@DATABASE "Macintosh Troubleshooter" @AUTHOR "Michael S Hutchison" @FONT Xen.font 9 @NODE MAIN "Contents" @TITLE "Macintosh Troubleshooter v2.0" @{JCENTER}@{b}MACINTOSH TROUBLESHOOTER GUIDE Version 2.0,@{ub} Jan/Feb 1999 By Michael S Hutchison email: MadMike@blizzard.u-net.com @{i}All corrections/additions made since version 1.5, are highlighted in italic@{ui}. @{b}C O N T E N T S@{ub} @{" Introduction & Important Notices " LINK Intro} @{" Whats New in v2 NEW " LINK WhatsNew} @{" Finding & Recognising the Problem " LINK Problem} Common Macintosh Problems @{" Hard Disk & SCSI Problems " LINK HardDisk} @{" Boot-up Problems " LINK Bootup} @{" CD-ROM Problems " LINK CDROM} @{" Crashing Problems " LINK Crashing} @{" File & Icon Problems " LINK Files} @{" VIRUS Related Problems " LINK Infection} @{" Modem & Internet Problems " LINK WWW} @{" Printing Problems " LINK Print} @{" Network Problems NEW " LINK Network} @{" General MacOS Problems & Queries " LINK MacOS} @{" Miscellaneous Problems " LINK Misc} Maintenance & Information @{" Maintenance & Data Protection Guide " LINK Maintenance} @{" Viruses in Detail " LINK Viruses} @{" Error Codes Explained " LINK ErrorCodes} @{" Useful MacOS Information NEW " LINK Info} @{" Useful Mac Software " LINK Software} @{" Useful Mac Internet Sites " LINK Download} @{" Jargon " LINK Jargon} @{" HELP Me, to Help You! " LINK Suggestions} @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Intro" @TITLE "Introduction To This Guide" @{JCENTER}@{b}INTRODUCTION@{ub} @{JLEFT} @{i}This guide gives you solutions to most of the problems you'll come across whilst emulating the Macintosh. I've also included information about the MacOS, so that you can understand it better. I have not (and will not) be covering problems on setting up Mac emulation - that is where it's own documentation comes into play, so read it all thoroughly, first - you'll be glad you did! I haven't covered troubleshooting for individual programs, or for all the System versions, I don't own them all, although I do have experience with Systems 7.0 through to 7.55, and MacOS 8.0 to 8.1.@{ui} If you find an error in this guide, a problem you cannot solve or even contribute to this guide, then by all means email me at; @{b}MadMike@blizzard.u-net.com.@{ub} @{i}Or post your problem to one of these Newsgroups@{ui}; @{b}comp.sys.amiga.emulations@{ub} or @{b}comp.sys.mac.misc.@{ub} @{i} @{b}LATE BREAKING NEWS!! @{ub} System 7.53 is now available to download, from Apple's web site. See "Miscellaneous MacOS Problems" section, under the title @{b}"Where can I download free Macintosh System software?", @{ub}click; @{" " LINK MacOS}. @{JCENTER}@{b} * This Guide is best read on a 640x512/480 screen, using the Xen font (supplied) *@{ui} @{b}Disclaimer I WILL NOT TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR DAMAGE DONE TO YOUR DATA OR COMPUTER, WHILST UNDERTAKING GUIDANCE FROM THIS TEXT. IT IS UP TO YOU TO TAKE PROPER PRECAUTIONS, BEFORE YOU TRY TO REPAIR YOUR DISK OR FILES IN WHATEVER SHAPE OR FORM THEY MAY TAKE. NOR CAN I GUARANTEE THAT ANY OF MY SOLUTIONS WILL COVER ALL EVENTUALITIES.@{ub} @ENDNODE @REM ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SECTION SEPARATOR ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ @NODE "WhatsNew" @TITLE "Whats New in Macintosh Troubleshooter Guide v2.0" @{JCENTER}@{b}WHAT'S NEW IN VERSION TWO@{ub} @{JLEFT}@{i} Version 2 has had a major overhaul since v1.5. Macintosh Troubleshooter Guide v2.0, now includes up to 250% more information than last times guide! And has also been updated to include ShapeShifter 3.10 issues and compatibility with System 8 (yes, you heard me correctly, it IS compatible), plus more on Fusion as well - dotted throughout the guide.@{ui} @{b}NEW TO THE GUIDE@{ub}@{i} @{b}The Entire System Folder in Detail @{ub} This can be found in the @{b}"Useful MacOS Information" @{ub}section: *All standard @{b}System Folder @{ub}items and folders, you should expect to see. *All Apple standard @{b}Control Panels @{ub}explained. *All Apple standard @{b}Extensions @{ub}explained. *@{b}System Enablers @{ub}explained. *@{b}The whole 68k Macintosh range @{ub}listed. The list includes; systems software they supported (that are compatible with ShapeShifter and Fusion), the CPU, 24 or 32bit addressing modes used, and some ROM versions. With suggestions for best compatibility with ROM images. *Plus, information about the Mac's Operating System. @{b}Networking @{ub} Everything to do with Ethernet connection; problems, software needed and setting up suggestions.