothing on it. COPY TO SPARE Copies the picture on the current page to the spare page. This lets you experiment with your picture on the spare page without fear of losing anything. If you do not have sufficient memory for a spare page,save the image to disk if you wish to experiement with it. If you copy to the spare from a page that is larger than then spare,only the visble portion of the page is copied. If you copy to a spare which is larger than the screen,a copy is made to the spare at the location in the spare that was visible when yu last viewed it. MERGE IN FRONT Merges that spare page in front of the current page. When the spare page is brought forward,all pixels matching its current background color will appear transparent,allowing images on the current page to show through. 189 MERGE IN BACK Merges the spare page in back of the current page. When the spare page is put behind the current one,all pixels which match the current page's background color will appear transparent,allowing images on the spare page to show though. DELETE THIS PAGE If you no longer wish to have memory allocated for a second page,use the Delete this Page command to delete the current page(the one currently showing on the screen)and to deallocate the memory set aside for it. Be sure you have saved a copy of the picture you are deleting if you think you may need it later. When you select Delte this Page,DeluxePaint asks you to confirm the deletion,and then switches you to the other page. PAGE SIZE Displays the Page Size requester. You can select the page size(in pixels)you wish to work on. Standard is the normal Amiga display size for the selected resolution. SET PAGE SIZE TYPE IN SIZE: WIDTH: 320 HEIGHT:200 OR SELECT ONE: STANDARD 320 X 200 FULL PAGE 320 X 340 OVERSCAN 352 X 240 CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.19 Set Page Size requester Full Page gives you a full printed page image(8 1/2 by 11 inches)on most printers. Overscan gives you a full screen display,thereby letting you create picutes that fill the entire screen. This is particularly useful if you wish to videotape your images. In order to paint on the edges of a full video screen you need to scroll the image around using the cursor keys or the n key unless you set the Screen Format to Overscan(see Screen Format,below). Alternatively, you can view the entire screen by selecting Show Page(see below). 190 Clicking one of the three settings automatically sets the height and width in the corresponding edit fields. You can also type in any other side you wish by clicking the appropriate edit field,Backspacing or Deleting over the existing value,and typing in the new size. Although DeluxePaint will recognize page sizes up to 1008 x 1024,you would need to reduce the number of colors in your palette to create a picture this large. SHOW PAGE(Keyboard Equivalent:Shift-S) Displays your current page in its entirety in a reduced format -- for example, in 640x400 page size in Lo-Res,it shows only every other pixel. Pressing any key or either mouse button returns you to the current page. SCREEN FORMAT This option displays the Screen Format requester. If you select a number of colors that will exceed your available memory,DeluxePaint will retain the format you have selected but use fewer colors. Be sure to save a copy of your current screen before changing screen formats,because once you have reduced the number of colors,the original color information is lost. In addition,note that changing formats eliminates most items from memory,including the Font Directory. The Screen Format requester gives you the following options: LO-RES:This is the default setting,giving you a pixel array of 320x200. Lo-Res lets you have up to 32 colors on the screen. DeluxePaint III also supports a special 64 color mode called Extra Halfbrite. The 64 color Extra-Halfbrite is special in that the first 32 colors in the palette are customizable,whereas the last 32 color in the palette are half intensities of the first 32 and are not directly changeable by the user. NOTE Not all Amiga 1000 computers support Extra Halfbrite. The easiest way to find out whether or not your computer supports this display mode is to try it. Choose Lo Res and 64 colors in the Choose Screen Format requester and look at the Palette(make sure the pointer is not in the Menu Bar or Toolbox). If the last 32 colors are the same as the first,your computer doesn't support Extra Halfbrite. 191 MED-RES:Uses a pixel array of 640x200. Pixels in Med-Res format are tall and narrow compated to the other screen formats. This means that if you switch between Lo-Res and Med-Res,objects will become flattened or elongated because of the different pixel shape used by each format. You can compensate for this by using the Double Horiz and Double Vert options from the Brush menu(see below). Med-Res allows up to 16 colors. INTERLACE:Uses interlace techniques to double the number of horizontal lines. This produces a flicker that can be avoided by using a high persistence monitor. The interlace pixel is wider than it is tall,so moving from Lo-Res or Med-Res to Interlace will flatten images,while moving in the other direction will elongate them. Interlace format allows up to 64 colors on the screen as in the Lo-Res mode. HI-RES:Uses a pixel array of 640x400. Because Hi-Res also interlaces the horizontal lines,it is subject to the same flicker as the Interlace format. Pixel shape in Hi-Res format is the same as that of Lo-Res. Hi-Res format allows up to 16 colors on the screen. See Appendix A for more information on memory requirements. OVERSCAN:Puts DeluxePaint's display screen into overscan mode allowing you to view and edit your image in the border area around the normal viewable screen area. If the control panel or menu bar is showing when in overscan mode,the screen is shifted down and to the left to make sure you can see the controls. If you need to adjust the position of your screen,you can do so by holding down Ctrl and using the cursor keys. This saves you the trouble of exiting the program to adjust your screen through Preferences. The Screen Format requester also give you the option of retaining the same page size or changing your current screen to the new screen size. Example #1:SCREEN--If you start in 320x200 screen format and move to 640x400 format,your image will fill only one quarter of the screen. If you go from 640x 400 to 320x200,you will only retain the upper left quarter of your image. 192 Example #2:KEEP SAME--If you start in 640x400 format and move to 320x200 format,you will retain the entire image but you will need to scroll the screen to see all of it. CHOOSE SCREEN FORMAT FORMAT: NUMBER OF COLORS: LO-RES 320X200 MED-RES 640X200 2 16 INTERLACE 320X400 4 32 HI-RES 640X400 8 64 OVERSCAN PAGE SIZE: SCREEN KEEP SAME CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.20 Choose Screen Format requester after program start up When you first boot DeluxePaint you are presented with a slightly diffeent version of the Screen Format requester. CHOOSE SCREEN FORMAT FORMAT: NUMBER OF COLORS: LO-RES 320X200 MED-RES 640X200 2 16 INTERLACE 320X400 4 32 HI-RES 640X400 8 64 OVERSCAN PROGRAM LOADING: SWAP LOAD ALL OK FIGURE 9.21 Choose Screen Format requester at program start up The basic difference is that you need to specify how the program is loaded. Clicking on the Load All button causes the entire DeluxePaint program to load into memory,while clicking on the Swap button causes parts of the DeluxePaint program to load into memory as they are needed leaving more memory available for image data. 193 ABOUT Displays the program's About requester showing the program version number,the author's name,the copyright notice,and extensive information about the amount of available memory and the size of your animation or animbrush. ABOUT DELUXE PAINT VERSION 3.01 CREATED BY DANIEL SILVA (c) 1985-1989 Electronic Arts Memory Chip Fast Available: 257408 / 2171968 Max Block: 255464 / 1632048 Anim Size: 0 Anim Brush Size: 0 OK FIGURE 9.22 The About Box QUIT Exits DeluxePaint 2. BRUSH MENU LOAD Displays the Load Brush requester. This is identical in function to the Load Picture requester,except that you are loading brushes rather than pictures. When you load a brush that has a palette different from that of the current picture,the picture palette remains in place. Nonetheless,the brush palette information is loaded along with the brush;you can change to the brush's palette at any time by choosing Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu. If you wish to revert to the previous palette,use Change Color>Restore Palette option. SAVE Displays the Save Brush requester. This requester is identical in function to the Save Picture requester(see above). Brushes are saved with their palettes, which includes color cycling information. 