@{ui} @{b}AMENDS & ADDITIONS@{ub}@{i} -@{b}Error Codes @{ub}- now explains even more System errors. -@{b}Internet Web Pages @{ub}- more useful WWW pages, and useful programs to download/buy. -@{b}Listed All Systems @{ub}- every MacOS version listed, from v1 right up to v8.5. See the section entitled @{b}"General MacOS Problems & Queries".@{ub} -@{b}CD-ROM Problems @{ub}- much more information added, for Fusion owners as well. -@{b}Printing Problems @{ub}- a lot more info added, covering; Postscript & bitmap printing; proper connection setup to a Printer; printing via Ethernet; and a few problems solved, thrown in. -@{b}Internet Problems @{ub}- info on how to connect to the web, via Classic Networking or Open Transport. -@{b}Lots more Problems Solved @{ub}- littered throughout the guide. -@{b}Useful Mac Programs @{ub}- more useful Mac programs listed, including several additional backup programs (in the @{b}"Maintenance & Data Protection Guide" @{ub}section). -@{b}Jargon @{ub}- this section includes even more of those Mac words and terms. -@{b}MacOS Manuals @{ub}- I've listed places as to where to download manuals & information on the Mac OS. See @{b}"General MacOS Problems & Queries" @{ub}for details. -And more corrections were made, all over the place! -@{b}Contributions; @{ub}John Blyth (Australia), and Marius Lichte (Germany), thanks guys! @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Problem" @TITLE "Finding & Recognising The Problem" @{JCENTER}@{b}FINDING AND RECOGNISING THE PROBLEM@{ub} @{JLEFT} Most problems occur when you introduce new applications onto your computer. 50% are usually software related, 48% for hard disk directory & file corruption and SCSI errors, and the rest are hardware faults, ie. hard drive failure, chips/RAM blown, battery and power supply problems. @{b}The Cause of the Problem General Crashes@{ub} This is a software related problem most of the time, no matter what anybody tells you, this is the first area you should try to resolve first. You may experience all manner of weird and spectacular crashes; freezes, system bomb messages, start-up crashes, odd behaviour or even pesky viruses. Whatever the cause, this is only a short term problem, so don't be alarmed. @{b}Hard Disk Errors@{ub} This can be anything from a flashing question mark (at boot-up) to a full hard disk head crash. To recognise this type of error, you need to look out for; abnormal disk accessing, file corruption when copying files, default icons, programs not loading properly, and fragmentation (slow boot-up and loading of software). A more serious problem is with directory errors, which causes; files/folders disappear, programs not to load, data corruption, copying corruption or even a total loss of the entire hard disk's contents (some viruses erase the directory structure). @{b}Hardware Failure@{ub} A circuit board type problem can be easily spotted, your Amiga simply won't work. This is the case if it is intermittent or persistent. Only an qualified engineer can fix this. @{b}Hunting Them Down@{ub} About nine times out of ten you will be able to sort it out by yourself. But before you dive into the problem, you need to know how to find it first. @{b}What to Associate the Error With@{ub} @{i}1) If your Mac crashes....................Its a program error, extension conflict, a virus or a SCSI problem.@{ui} 2) If hard disks don't mount or boot-up...Use a disk repair utility, don't reformat it. 3) If programs won't load.................Its a PowerPC program, or the application is damaged. @{i}4) If a program crashes constantly........The program and/or it's modules are damaged. A virus? Your 040/060 libraries need updating, on the Amiga side. 5) If your computer seems slow............A System, network, printer problem, a highly fragmented hard disk, a nearly full HD or just a slow Amiga.