194 RESTORE Restores your last custom brush if you chose an animbrush,built-in brush,or modified your custom brush using one of the options in the Brush menu. Restore does not reverse the effect of all brush manipulations in the Brush menu. Generally the options that cannot be reversed with restore can be reversed by choosing the option again. For example,Restore does not reverrsed by choosing the option again. For example,Restore does not reverse the Flip>Horiz option, but choosing Flip>Horiz again returns your brush to its previous state. SIZE The Size option lets you resize the current brush. The following secondary menu items are available under the Size option: STRETCH(Keyboard Equivalent:Shift-Z) Lets you stretch your brush in any direction to any size,larger or smaller than the original. To stretch your brush: Choose Size>Stretch from the Brush menu. Hold the left mouse button down and drag the mouse in any direction. Holding down the Shift key constrains the stretch operation so that your brush maintains the same aspect ratio(relative width and height) NOTE Stretching a brush uses up memory;if you try to stretch a brush to a size bigger than the available memory can accommodate,the brush will snap back to its original size. HALVE(Keyboard Equivalent:h) Reduces the size of your brush by 50% in both dimensions. DOUBLE(Keyboard Equivalent: Shift-H) Doubles the size of your brush in both dimensions,for a quadrupling of the total area. DOUBLE HORIZ Doubles the size of your brush in the horizontal dimension. This option is useful for reproportioning images that you created in Lo-Res and then moved to Med-Res. 195 DOUBLE VERT Doubles the size of your brush in the vertical dimension. This option is useful for reprroportioning images that you created in Med-Res and then moved to Lo-Res. FLIP As its name implies,Flip lets you flip a brush about its x- or y-axis. You can perform this operation on animbrushes and all frames of the animated brush will flip. The following secondary menu items are available under the Flip option: HORIZ(Keyboard Equivalent:x) Flips the current brush about the horizontal or x-axis. VERT(Keyboard Equivalent:y) Flips the current brush about the vertical or y-axis. EDGE Modifies a one pixel boundary around the current brush using the current foreground color. Ideal for outlining text. TRIM Deletes a one pixel boundary around the current brush. ROTATE The following secondary menu items are available under the Rotate option: 90 DEGREES(Keyboard Equivalent:z) Rotates the current brush clockwise 90 degrees. 196 ANY ANGLE Lets you rotate the current brush any number of degrees. Choose Rotate>Any Angle from the Brush menu. Hold the left button down and drag the rectangular outline about its bottom left corner. Release the button at the desired orientation. If you select this option more than once,your brush reverts to its original orientation before you rotate it again. SHEAR This option gives you controlled distortion of the current brush. When you choose Shear,the top part of the brush is anchored,and you can drag the bottom of the brush in either direction. CHANGE COLOR Use this option to modify the current brush colors. The following secondary menu items are available under the Change color option: BG->FG Changes all pixels in the brush that are in the current background color into the current foreground color. This provides an easy method of making a global color change--all instances of the background color in the brush are changed to the current foreground color. Because you can select any color in the brush as either the foreground or the background color at any time,you can make intricate color changes easily. This operation affects the brush colors only and does not affect the picture or the order of colors in the palette. BG<->FG Swaps the current background color in the brush with the current foreground. This is similar to the Bg->Fg option above,except that the change occurs in both directions. The change affects the brush colors only and does not affect the picture or the order of colors in the palette. REMAP Use Remap when you load a brush that uses a palette different from the current palette. Remap looks at the colors used in the brush and tries to find the closest fit within the current palette. This option is different from Use 197 Brush Palette in that it does not change the picture palette. Instead it changes the palette locations the brush looks at for its colors. You can perform this operation on animbrushes and all frames of the animated brush will be remapped. CHANGE TRANSPARENCY Lets you change the transparency of the currently selected brush to the current background color. BEND Use this option to bend a brush horizontally or vertically: HORIZ Lets you bend the current brush in a horizontal direction. Choose Bend>Horiz from the Brush menu. With the left mouse button held down, drag the brush outline left or right until it is the desired shape. Release the mouse button. The vertical position of the cursor to the brush determines where the brush bends. VERT Lets you bend the current brush in a vertical direction. Choose Bend>Vertical from the Brush menu. With the left mouse button held down, drag the brush outline left or right until it is the desired shape. Release the mouse button. The horizontal position of the cursor to the brush determines where the brush bends. HANDLE Lets you specify whether the cursor holds a custom brush by its center(the default),by one of its four corners,or by an offset position you define. Use the keyboard commands to change your brush handle when you need to move your cursor without moving the brush. You can move the brush handle with the mouse button down this way. 198 The three options in the submenu are as follows: CENTER(Keyboard Equivalent:Alt-s) Positions the arrow cursor at the center of the brush. CORNER(Keyboard Equivalent:Alt-x and Alt-y) Positions the arrow cursor at one of the four corners of the brush. If you have a custom brush currently held at the center,selecting Corner moves the arrow cursor to the lower right corner of the brush. If Corner is already selected and you select it again,the handle will move clockwise to the next corner position. The location of the arrow cursor the next time you pick up a brush depends on the direction you drag the mouse when you pick up the brush. If you drag down and to the right,the cursor will remain at the lower right. If you drag up and to the left,the cursor will move to the top left. The same principle applies if you drag down and to the left or up and to the right. In other words,the corner you drag to is the one the arrow cursor will attach to. Corner is particularly useful in perspective mode(see Effects menu,below). PLACE(Keyboard Equivalent:Alt-z) Lets you position the brush handle at an arbitrary x,y offset from the brush. To place the handle: Pick up your brush. Choose Handle>Place from the Brush menu. Hold down the mouse button and drag in any direction to offset the cursor from the brush. When you release the mouse button,the curso will hold the brush as you specified. 199 3.MODE The Mode menu contains options for different brush modes. These modes detemine which color or colors in your brush are used when you paint. Note that,with the exception of Shade,none of these modes affect the color used when you paint with the right mouse button. With the exception of Shade mode,the right mouse button always paints using the current background color in Color mode. The following secondary menu items are available under the Mode option: MATTE(Keyboard Equivalent:F1) Uses a custom brush in its original form. Those areas of the brush matching the background color in effect when the brush was first created are transparent. This is the default mode when you create a custom brush using the Brush Selector. COLOR(Keyboard Equivalent:F2) Uses the shape of the brush and fills it with the current foreground color. Those areas of the brush matching the background color in effect when the brush was created remain transparent. REPLC(Keyboard Equivalent:F3) Uses the brush in its original form(i.e.,Matte,see above),except that no colors are transparent. SMEAR(Keyboard Equivalent:F4) With Smear selected,you can smear any colors on the page by dragging a brush over them. This is like smearing a wet watercolor with your fingers,so the bigger the brush,the more pronounced the effect. Smear uses only the colors under the brush,and does not add any new colors. Current brush color is irrelevant. SHADE(Keyboard Equivalent:F5) With Shade selected,you can create subtle shading effects on those colors in your picture that are in a cycle range. Like Smear(above),Shade ignores the current brush color but uses its shape. By dragging the brush over those colors in your picture that are in a currently selected cycle range,you can paint over each color with the next color in the range. You can paint with the next- 200 higher color by using the left mouse button,and the next-lower color by using the right mouse button. "Higher" and "lower" are relative to the color under the brush at the time. If the current foreground color is in a cycle range, Shade has no effect on colors outside that range. If the current foreground color is not in a cycle range,Shade treats the entire palette as a cycle range. (A range is selected if one of its members is selected as the foreground color. A color that is a member of two ranges selects the first of those two ranges.) BLEND(Keyboard Equivalent:F6) Like Smear,above,Blend affects the colors under the brush by running them together. Unlike Smear,however,Blend uses additional shades by averaging the blended colors,whereas Smear uses only the colors under the brush. Thus,when you Blend two shades by painting over them,you are selecting a third shade from the palette,the closest one the program can find to the average of the two original shades. If you select a foreground color outside of a range,Blend only affects those colors on the screen that are within that range. CYCLE(Keyboard Equivalent:F7) Uses the current brush shape and cycles through all the colors in the currently selected range as you draw. A range is selected if one of its members is selected. If a color is a membe of two ranges,selecting it selects the first of those two ranges. If your current brush color is not within a cycle range,it paints with that color only. Use MultiCycle(in the Prefs menu)to achieve the same effect with a multicolored brush,where each color in the brush cycles through its range independently of the others. SMOOTH(Keyboard Equivalent:F8) Reduces the contrast between two adjoining areas. DeluxePaint finds colors in the palette between the two bordering colors and paints the boundary in intermediate shades. Smooth looks at the current palette and finds the colors closest to the ones under the brush. Thus if the palette contains a wide selection of colors close to the ones under the brush(e.g.,the selection of greys in the default palette),it will have more colors to draw from to create its weighted averages. Useful for creating airbrush effects by smoothing out contrasting boundaries,or for eliminating jagged edges. 201 TINT Replaces the hue and saturation of the affected pixels with the current color but leaves the value of the screen pixels unaffected. This option is available only with built-in brushes. HBRITE This mode is only available if you are using 64 colors(Extra Halfbrite mode). When you are in HBrite mode,painting with the left mouse button darkens colors on your painting to their halfbrite equivalent;painting with the right button lightens colors that are halfbrite. This mode is especially useful in pictures with shadow and highlight effects. 4.ANIM MENU LOAD Displays the Load Anim requester. This requester works the same as the Load Picture requester described earlier in this chapter. When you Load an animation,the loaded animation replaces the one currently in memory. When you Append an animation,the appended animation is added to the end of your current animation. It is also possible to load individual pictures into the frames of your animation using the Load Picture requeste. See Load in the Picture menu for information about loading pictures into your animation. If you click the left mouse button as DeluxePaint begins to load your animation,the palette temporarily changes to all greys so that you don't see the animation frames loading. This is useful if you are showing animations on your Amiga and don't want your audience to see the frames before you load them. SAVE Displays the Save Anim requester which is similar to the Save Picture requester described above. This requester works the same as the Save Picture requester described earlier in this chapter. 202 MOVE... Displays the Move requester. Use this requester to define a path along which your brush is painted in 3D,either on a single frame,or while stepping through an animation sequence. To use the Move Requester: Stamp your brush on the screen at the starting position you want. Choose Move from the Anim menu. Enter the Move and Angle settings you want. Set the Count edit field to the number of frames over which you want to animate the brush. Select the Direction of your Move and Record. Select any other settings that apply to your animation. Click Draw to paint the animation with the settings you specified. MOVE X Y Z DIST: 0 0 0 BRUSH ANGLE: 0 0 0 BRUSH CLEAR GO BACK CYCLIC EASE-OUT: O DIRECTION: EASE-IN: O MOVE RECORD COUNT: 10 PREVIEW TRAILS FILL DRAW CANCEL EXIT FIGURE 9.23 The Move requester The Move requester presents the following settings: MOVE:The Move edit fields let you specify the total distance that the brush will move along the X,Y,and Z axes in your animation. You can set the brush to move along the Brush axes or the Screen axes by using the button to the right of the Move edit fields. ANGLE:The Angle edit fields let you specify the total angle,in degrees,that the brush will be rotated about the X,Y,and Z axes. You can set the brush to rotate around the Brush axes or the Screen axes by using the button to the right of the Angle edit fields. The default setting is 203 Brush,in which case the rotation is always based on the brush coordinate system. Note that the brush coordinate system will change during the course of a Move if you are rotating on more than one axis. If you set this option to Screen(non-Brush),any angle rotation takes place along the current axes of the screen coordinate system. The "Screen" rotation system is an Euler(pronounced oiler)system and the order of rotation is always X,Y,and Z. When you rotate on more than one angle,or when the brush has been rotated previously,the rotations produced by the Screen angle system are not always around the azes that are used for the Distance moves along the Screen azes. Generally it is best to think of the Screen angle rotations as "non-Brush" rather than Screen. NOTE All rotations occur around the brush handle. If you want your brush to appear as though it is orbiting around a point away from the brush,you would want to offset the handle from the brush. BRUSH:Use these buttons to select whether the Dist and Angle movements are relative to the brush's coordinate system(on)or to the screen coordinate system (off). EASE-OUT:Use this edit field to set the number of frames over which you want the brush motion to gradually accelerate. EASE-IN:Use this edit field to set the number of frames over which you want the brush motion to gradually decelerate. COUNT:Use this edit field to set the number of times the brush is painted to complete the total movement and rotation as specified by the move and angle edit fields. CLEAR:Click this button to zero out all of the Move and Angle numbers. GO BACK:Click this button to restore the starting position of the brush for the next movement to the last place you manually clicked it down. CYCLIC:Turn this button on if you are creating an animation that is cyclic(that is,one that starts and ends at the same position.) For example,if you have 10 frames,and you want a brush to rotate 360 degrees over the 10 frames to make it look as though it is spinning when you play the 204 play the animation,you would turn Cyclic on. DeluxePaint III would calculate the rotation to end on the 1th frame(which in this case would be the 1st frame). The result is that the brush is not rotated to a full 360 degrees on Frame 10. Instead,the brush reaches 360 degrees on Frame 1. DeluxePaint doesn't paint the brush on the last frame,since it's position would normally be the same as your original frame,but it does move forward to that frame and positions the brush in the event that you want to click it down. DIRECTION:The buttons in the Direction area of the requester control the direction of your move and the order in which the frames of the animation are painted. MOVE lets you choose to have a move drawn in one of two ways: GO FROM starts the movement of the bush from the point where you stamped your brush(indicated by the large dot)and paints forward. COME TO starts the animation at an earlier frame and moves the brush forward to the point where you stamped your brush. RECORD lets you choose the order in which the frames of the brush move are painted. These buttons are available only if you have more than one animation frame. FORWARD paints the move by stepping forward from the point where you stamped your brush. This is the default setting and the one you will use most often. IN PLACE paints all of the move on the current frame. BACKWARD paints the move in reverse order by advancing to the last frame and painting backwards. This option is useful when you are using the Trails button. PREVIEW:Click this button to view the move you have set up in "wire-frame" mode. When the preview is complete,or when you hit the space bar to stop it, you are returned to the Move requester. TRAILS:This button is available only if you have more than one animation frame allocated. Clicking this button is like clicking on the Draw button except on each frame you get the sum total of all of the draws up to this point. The net effect is that of leaving "trails" of the brush of as ut moves. 205 FILL:This button works like draw,except that when you click it,the move you specified is used to draw a filled perspective plane based on the rotation of the current brush. DRAW:Click this button to execute the move that you have specified,causing the brush to be drawn into animation sequence. CANCEL:Click on this button to restore any settings that have been changed and exit this requester. EXIT:Click on this button to exit the requester and keep all of the settings that you have entered. FRAMES This option presents a submenu of options for manipulating the frames in your animation. The following options are available under the Frames submenu: ADD FRAME Adds an animation frame after the current frame,copies the contents of the current frame to it,and makes this new frame the current one. SET #.. Displays the Set Frame Count requester. DeluxePaint will try to allocate as many frames as are requested. If there is not enough memory to allocate the requested number of frames,DeluxePaint will allocate as many as memory will allow. This requester works as though you chose Add Frame or Delete Frame several times. This means that you can add several frames to the middle of your animation by stepping to the frame you want to add frames after and changing the number of frames you want to add. You can delete several frames from any point in your animation by stepping to the first frame you want to delete and changing the number of frames to the current count minus the number of frames you want to delete. For example,if you have 100 frames and you want to delete frames 41 to 50,step to frame 41 and set the number of frames to 90. 