@{ui} 6) The MacOS crashes constantly...........It could be a virus, system corruption or both. 7) Disks & devices refuse to work.........A SCSI associated problem, or a virus has wiped the disk. @{i}8) Your Mac freezes unexpectedly..........It's either a SCSI termination problem, a hard error, or the current program is buggy or corrupted (check for viruses). @{ui} @{b}Other weird problems (take down notes)..@{ub} @{i}1) What error message does it display?....Check the Error Code list, for the corresponding code. 2) What happens exactly?..................Then check this with the "What to Associate It With" list above, to determine what caused it. Then check out possible solutions further on in this guide.@{ui} @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "HardDisk" @TITLE "Hard Disk & SCSI Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}HARD DISK & SCSI PROBLEMS @{JLEFT} @{i}Can I setup a RAID drive on my emulated Mac? @{ub} In theory, yes, so long as you have the correct hardware and software. It will have to be a software based RAID, because there are no dedicated RAID controllers for Amigas, and the Mac RAID software would not be able to recognise the controller anyway. Recommended specifications: -A 68040/060 CPU - it will not work on a slow computer. -A SCSI 2, or faster controller. -Two or more identical hard disks (the same manufacturer and capacity, ideally). -The software; there are a few commercial packages out there at the moment (there is no RAID shareware control programs). I'll list some of the good ones; * @{b}RAID Toolkit,@{ub} from FWB (www.fwb.com). * @{b}Charismac RAID,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). * @{b}Remus,@{ub} from Adaptec (www.adaptec.com). @{b}Will I be able to mount/format other external hard disks in Mac emulation? @{ub} Yes, in theory (haven't done this myself), if they are connected to the SCSI bus. You should be able to format it straight from the Mac side, and without formatting it on the Amiga side. However you might need 3rd party SCSI hard disk formatting software, if the System software doesn't come up with message asking you whether you want to initialise it. Also note that Apple's formatting utility @{b}Apple HD SC Setup @{ub}will only accept Apple branded hard disks, so don't bother using it. However you might have better luck with @{b}Drive Setup @{ub}which recognises quite a few hard disks, a copy of it can be downloaded off Apple's Tech Library web site: www.info.apple.com. Remember that ShapeShifter and Fusion only needs the setup info for the bootup partition, and not necessarily for each and every device you have for your Mac, such as Zip drives, scanners etc. @{b}Is it possible to repartition a volume without having to re-initialise it again? @{ub} No it is not possible. You @{b}have to @{ub}reformat (high-level format = re-initialise) the hard disk again to setup the hard disk parameters properly, otherwise you will run the risk of trashing the entire contents of the hard disk, and you can forget about recovering any data. If this affects the startup volume, then you'll have to repartition it on the Amiga side first, then format it again on the Mac.@{ui} @{b}What if I accidentally initialised my hard disk.. how can I retrieve my files? @{ub} 1) @{i}If you installed Norton Utilities' @{b}Filesaver @{ub}and set it up to actively scan your drives regularly, then you could use Norton's Volume Recover utility to restore the Directory structure back to how it was the last time Filesaver saved the Master Directory. 2) If however, the first option is not going to work for you, try using Norton's @{b}Unerase @{ub}program, to undelete files individually, or all the ones it finds. Note: if your hard disk contains a lot of fragmented files, it will not be able to retrieve and merge the other fragments as it does not know where they are. @{b}Tech Tool Pro @{ub}has a undelete feature as well, but will less features. 3) Try this rather good program, called @{b}Data Rescue,@{ub} for more information go to; @{b}http://www.wildbits.com/rescue/.@{ub} 4) Restore from your last backup. Only do this if you are not bothered about losing any new files, as you are highly unlikely to recover any of those files, as they will now be overwritten. 