206 SET FRAME COUNT COUNT: 0 CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.24 Set Frame Count requester COPY TO ALL Copies the picture in the current frame to all of the animation frames. DELETE FRAME Deletes the current frame and makes the following frame the current frame unless you are already at the last frame. To delete frames at the end of the animation sequence,position to the last frame and then execute Delete frame as many times as the number of frames you want to discard. DELETE ALL Deletes all of the animation frames. CONTROL The Control option displays a submenu of options for moving around in your animation frames and for playing the animation. The following options are available under the Control submenu: SET RATE.. This option displays the Set frames per second requester. You can set the initial frames-per-second rate by entering a number in the edit field and clicking OK. If you use the left and right arrow(cursor)keys to slow down or speed up the play of your animation,the number in this requester also changes. SET RANGE.. Displays the Set Play Range requester. You can set the play range to play any range of frames in your animation or to play all frames in your animation. Note that the From number in your range must be smaller than the to number for the range to play correctly. The range setting is used by the Play Once and Ping 207 Pong options in the Control submenu,but Play is not affected. This option is especially useful if you are editing a small section of a large animation. You can edit the frames and play only the frames you are editing to see your changes. PREVIOUS Steps the current frame to the previous frame in the animation sequence. If the current frame is the first frame,the position is set to the last frame. NEXT FRAME Steps the current frame to the next frame in the animation sequence. If the current frame is the last frame,the position is set to the first frame. GO TO.. Displays the Go to Frame requester. This requester lets you position the current frame to any of the available animation frames. GO TO FRAME NUMBER: 1 CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.25 The Go to Frame requester PLAY Plays the animation. The animation sequence will continue cycling until the space bar is pressed.(You can reverse the direction of playback by pressing r on the keyboard while the animation is playing.) PLAY ONCE Plays the animation sequence once through from Frame 1 to the last frame. PING-PONG Plays the animation sequence continuously as in Play above,but plays the sequence forward then backward then forward and so on. 208 ANIMBRUSH An animbrush is a special type of brush that has more than one frame associated with it. The following options are available under the Animbrush submenu: LOAD.. Displays the Load Animbrush requester. This requester is identical in function to the Load Picture or Load Brush requester described earlier in this chapter, except that you are loading an animbrush. See,Load in the Picture and Brush menus. When you load an animbrush that has a palette different from that of the current picture,the picture palette remains in place. Nonetheless,the brush palette information is loaded along with the brush;you can change to the brush's palette at any time by choosing Change Color>Use Brush Palette from the Picture menu. SAVE.. Displays the Save Animbrush requester. This requester is identical in function to the Save Brush requester described earlier in this chapter. PICK UP Selecting this menu option is the same as selecting the rectangular brush capture tool except the animbrush you capture will have as many "frames" as the current number of frames in the animation sequence. When you paint with an animbrush,the brush cycles through its frames automatically as you paint. The brush will continuously cycle on the current animation frame unless you hold down the left Amiga key(the Commodore key on Amiga 500 and 2000)when you press the mouse button down,in which case the brush will paint each of its frames separately into each of the animation sequence frames. You can use an animbrush with any painting tool,just as you would use any custom brush. SETTINGS.. This menu option displays the Animbrush Settings requester. You use this requester to control the animbrush. 209 NUMBER OF CELS shows you how many cels of animation are in your animbrush. DURATION lets you set the number of frames it takes the animbrush to move completely through its cels. You can also think of this as the rate at which the animbrush transforms. For example,if your brush has 10 cels and you set duration to 20,your brush will stamp each of its cels twice before flipping to the next cel. CURRENT lets you type in the value for the brush cel you want to start with. This is very useful if you want to continue painting from a particular cel of your brush. You can also step backward and forward though the cels of your animbrush by using the 7 and 8 keys along the top of the keyboard. Shift-7 steps to the first cel,and Shift-8 steps you to the last cel. DIRECTION gives you options of flipping forward,flipping backward,or ping- ponging through the cels of your animbrush as you paint. USE Make the last Animbrush "picked up" the current brush. This allows you to pick up an animbrush,then pick up a regular brush,and then return to your animbrush. You can also restore your animbrush by clicking the Brush Selector with the right mouse button;this toggles between your standard custom brush and your animbrush. FREE Releases the memory used by the current Animbrush. Note that you cannot get the brush back once you free it!(If at any time you think you are low on memory, before you throw away brushes or frames,press Ctrl-a;this displays a requester with information about available memory.) METHOD The following two submenu options of the Method menu are used to specify the "memory model" of the animation sequence frames. 210 COMPRESSED The Compressed Method,while a little more complex than the Expanded Method, offers the advantage of permitting many more animation frames in memory at one time. The compressed memory model only needs enough memory to store the differences between frames. While this model allows for more frames,it has a couple of disadvantages:it is slower than the expanded methode while animpinting,loading and saving are slower,and memory tends to fragment,makeing it easy to run out of memory. EXPANDED The Expanded Method represents the simplest of the two memory models where all of the memory for each animation frame is allocated. If you are in low resolution mode,320x200,and you have 10 animation frames,then you would need enough memory to hold 10 complete 320x200 images. Two advantages of this method are that the frame flipping for animpainting is very smooth,and you will not run out of memory to add an element to your animation within the allocated frames. 5.EFFECT MENU The Effect menu lets you create stencils,"freeze"the background,and define planes for the purposes of perspective drawing. STENCIL You create a stencil of an image by "locking" the colors that comprise that image. This allows you tp paint around the image without painting on it,as though it were protected by a stencil or frisket. Additionally,a stencil will apply to the brush when it is captured. Whatever colors in the brush which were locked when the stencil was made become transparent in the brush. MAKE..(Keyboard Equivalent:~,directly below the ESC key) This displays the Make Stencil requester. You can reposition the requester anywhere on the sceen by dragging it by the bar at its top. To make a stencil: 211 Click the colors to use in creating the stencil with the left mouse button. You can select colors by clicking in the palette display in the requester or by clicking the colors on-screen(including the onscreen palette). When you have clicked all the colors you want to protect,click Make. The colors you select define a mask that protects an area from being painted. The shape of the stencil is what is created and saved,not the color information,which means you can change the colors of a "stenciled" shape,and still retain the stencil. If you have several animation frames,DeluxePaint automatically remakes the stencil as you move from one frame to the next,either manually or while using the Move requester. CLEAR clears the current color selections in the requester. INVERT inverts the current color selections. This is useful if you want to mask more colors than you want to leave unmasked. When you have a stencil active,an "S" appears in the Menu Bar. MAKE STENCIL LOCKED: CLEAR INVERT MAKE CANCEL FIGURE 9.26 Make Stencil requester REMAKE When you have a stencil active and you apply colors to your picture,the colors you apply are not protected,even though they may be locked in the Make Stencil requester. You can lock newly-applied colors by bringing up the Make Stencil requester and clicking Make,or by selecting Remake from the Stencil submenu. 212 NOTE If you have several animation frames and you make a stencil,DeluxePaint automatically remakes the stencil as you move from one screen to the next. LOCK FG The Make Stencil requester lets you create stencils based on colors in the palette. By locking a color,you make it impossible to paint on that color, wherever it may be on the page. By using a combination of Fix Background(see below)and Lock FG,however,you can define a stencil by area rather than color. When you select Lock FG,you define as a stencil those areas on the page that you have painted since fixing the background,regardless of the color of those areas. REVERSE Has the same effect as clicking Invert in the Make Stencil requester(see Make, above). ON/OFF(Keyboard Equivalent:`,directly below the ESC key) Toggles the stencil on and off. This maintains the stencil but turns it off temporarily so you can paint on the protected colors. FREE Creating a stencil uses memory,even though you may have it turned off(see On/Off,above). Free deletes the stencil and deallocates the memory it was using. LOAD.. Stencils can be loaded as separate items. They are full screen only,and can be loaded only to the position they occupied when they were created. In other words,you cannot create a page larger than screen size and load the stencil into the middle of the page. The Load requester is identical to all other Load requesters(see Load in the Picture menu,earlier in this chapter). SAVE.. You can save stencils just as you can any other file,such as pictures or brushes. The Save requester for stencils is identical to those for other types of files(see Save in the Picture menu,earlier in this chapter). 