5) You could go to a professional data recovery service, beware, they can be quite expensive - best if you get a quote off them first. Try these companies for starters: -@{b}Advanced Data Solutions LLC @{ub}(USA), http://www.adv-data.com. -@{b}Data Quest International @{ub}(UK), Tel/fax: (+44) 1705 671330, email: dataq@globalnet.co.uk. -@{b}DNA Computer Services Ltd @{ub}(UK), Tel: 0831 295099 & 0385 261258. -Or look inside your Mac magazine for repair shops.@{ui} @{b}How big can a Mac disk be? @{ub} @{i}HFS volumes can go up to 9gig (safely) however I would recommend an upper limit of 4gig in HFS, otherwise it'll start to waste a lot of disk space due to massive @{" block sizes " LINK HFS}. HFS+ can go up to 2 terrabytes (2000 gigabytes), and uses a standard 4k block size on all HDs/partitions above 1gig. However, it all depends on your Amiga setup, and what controllers (SCSI or IDE) you are using for the boot partition(s) and what filing system patches you have installed which can recognise sizes above 4gig. You may have to update FFS to @{b}FFS TD64 @{ub}from Aminet, to use 4gig+ IDE hard disks, or another filing system altogether, such as @{b}Professional Filing System 2 @{ub}(PFS2 - Great Effects Development, www.greed.nl), which can handle huge hard disks.@{ui} @{b}How can I format a PC formatted Zip disk, as a Mac disk?@{ub} As you may have noticed, you cannot format a PC Zip disk as Mac HFS disk via the Erase Disk feature, in the Finder's Special menu, @{i}if the PC Exchange control panel is activated. It will only reformat it as a PC disk again. You can either switch off the aforementioned control panel and then use the Finder's @{b}Erase Disk @{ub}or,@{ui} use a hard disk formatting utility such as Iomega's Zip Tools, which can be downloaded from the Iomega's web site; www.iomega.com. The main Zip utility is called @{b}Tools @{ub}and lets you set certain formatting parameters as well as update the current disk driver (Rigid Disk Block). @{b}How can I tell if this volume is formatted as a HFS+ disk?@{ub} @{b}For MacOS8.1 users..@{ub} Highlight the disk's icon and press Amiga+i for "Get Info". Near the top of the panel is a subject called Format, it'll list the disk's format as; Mac OS Standard (HFS), or Mac OS Extended (HFS+). You may not see much difference in block size, for hard disks below 250mb. @{b}For MacOS7.x/8.0 users..@{ub} A HFS+ disk used on any system below 8.1 will only see a text file on the disk, with no other icons displayed, the Simpletext doc will be named "Where have all my files gone". It'll tell you that this disk is an HFS+ disk, and you cannot access any files accept in OS8.1. However you will be able to see and use a HFS+ volume connected to a Macintosh FileServer. See the section on @{" HFS+ " LINK HFS} for more details. @{b}The hard disk icon doesn't appear on the desktop, what happened?@{ub} Either the hard disk has not been formatted or an error has developed on the HD.. 1) The Desktop File has become corrupted. To rebuild the Desktop, you need to press and hold any Amiga+Alt keys, just before the Finder loads up. 2) The Master Directory Block is damaged - run a repair program, to fix the directory structure. 3) The hard disk driver is not functioning properly. You may have to repair the disk or even re-initialise it (ShapeShifter uses it's own driver info). 4) There is a poor power/SCSI connection to the hard disk, check all cables are firmly in place (even internal drives). @{b}General SCSI Problems@{ub} SCSI can cause a lot of problems, especially with Macintosh emulation. It mainly causes; a freeze, the watch spins forever, @{i}and inevitably causes data/directory corruption.@{ui} @{i}To avoid any unnecessary problems, check through this list first, then use your disk repair utility;@{ui} 1) Make absolutely sure the SCSI bus is terminated on powered up devices only. 2) You can safely use some devices even though some have been switched off, and it'll still be usable - although it isn't recommended. 3) All SCSI devices need to be switched on @{b}before@{ub} the computer is powered up. Otherwise the controller will not see these peripherals. 4) Make sure all SCSI device IDs have their own unique numbers. No more than one device can have the same ID number, otherwise you'll have all manner of problems. 