213 BACKGROUND FIX Fixes the background by "locking" the current picture,while allowing you to draw on top of it. You can erase any paint you have applied since fixing the background by clicking CLR or by painting with the right button,without fear of losing any of the background. Fixing the background uses additional memory. Note that when the background is fixed you cannot pick up any colors from that background. FREE This "unlocks" the background,so that clicking CLR will clear the entire picture. It also frees up the memory that was allocated to saving the background. PERSPECTIVE The Perspective submenu contains options for manipulating a brush in three dimensions. The following is a summary of the Perspective submenu: DO(Keyboard Equivalent:Enter) Puts you into perspective mode. Your brush is represented by a four-cell matrix which you can manipulate through keypad commands(listed later in this section). The amount of rotation for each of the three axes x,y,and z is given in degrees at the right-hand side of the menu bar. The center of perspective(ss Center, below)is indicated by a cross-hair. You can paint an image of the rotated brush at any time by clicking the left mouse button. TO EXIT PERSPECTIVE MODE,click one of the drawing tools,such as the continuous or dotted line tool. FILLSCREEN(Keyboard Equivalent:Keypad Minus) Fills the screen with the current brush,in its current state of rotation in 3D. The entire brush size(not just the opaque part)is the default size for the Perspective Fill pattern. 214 RESET(Keyboard Equivalent:Keypad 0) Resets the brush to its original state before rotation,and returns all of the settings in the Perspective Settings requester to their defaults(see Settings, below). CENTER(Keyboard Equivalent:Keypad.Period) Allows you to set the perspective center of horizon in your perspective "landscape." When you select Center,your cursor changes into a large cross-hair. The smaller,stationary cross-hair on the screen indicates the existing center. Move the large cross-hair to the new center you want and click either mouse button. Once you have set the perspective center,the position of the unrotated brush relative to that center determines the position of the perspective plane when you rotate the brush. The greater the distance above or below perspecitve center,the less pronounced the perspective effect. SETTINGS Displays the Persepective requester. When you are in Perspective mode,you can also display this requester by clicking the Grid tool with the right mouse button. PERSEPECTIVE X Y Z GRID: 32 32 32 FROM BRUSH ANGLE STEP: 90 TYPE: SCREEN BRUSH ANTI-ALIAS: NONE LOW HIGH DISPLAY: ANGLE POS CANCEL OK FIGURE 9.27 Perspective requester 215 The following options are available: GRID:You can use these edit fields to set the dimensions for a grid in three- dimensional space. When you first open the requester,the numbers in these fields correspond to the dimensions of your brush;the Z dimension automatically takes the same value as the Y dimension. It is important to remember that the entire brush size(not just the opaque part)is the default size for Perspective Grid and Perspective Fill. FROM BRUSH Clicking this button sets the X and Y grid values to correspond to the width and height of the brush. This is the quickest way to restore the perspective grid settings to the same dimensions as your brush without affecting any other settings. ANGLE STEP specifies the rotation increment used in conjunction with the Shift key and the appropriate keyboard rotation key(see Perspective Rotations,later in this section). This value defaults to 90. SCREEN,the default mode,uses the screen coordinate system when rotating the brush on the x,y,and z axes.(If you are familiar with coordinate systems,you will know this coordinate system as the Euler method,which measures all three angles of rotation from absolute zero.) BRUSH,rotates the brush relative to the current brush coordinate system. ANTI-ALIAS:Anti-aliasing smooths the jagged lines in a brush that result from rotating or shrinking it in Perspective mode. You'll get better perspective anti-aliasing if the palette contains colors in-between(as orange is between red and yellow)those at the edges beging anti-aliased. NONE,LOW and HIGH set the level of anti-aliasing used on your brush when you paint in Perspective mode. None is the default setting and applies no anti-aliasing. Low lets you eliminate some of the jagged outline on your perspective brush. The cost of removing jagged lines is painting spped,but it is still faster than smoothing out an image by hand. To use anti-aliasing,select either Low or High(see below)before you lay down the brush image. Anti-aliasing is most effective when you have reduced the size of your original brush(for example,by moving it back along the z-axis). Anti-aliasing in the High setting can be very slow if your brush or fill area is large. 216 DISPLAY:The ANGLE and POS buttons lets you choose whether the menu bar displays the angles of rotation or the position of the brush in three dimensional space. Note that if you have Coords in the Prefs menu turned on,the menu bar shows two dimensional coordinates;be sure to turn Coords off if you want to see three dimensional coordinates. PERSPECTIVE ROTATIONS All perspective rotations are controlled through the keypad on your keyboard. -1 +1 RESET X ROTATIONS 7 8 9 Y ROTATIONS 4 5 6 Z ROTATIONS 1 2 3 RESET ALL ROTATIONS 0 PLACE CENTER . FILL SCREEN - FIGURE 9.28 Perspective rotation and settings using the keypad -ANGLE +ANGLE FIX STEP STEP AXIS X ROTATIONS 7 8 9 Y ROTATIONS 4 5 6 Z ROTATIONS 1 2 3 REST ALL ROTATIONS 0 PLACE CENTER . FILL SCREEN - FIGURE 9.29 Perspective rotation and settings using Shift with the keypad 217 Pressing Keypad 0 resets all three axes to zero and fixes the z-axis(see below),but retains the apparent distance settings. Pressing Keypad 0 in conjunction with the Shift key resets all perspective values to the default (boot-up)state,including resetting the perspective center. OTHER PERSPECTIVE KEYBOARD COMMANDS Ctrl temporarily fixes the Y axis so that you can move the brush forward or backward in 3D space by moving the mouse forward or backward. The; and ' keys move the brush plane forward or back along its fixed axis(see below)without changing its orientation,moving it in a direction perpendicular to the brush plane. This is the same effect described in the above discussion on brush position prior to rotation. Thus,with the z-axis fixed,brush position relative to the perspective center at the moment of rotation determines the brush's distance above or below eye level. You can achieve the same effect after the brush is rotated by using the ; and ' keys move it forward or back along its z-axis. Pressing these keys with the Shift key held down results in larger increments of movement. In addition,you can modify the apparent distance from the observer by pressing the < and > keys(i.e.,the Shifted "," and "." keys). Thus,when the apparent distance is great,the perspective foreshortening is at a minimum,becoming greater as apparent distance decreases. FIXING AXES:Whenever you start in perspective mode,the z-axis(the one perpendicular to the screen)is "fixed,"that is,the mouse does not move the brush through that axis. You can selectively fix any axis,as follows: To fix the x-axis,press Shift-Keypad 9 To fix the y-axis,press Shift-Keypad 6 To fix the z-axis,press Shift-Keypad 3 As noted above,you can move along the axis that is currently fixed by using the Shifted or un-Shifted ; and ' keys(use the Shifted keys for larger increments). You can also temporarily fix the Y axis by holding down the Ctrl key. 218 6.PREFS MENU The Prefs menu contains a list of options that you can turn on or off to suit your working habits. When you choose one of these options,a star appears to the left of the option to indicate that it is on. Choosing the option again turns the option off and removes the star. When you start DeluxePaint for the first time,only the AutoGrid option is on. CUSTOMIZING YOUR PREFS MENU If you want,you can customize your working copy of the DeluxePaint program to start with the preference settings set the way you like them. For example,you might like to have Coords turned on automatically when you start the program. To customize the preferences,you use the Tool Types feature of Info in the Amiga Workbench. Here's how: Boot your Amiga. Insert your working copy of the program disk. Select the DeluxePaint program icon. Choose Info from the Workbench menu. The above steps produce the Info requester. In the bottom half of this requester you'll see a field for Tool Types with arrows for scrolling and ADD or DEL buttons. To turn a preference option on: Click the ADD button. Type the name of the preference you want to turn on.(Type it exactly as it appears in the Prefs menu.)Press Return. To turn a preference option off,display that preference name in the edit field by clicking the up or down arrow to the left and click DEL. To exit the Info requester and save your changes,click Save in the lower left corner of the requester. COORDS(Keyboard Equivalent: |,directly below the F10 key) This option turns on the coordinate display in the upper right-hand portion of the Menu Bar. Moving the mouse without holding a button down displays the current position of the cursor,with the origin(0,0)set to the upper left-hand corner of the screen. Pressing and holding down either mouse button temporarily 219 resets the origin to the current cursor position and displays the displacement value from that temporary origin as you move around the screen. The readout is scaled in pixels. FAST FB Fast feedback. Use this when working with large or complicated brushes while using the line or unfilled shape tools. Fast FB lets you draw your lines or shapes using the smallest(one-pixel)brush for feedback,and then completes the design using the currently selected brush. This increases response speed while you are drawing,but does not affect the final image. Toggle Fast FB off by selecting it a second time. MULTICYCLE Use this in conjunction with the Cycle paint mode in the Mode menu(see above). When MultiCycle is turned off(the default state),using the Cycle paint mode with a multicolored brush treats the brush as though it were a single color(the current foreground color). With MultiCycle turned on,painting with a multicolored brush in Cycle mode cycles each color in the brush,provided the color is in a cycle range. BE SQUARE Because the Amiga's pixels are not perfectly square,circles and squares drawn with the shape tools are not perfectly round or square. If you wish to draw "true" circles or squares,select Be Square from the Prefs menu. This will square all the built-in brushes,the appropriate shape tools,and symmetry. Be Square does not square gridding or perspective,and should be turned off in those modes. WORKBENCH Toggles the workbench off and on. EXCLBRUSH If you pick up a brush with Excl Brush(and the Grid)selected,you will exclude a one-pixel border on the right and bottom edges of your brush(see Figure 9.30). This is useful if your brush has a colored border around it and you want to 220 use the brush to create a pattern fill or perspective fill(using the Fill Type requester). When DeluxePaint creates your pattern,the border will be unifom throughout instead of being twice as wide where one copy of the brush is placed next to another. NOTE Excl Brush has no effect on brush pick-up when the Grid is off. FIGURE 9.30 An example of using ExclBrush AUTOTRANSP Modifies the brush pickup so that it automatically determines the transparent color by looking at the corners of the capture rectangle or the points of the polygon to see if they are the same color. If the four corners are the same color,that color becomes the transparent color,otherwise the current background color remains the transparent color. NO ICONS When NoIcons is on,your files are saved with the icon "info" files. This option is useful if you don't ever expect to launch an application by double-clicking on a picture file. Saving without the icons is a good way to save space on your disk. 221 AUTOGRID When AutoGrid is on,the perspective grid is automatically resized to match your custom brush when you load or pick up a custom brush. This is the same as if you had clicked From Brush in the Perspective requester. When AutoGrid is off,the perspective grid is not automatically resized. Note that this option affects only the grid in Perspective,not the standard grid. 7.USER FEEDBACK IN MENU BAR PAINTING MODE:Displays the current painting mode(Matte,Color,Replc,Smear,Shade, Blend,Cycle,Smooth)at the center of the Menu Bar. See Mode menu,above,for information on painting modes. COLOR FILL BOX:This box(to the right of center on the Menu Bar)displays the currently selected fill pattern,or perspective fill or gradient you will get when you fill a shape. The Color Fill Box is absent it fill mode is set to normal. See discussion under Fill tool,below,for more information on the Fill Type requester. S:This notation appears to the right of center on the Menu Bar when a stencil is active. B:This notation appears to the right of center on the Menu Bar when the background is fixed. AXIS ROTATION:When you are in Perspective mode,the amount of rotation about each axis(x,y,and z,respectively)appears at the top right of the Menu Bar. COORDINATES:When Coords(Prefs menu)is selected,the coordinates of the cursor position are displayed at the top right of the Menu Bar. See Coords,above. The coordinates are superseded by the Axis Rotation information when in Perspective mode. MEMORY AVAILABILITY:Press CTRL and a at the same time for the following information,reading left to right:Fast memory/Chip memory. See Appendix A for information on DeluxePaint's memory usage. 222 PAGES 223 & 244 ARE BLANK APPENDIX A: MEMORY MANAGEMENT If you're running DeluxePaint III on a machine with 1 megabyte of RAM,282K is allocated to the program and 100K to Intuition,leaving about 600K free. But this doesn't take account of the memory required to create the display,so you'll generally have a little less memory available as your work. For example, the default screen format(320x200 by 32 color display)uses 40K of memory,which leaves you with about 560K to work with. In addition,each external disk drive uses an extra 20K. You can measure available memory by selecting About from the Picture menu(or by pressing CTRL a)any time you need a memory check. DeluxePaint will warn you when you have insufficient memory to accomplish a task,or when you run the risk of losing data. Memory shortage can manifest itself in various ways. For example,if you are at the limits of available memory and you select a large brush,DeluxePaint conserves memory by displaying just the outline of the brush,rather than the brush itself. When you paint with the brush the image will appear on the screen in the normal fashion,even though it may not be visible as you move the brush around the screen. When this happens,consider it a sign that available memory is low. In that case,you should take some action to reallocate memory(for example,by deleting the spare page or by removing any stencils,see below),or at least to save your current image or animation to disk. Here are some of the ways DeluxePaint III consumes memory: Increasing the amount of change in an animation after you've allocated frames for animation(see below for further discussion). Creating and holding a large brush. When you see just the outline of the brush this is a sign that you are near the edge of your memory limits. Creating and holding a large Animbrush. When your spare page is active it uses up as much memory as the first page even if you cleared the image from it. You can regain the memory used by the spare page(40K or more)by selecting Delete This Page,while viewing the spare page, from the Picture Menu. You use memory by leaving the WorkBench open while you work DeluxePaint. The WorkBench can be opened and closed through the Prefs menu. 225 Creating a stencil uses up one bit plane. The exact amount of memory used depends on the screen format and page size you've selected. Fixing the background has a much larger overhead,similar to that required by a spaae page. Other things that require memory are loading the disk directory,loading the system fonts,and creating a fill pattern from a brush. ANIMATION AND MEMORY MANAGEMENT You've probably discovered that animation requires a lot of memory. And the two animation modes,expanded and compressed,have different memory requirements. The expanded mode of animation requires that there be enough memory to duplicate the entire screen for every frame. So if you are in 320x200 32 colors,which takes 40K per screen,you'll need 800K to get 20 frames. Memory requirements for animation in the compressed mode is based on the difference between each animation frame. The more a frame is different from the one before it,the more memory will be needed to store it in memory and on the disk. The frame that requires the minimm amount of memory is simply a copy of the frame before it. The maximum amount of memory is required when every pixel in a frame is a different color than in the frame before it. It's possible to set the number of frames to a large number and then,in the course of painting on the different frames,run out of memory. What is happening is that you are increasing the amount that the frames differ from each other. When this happens you'll see a message that explains that you don't have enough memory to save the changes you're making. 226 WHAT TO DO WHEN YOU RUN OUT OF MEMORY Eventually everyone gets in a situation when they run out of memory. The first thing you should do when you get messages saying "Not enough memory" is to save your work. The following is a list of things you can do to get a little more memory to finish your work. Close the Workbench. Delete your Spare page. Delete your custom brush by selecting a very small custom brush. Free your Animbrush through the Free command in the animbrush sub menu. Free the Stencil. Delete some frames if you have an animation. Reduce your Page Size if it is larger than the screen. NOTE If you receive the System Message "Not enough memory for requested page size" when you try to change the DeluxePaint III screen format from Hi-Res,16 colors to Hi-Res,16 colors,Overscan,you may be experiencing memory fragmentation. To solve this problem,either reset the screen format from the Picture menu(use the option Screen Format and click OK when you've set the Choose Screen Format requester),or quit the program and restart DeluxePaint III in Hi-Res,16 colors,Overscan mode. 227 PAGE 228 IS BLANK BRUSH COMMANDS F1 MATTE F2 COLOR F3 REPLC F4 SMEAR F5 SHADE F6 BLEND F7 CYCLE F8 SMOOTH - BRUSH SMALLER =,+ BRUSH LARGER Z STRETCH h HALVE H DOUBLE x FLIP HORIZONTAL y FLIP VERTICAL X DOUBLE HORIZONTAL Y DOUBLE VERTICAL ALT-s CENTER BRUSH HANDLE ALT-x FLIP BRUSH HANDLE HORIZONTAL ALT-y FLIP BRUSH HANDLE VERTICAL ALT-z PLACE BRUSH HANDLE 229 TOOLBOX COMMANDS b BRUSH SELECTOR B RESTORE LAST CUSTOM BRUSH/ANIM BRUSH c UNFILLED CIRCLE C FILLED CIRCLE ALT-C FILLED AND OUTLINED CIRCLE d CONTINUOUS FREEHAND D FILLED FREEHAND e UNFILLED ELLIPSE E FILLED ELLIPSE f FILL F FILL REQUESTER g GRID ON/OFF G GRID ON/OFF USING CURRENT BRUSH HANDLE POSITION AS A GRID POINT K CLR(CLEAR SCREEN) m MAGNIFY ON/OFF p COLOR PALETTE REQUESTER q CURVE r UNFILLED RECTANGLE R FILLED RECTANGLE ALT-R FILLED AND OUTLINED RECTANGLE s DOTTED FREEHAND t TEXT u UNDO v STRAIGHT LINE > INCREASE MAGNIFICATION < DECREASE MAGNIFICATION , PICK COLOR CURSOR . ONE-PIXEL BRUSH,DOTTED LINE [,] CHANGE FOREGROUND COLOR {,} CHANGE BACKGROUND COLOR / TOGGLE SYMMETRY ON/OFF 230 SPECIAL KEYS ? DISPLAY ABOUT/MEMORY INFO BOX DELETE CURSORR ARROW ON/OFF F9 MENU BAR ON/OFF F10 TOOLBOX & MENU BAR ON/OFF RIGHT ALT-AMIGA RIGHT MOUSE BUTTON LEFT ALT-AMIGA LEFT MOUSE BUTTON CURSOR KEYS SCROLL PAGE(EXCEPT IN TEXT MODE) CTRL CURSOR KEYS ADJUST SCREEN POSITION n CENTERS AREA UNDER THE CURSOR SHIFT CONSTRAIN CURSOR CTRL LEAVE TRACES WITH LINE OR SHAPE TOOLS CTRL a MEMORY CHECK TAB COLOR CYCLE ON/OFF S SHOW PAGE ~(TILDE) MAKE STENCIL '(GRAVE) STENCIL ON/OFF a AGAIN KEY - REPEATS LAST MENU COMMAND | COORDS ON/OFF SPACEBAR CANCEL OPERATION IN PROGRESS ESC STOP OPERATION IN PROGRESS j SPARE PAGE J COPY TO SPARE 231 PERSPECTIVE KEYBOARD COMMANDS ENTER: ENTER PERSPECTIVE MODE KEYPAD 7 AND 8: ROTATE ABOUT THE X-AXIS SHIFT KEYPAD 7 AND 8: ROTATE X-AXIS BY ANGLE STEP KEYPAD 9: RESET X-AXIS TO 0 KEYPAD 4 AND 5: ROTATE ABOUT THE Y-AXIS SHIFT KEYPAD 4 AND 5: ROTATE Y-AXIS BY ANGLE STEP KEYPAD 6: RESET Y-AXIS TO 0 KEYPAD 1 AND 2: ROTATE ABOUT THE Z-AXIS SHIFT KEYPAD 1 AND 2: ROTATE Z-AXIS BY ANGLE STEP KEYPAD 3: RESET Z-AXIS TO 0 KEYPAD 0: RESET ALL AXES TO 0 SHIFT KEYPAD 0: RESET ALL AXES,POSITIONS,AND SETTINGS SHIFT KEYPAD 9: FIX X-AXIS SHIFT KEYPAD 6: FIX Y-AXIS SHIFT KEYPAD 3: FIX Z-AXIS KEYPAD "-"(MINUS): FILL THE SCREEN WITH THE CURRENT BRUSH AT THE CURRENT PERSPECTIVE KEYPAD "."(PERIOD): RESET CENTER ; AND ' KEYS: MOVES THE BRUSH ALONG ITS FIXED AXIS IN A DIRECTION PERPENDICULAR TO ITS PLANE SHIFT ; AND ' KEYS (: AND "): SAME AS ; AND ' KEYS BUT WITH GREATER INCREMENT <(SHIFT,)AND>(SHIFT.): MODIFY OBSERVER DISTANCE FROM SCREEN CTRL TEMPORARILY FIXES THE Y-AXIS SO YOU CAN MOVE YOUR BRUSH ON THE X AND Z COORDINATES \ TOGGLE ANGLE/POSITION DISPLAY 232 ANIMATION KEYS 1 STEP TO PREVIOUS FRAME 2 STEP TO NEXT FRAME 3 DISPLAY THE GO TO FRAME REQUESTER TO JUMP DIRECTLY TO A SPECIFIC FRAME 4 PLAY ANIMATION CONTINUOUSLY UNTIL SPACEBAR OR MOUSE BUTTON IS PRESSED 5 PLAY ANIMATION ONCE 6 PLAY ANIMATION IN PING-PONG MODE 7 STEP TO PREVIOUS ANIMBRUSH CEL 8 STEP TO NEXT ANIMBRUSH CEL SHIFT1 GO TO FIRST FRAME SHIFT2 GO TO LAST FRAME SHIFT3 GO TO LAST FRAME YOU DID A "GO TO" TO SHIFT4 PLAY ANIMATION CONTINUOUSLY IN REVERSE DIRECTION SHIFT5 PLAY ANIMATION SEQUENCE ONCE IN REVERSE DIRECTION SHIFT7 GO TO FIRST ANIMBRUSH CEL SHIFT8 GO TO LAST ANIMBRUSH CEL SPACEBAR STOP THE CURRENTLY PLAYING ANIMATION SEQUENCE r REVERSES ANIMATION SEQUENCE WHILE PLAYING LEFT AMIGA HELD DOWN WHILE PAINTING,TURNS ON ANIMPAINTING MODE LEFT ARROW SLOWS DOWN ANIMATION WHILE PLAYING RIGHT ARROW SPEEDS UP ANIMATION WHILE PLAYING 233 PAGE 234 IS BLANK APPENDIX C: THE PLAYER UTILITY The Player utility on the Animation disk lets you play the animations you created with DeluxePaint III. You can boot the utility from the Workbench or use CLI arguments to start the Player. From the Workbench,open the Animation disk and click on the Play icon. This loads the program in the default screen format(lo-ress,320x200,with 32 colors). The screen is black and the menu bar is not displayed. To see the program's single menu,move the pointer to the upper left part of the screen and press down on the right mouse button. Animation appears in the menu bar,and the menu bar,and the menu options,Load,Play,About,and Quit appear below the title. You're now in the "interactive" mode. Choose Load and when the Load Anim requester appears,specify which drive you want to make active (df1: or df0:) and then load a picture or anim from the directory of the drive you chose. When you click Load in the requester Play to play a picture or anim you've already loaded,just as you would in DeluxePaint III. After you've loaded an animation in memory,the Load Anim requester looks a little different when you choose Load again. The Append button appears in the requester. Click Append only if you want to add the picture or animation you're currently loading to the back end of the animation that's already in memory. You can use the same keyboard commands you've used in DeluxePaint III while you view your animation. KEY EFFECT TAB TURNS COLOR CYCLING ON/OFF LEFT ARROW SLOWS DOWN PLAY RATE RIGHT ARROW SPEEDS UP PLAY RATE r REVESES PLAY DIRECTION ESC OR SPACE BAR STOPS PLAYS 1 GO TO PREVIOUS FRAME 2 GO TO NEXT FRAME 4 PLAY THE ANIMATION 5 PLAY ONCE 6 PLAY PING-PONG 235 To use Player from the CLI,open the CLI from the Workbench. On the command line type PLAY,space bar,and the filename of the picture or anim you want to load. If you want to show the anim for a certain number of seconds,press the space bar and type that number after the filename. If you would like to indicate that the number is a loop count instead of time in seconds,press the space bar again and type "loops". You're now ready to issue play commands for your animation(or you can press Return right now and your animation will play and take you back to the CLI when it's finished). NOTE If you type an @ before the filename in the first line,the following text string is the name of a script file from which commands are read. Script files are ASCII text files created with a text editor such as ED or MEMACS,both of which are included with Workbench 1.3. Play Commands from CLI: COMMAND MEANING PLAY RUN THE INTERACTIVE PLAYER PLAY PICT_OR_ANIM LOAD PICT_OR_ANIM,INTERACTIVE PLAY PICT_OR_ANIM 10 LOAD PICT_OR_ANIM:SHOW FOR 10 SECONDS,THEN EXIT PLAY FOO 20 SECONDS LOAD FOO:SHOW FOR 20 SECONDS,THEN EXIT PLAY ANIM 20 LOOPS LOAD ANIM:PLAY 20 LOOPS,THEN EXIT PLAY @TEST READ COMMANDS FROM SCRIPT FILE "TEST" The script commands,one per line,are similar to the CLI commands except that the word "play" is ommitted. COMMAND MEANING PICT_OR_ANIM 5 DISPLAY PICT_OR_ANIM FOR 5 SECONDS ANIM 10 LOOPS DISPLAY ANIM FOR 10 LOOPS ANIM PLAY ANIM UNTIL USER HITS KEY PICT DISPLAY PICT UNTIL USER HITS KEY 236 If you hit the Space bar or click the left mouse button while a picture or anim is running,the program will move to the next command,even if the specified play-time has not elapsed. File names with blanks must be enclosed in quotation("")marks. A command line starting with a ;(semicolon)is skipped. 237 PAGE 238 IS BLANK INDEX A About DeluxePaint 9,194 Active line 30 Add Frame 206 Aibrush tool 31,168 modify 59 Anchor point 31-32 Angle step 73,216 Anim menu 202-211 Animbrush 209-210 Control 207-208 Frames 206 Load 202 Method 210 Move 203-206 Save 202-203 Animation 7 commands 233 tips 154-156 cyclical 130-131 with color cycling 97-98 Animbrush 13,39,255 using 135-136 settings 136-137,209-210 Animpainting 7,39-40-121-122 Anti-alias 216 AutoGrid 10,222 AutoTransp 10,46,172-173,221 Axis Rotation 222 B B: 222 Background 10 fixing the 38,111-112 scrolling the 149=59 Background color 46 default 25 painting with 27 select a 178 Backspace 173,175 239A Be Square command 32,169,170,220 Bend command 100,198 BG->FG command 188 (Brush) 197 BG<->FG command 188 (Brush) 197 Bit-mapped image,64 Bold 65 Brush area,selecting a 172-173 Brush axis system 70,76,126 Brush commands 229 Brush coordinates system 75-77 Brush handle 10,49,148-149,198-199 rotation around the 74-75 Brush menu 194-199 Bend 198 Change Color 197 Edge 196 Flip 196 Handle 198-199 Load 194 Restore 195 Rotate 196-197 Save 194 Shear 197 Size 195 Brush mode 24 new 8 Brush selector tool 34,44,172-175 modify 60-61 Brush animated 135 anything can be a 34-35,44 change colors in a 101-102 custom 44-49 irregular shaped 45 multicolored 201 rectangular 44 239B rotate a 70-77,125,148-149,196-197 stenciled 10 Built-in brushes 28,160 modify 59 C Cels 39,137 Change Transparency 198 Choose Font Requester 10,61,173-174 Choose Screen Format Requester 16,55-56,193 Circle 32,169-170,175 CLI 234236 CLR 28,178 Color Cycling 48,58 animation with 97-98 Color Fill box 222 Color indicator 25-26,178 Color Palette Requester 56-59,88,185 Color palette,modifying the 87-93 Color background 46 changing a brush 101-102 copy 186 transparent 34-35,45-47 ColorText 65 Come To command 133-134,205 Compressed(memory method)123,211 Computer graphics 1-3 Constrain 32,132,160,168-169 Continuouse freehand tool 29,53,161 Coordinate system 69-77,79 Coordinates 222 Coords 113,219-220,222 239C Copy to All command 207 Copy to Spare command 189 Corner color 46 Cross-hair 27,31,70 Curve tool 30,164 modify 60 Custom brushes 44-49 Customizing the palette 37 Cycle command 188 Cyclical animation 130-131 D Default mode 64 Default palette 37,188 Default settings 16,69,141 Delete All command 207 Delete File Requester 182-183 Delete Frame command 207 Delete This Page command 190 DeluxePaint About 9,194 default settings in 16 installing on a hard disk 14-15 package 13 painting screen of 17,50-56 previous versions of 3 printing with 9 quitting 19 starting 15-16 technical support for 19-20 video and 8 Disks copying 14 initializing 14 organizing 14 swapping 180 Dissolve command 142-143 Distance 154,155 Dither 96,167-168 Dotted freehand tool 29,53,160,175 Double command 195 Double Horiz 195 240A Double Vert 196 Drawer 18,36,182 Drop shadow 103-104 E Ease In/Ease Out 133,154,204 Edge command 9,105,196 Effect menu 211-218 Background 214 Perspective 214-218 Stencil 211-213 Ellipse tool 32-33,170-171,175 Enclosed shape 31 Erasing 25 Expanded(memory method)123,211 Extra Halfbrite 7-8,63-64,104,191 F Fill tool 30-31,165 modify 60 Fill Type Requester 60,96 Fill types,new 8 Filled freehand shape tool 8,161 Filled shapes 8-9 Fix Background command 54,154 (Stencil)214 Fixed background 38,45,111-112 Fixing Axes(Perspective)218 Font Menu 10 Fonts directory 65 Foreground color 46 painting with 27 select a 178 Frames 120,181 Free Background command (Stencil)214 Freehand shape tool 29 Friskets. See Stencils 240B G Global changes 37 Go Back command 128-130 Go From command 134,205 Go to Frame Requester 208 Gradient Fill 58,96-97,105-106 Grid point 114 Grid tool 51-52,175 modify 61 Gridding Requester 51-51,175 H Halfbrite 167,168 Halve command 195 Hard disk installation,14-15 Hi-Res 58,192 Horiz(Brush)198 Horiz 196 HSV color system 56-57,88-93,167,186 Hue 90,166 I Interactive mode 235 Interlace 58,192 Italic 65,99 K Keyboard commands. See Appendix B Keyboard equivalents 179 how to use 66 L Leak 31 Lo-Res 58,191 Load Picture Requester 18,181 Loading a Picture 17-19 Lock FG command(Stencil)213 Locked colors 109,211 240C M Magnify tool 50-51,177 Main page 44 Make Stencil Requester 108,212 Med Res 58,192 Memory 191,193 availability 222 method 123 model 210 Memory Management. See Appendix A Menu Bar 17,24,76 hiding 50 Menus 24,179 Merge in Back command 190 Merge in Front command 189 Method command 123 Mnemonic 160 Mode menu 61,200-202 Blend 201 Color 62,64,103-104,200 Cycle 62,201 Halfbrite 201 Matte 62,200 Replc 200 Shade 200-201 Smear 61,200 Smooth 201 Tint 8,166,202 Move requester 124,141,203-206 MultiCycle 48,63,201 N No Icons 10 Non-cyclical animation 131 O Options Requester 122 Outline command 105 Outlined shapes 8-9 Outlining 104,196 automatic 9 Overscan 55,192,227 painting 8 241A P Page 23,44,54-55 switching 54 Page Size 55,227 Page Size Requester 55 Paint Can 30,31 Painting area 31 Painting modes 61-64,222 Painting screen,17,23 Palette 24-28,178,185-188 arranging colors in the 57 customizing the 37 default 37 picking colors from 25-27 Parent(Dir)18,180 Pattern fill 102-103 Perspective 9,49 center 70,78,82 commands 232 horizon 82 plane 81,83 creating a 113-114 rotations 217-218 Perspective Requester 52,73-74,215-217 PICK pointer 27,101,102,178 Picking colors from the palette 25-26 from the screen 27-28 Picture menu 180-194 About 194 Change color 185-187 Delete 182-183 Flip 185 Load 180-181 Page Size 190-191 Print 183-185 Quit 194 Save 181-182 Screen Format 191-193 Show Page 191 Spare 189-190 Picture loading a 17-19 flipping 9 241B Pixel 28,51,55,169,175,190 Place(Symmetry)176 Player utility 235-237 Point(Symmetry)176 Polygon tool 33-34,171-172 Prefs menu 10,219-222 AutoGrid 222 AutoTransp 221 Be Square 220 Coords 219-220,222 Exclbrush 220-221 Fast FB 220 MultiCycle 220 No Icons 221 Workbench 220 Print Picture Requester 183 Printers 14 Q Quitting DeluxePaint 19 R RAM(random access memory)14,123,225 Ranges 93,95,187 defining 58 ReadMe 13 Rectangle tool 31-32,168-169,175 Reference Palette 87-93 Remake(Stencil)212 Remap 189 (Brush) 197-198 Requester defined 16 Requesters Animbrush Settings 136-137 Choose Font 10,61,173-174 Choose Screen Format 16,55-56,193 Color Palette 56-59,88,185 Delete File 182-183 Fill Type 60,96 Go to Frame 208 Gridding 51-52,175 241C Load Picture 18,181 Make Stencil 108,212 Move 124,141,203-206 Options 122 Page Size 55 Perspective 52,73-74,215-217 Print Picture 183 Save Picture 35-36,182 Set Frame Count 120,207 Set Page Size 190 Spacing 147,156,163 Symmetry 53,176 Resize command 100-101 Restore Palette command 188 RGB color system 56-57,88-93,167,186 Rotating a brush 70-77,125 S S: 222 Saturation 90,166 Save Picture Requester 35-36,182 Saving your work 35-36,55 Screen 50-56 axes 126-129 coordinates system 75-77 formats 24,58-59 picking colors from 27-28 resolutions 55-56,191-192 Script files 236 Scroll 180 box 18,180 the background 149-150 the page 55 Set # 206 Set Frame Count Requester 120,207 Set Page Size Requester 190 Shape tools modify 60 Shapes,receding or approaching 142 242A Shear command 99 Shift key 160 Solid 166 Sonor "blip" 143 Spacebar 34,171 Spacing Requester 147,156,163 Spare page 44,225,227 Special commands 231 Spout 165 Spreads 93-95,186-187 creating 57-58 Starting DeluxePaint 15-16 Stenciled Brushes 10 Stencils 107-112 editing 110-112 Straight line tool 30,162,175 modify 60 Stretch command 100-101,195 Style buttons 65 Submenus 179 Swap 189 Switching pages 54 Symmetry Requester 53,176 Symmetry tool 53,176 modify 61 T Technical support 19-20 Text tool 64-66,173-174,175 modify 61 Three axes 124 Three dimensional space 7,9,49,52,69,72,77,124 moving in 78-80 Tile(Symmetry)176-177 Tint 8,166 Title Bar 17,24 Toolbox 25,28-35,159-179 commands 230 hiding the 50 modifying 59-61 Traces 170 242B Trails 144-145,205 Transparent color 34-35,45-47 Trim command 142,196 U Underline 65 Undo 28,177 Unfilled shape tools modify 60 Unfilled/Filled Circle tool 169-170,175 Unfilled/Filled Ellipse tool 170-171,175 Unfilled/Filled Polygon tool 171-172 Unfilled/Filled Rectangle tool 168-169,175 Use Brush Palette command 187-188 V Value 90 Vert 196 (Brush)198 W Wire frame 125 Workbench 15,220,235-236 Wrap 8,167 text 64,173 Z Zoom tool 51,177 DELUXEPAINT DOCS BROUGHT TO YOU BY THE SOUTHER STAR WITH ASSISTANCE OF RAP -Res 58,192 Horiz(Brush)198 Horiz 196 HSV color system 56-57,88-93,167,186 Hue 90,166 I Interactive mode 235 Interlace 58,192 Italic 65,99 K Keyboard commands. See Appendix B Keyboard equivalents 179 how to use 66 L Leak 31 Lo-Res 58,191 Load Picture Requester 18,181 Loading a Picture 17-19 Lock FG command(Stencil)213 Locked colors 109,211 240C M Magnify tool 50-51,177 Main page 44 Make Stencil Requester 108,212 Med Res 58,192 Memory 191,193 availability 222 method 123 model 210 Memory Management. See Appendix A Menu Bar 17,24,76 hiding 50 Menus 24,179 Merge in Back command 190 Merge in Front command 189 Method command 123 Mnemonic 160 Mode menu 61,200-202 Blend 201 Color 62,64,103-104,200 Cycle 62,201 Halfbrite 201 Matte 62,200 Replc 200 Shade 200-201 Smear 61,200 Smooth 201 Tint 8,166,202 Move requester 124,141,203-206 MultiCycle 48,63,201 N No Icons 10 Non-cyclical animation 131 O Options Requester 122 Outline command 105 Outlined shapes 8-9 Outlining 104,196 automatic 9 Overscan 55,192,227 painting 8 241A P Page 23,44,54-55 switching 54 Page Size 55,227 Page Size Requester 55 Paint Can 30,31 Painting area 31 Painting modes 61-64,222 Painting screen,17,23 Palette 24-28,178,185-188 arranging colors in the 57 customizing the 37 default 37 picking colors from 25-27 Parent(Dir)18,180 Pattern fill 102-103 Perspective 9,49 center 70,78,82 commands 232 horizon 82 plane 81,83 creating a 113-114 rotations 217-218 Perspective Requester 52,73-74,215-217 PICK pointer 27,101,102,178 Picking colors from the palette 25-26 from the screen 27-28 Picture menu 180-194 About 194 Change color 185-187 Delete 182-183 Flip 185 Load 180-181 Page Size 190-191 Print 183-185 Quit 194 Save 181-182 Screen Format 191-193 Show Page 191 Spare 189-190 Picture loading a 17-19 flipping 9 241B Pixel 28,51,55,169,175,190 Place(Symmetry)176 Player utility 235-237 Point(Symmetry)176 Polygon tool 33-34,171-172 Prefs menu 10,219-222 AutoGrid 222 AutoTransp 221 Be Square 220 Coords 219-220,222 Exclbrush 220-221 Fast FB 220 MultiCycle 220 No Icons 221 Workbench 220 Print Picture Requester 183 Printers 14 Q Quitting DeluxePaint 19 R RAM(random access memory)14,123,225 Ranges 93,95,187 defining 58 ReadMe 13 Rectangle tool 31-32,168-169,175 Reference Palette 87-93 Remake(Stencil)212 Remap 189 (Brush) 197-198 Requester defined 16 Requesters Animbrush Settings 136-137 Choose Font 10,61,173-174 Choose Screen Format 16,55-56,193 Color Palette 56-59,88,185 Delete File 182-183 Fill Type 60,96 Go to Frame 208 Gridding 51-52,175 241C Load Picture 18,181 Make Stencil 108,212 Move 124,141,203-206 Options 122 Page Size 55 Perspective 52,73-74,215-217 Print Picture 183 Save Picture 35-36,182 Set Frame Count 120,207 Set Page Size 190 Spacing 147,156,163 Symmetry 53,176 Resize command 100-101 Restore Palette command 188 RGB color system 56-57,88-93,167,186 Rotating a brush 70-77,125 S S: 222 Saturation 90,166 Save Picture Requester 35-36,182 Saving your work 35-36,55 Screen 50-56 axes 126-129 coordinates system 75-77 formats 24,58-59 picking colors from 27-28 resolutions 55-56,191-192 Script files 236 Scroll 180 box 18,180 the background 149-150 the page 55 Set # 206 Set Frame Count Requester 120,207 Set Page Size Requester 190 Shape tools modify 60 Shapes,receding or approaching 142 242A Shear command 99 Shift key 160 Solid 166 Sonor "blip" 143 Spacebar 34,171 Spacing Requester 147,156,163 Spare page 44,225,227 Special commands 231 Spout 165 Spreads 93-95,186-187 creating 57-58 Starting DeluxePaint 15-16 Stenciled Brushes 10 Stencils 107-112 editing 110-112 Straight line tool 30,162,175 modify 60 Stretch command 100-101,195 Style buttons 65 Submenus 179 Swap 189 Switching pages 54 Symmetry Requester 53,176 Symmetry tool 53,176 modify 61 T Technical support 19-20 Text tool 64-66,173-174,175 modify 61 Three axes 124 Three dimensional space 7,9,49,52,69,72,77,124 moving in 78-80 Tile(Symmetry)176-177 Tint 8,166 Title Bar 17,24 Toolbox 25,28-35,159-179 commands 230 hiding the 50 modifying 59-61 Traces 170 242B Trails 144-145,205 Transparent color 34-35,45-47 Trim command 142,196 U Underline 65 Undo 28,177 Unfilled shape tools modify 60 Unfilled/Filled Circle tool 169-170,175 Unfilled/Filled Ellipse tool 170-171,175 Unfilled/Filled Polygon tool 171-172 Unfilled/Filled Rectangle tool 168-169,175 Use Brush Palette command 187-188 V Value 90 Vert 196 (Brush)198 W Wire frame 125 Workbench 15,220,235-236 Wrap 8,167 text 64,173 Z Zoom tool 51,177