5) Do not use very long SCSI cables. SCSI can only have a maximum chain length of about 10m or so (this is not accurate, only a rough guide). @{b}My Mac displays a message saying it wants to initialise the disk I've just inserted, what can I do to get it to recognise the disk properly?@{ub} Again you need the services of your favourite disk repair program to recover the disk and its data, assuming of course,@{i} that it has already been formatted for the Mac.@{ui} If your utility was not able to repair the disk, you'll have to copy the files off the disk, then reformat it again. If it is a PC disk (@{b}PC Exchange@{ub} control panel should be active), then there's nothing you can do to repair the disk, only a PC can fix a PC formatted disk. Note: many Macintosh disk repair programs cannot repair PC disks. However, if you have a PC emulator, you can repair the disk with the appropriate PC program. @{b}How come I get random system errors and freezes when using a SCSI device?@{ub} These are in no particular order, although I'd recommend you check nos.1, 2, 3, 6 and 10 first. 1) Check for viruses, from a clean @{b}write protected@{ub} anti-virus floppy disk. 2) Check your SCSI setup for proper termination. This means that your entire set of devices, no matter how many there are, should be terminated at each end of the bus. One for the internal chain of devices (usually a CD drive or hard disk), and one for the external chain. Both @{b}must@{ub} be terminated at the very end of the chain. If your Amiga crashed while using a device, it can damage the Finder and/or the System file, this may cause it to boot up no further than the happy Mac screen. See the section on @{" crashing " LINK Crashing} for boot-up crashes, for a remedy to the problem. 3) Check all SCSI IDs have a different ID number. If any two or more have the same ID, it will either not be recognised by the controller, or it will cause a system freeze, depending on which devices are effected. 4) Check all SCSI cables are connected properly. Switch off all peripherals first. It could be that a cable is faulty, as in, the wire inside is broken. The only way to track this down is to use a working device as a benchmark, and then check all cables, by attaching them one at a time to it, and see what happens. 5) A removable hard disk, eg. optical, Zip, may have serious errors in it's directory, use the disk repair program. 6) It could be a extension conflict. You'll have to disable a few at a time, to find out which one is causing the problem. You may have to reinstall the extension/control panel again, if it worked fine before this problem occurred. 8) Rebuild the Desktop file on all regularly used HDs/removable disks. 9) Update the drivers on all regularly used disks, except for Finder formatted hard disks - you'll have to re-initialise it, to up-date it. It can have a drastic effect on the Mac's performance, if it is damaged. Do this via the utility that formatted the disk. All it is doing is updating the Rigid Disk Block with the correct information. 10)Check the hard disk with your disk repair program, the directory structure may be damaged. @{b}When I copy files across to other disks, they become corrupted, what can I do?@{ub} This can be caused by one of two things; bad blocks or the hard disk's maximum transfer is set too high, a limit of 0X1FE00 = 128k is a normal setting. Use HDToolBox (Amiga) to key in a new value (activate the advanced options button). You won't need to reformat the drive. It could also be caused by faulty SCSI cables (internal or external), or the Mac's directory structure is damaged - run your repair program on the disk, just to make sure. And while you're at it, rebuild the Desktop(s) of your Mac hard disks, and scan your disks for viruses as well, this may have caused some system damage. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Bootup" @TITLE "Bootup Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}BOOT-UP PROBLEMS @{JLEFT}@{i} @{b}The flashing "? disk" screen appears when I startup the Mac, why won't it boot? @{ub} This means that the Mac cannot find a bootable or valid System Folder on any local drives. You need a bootable floppy or CD-ROM disk, to get the Mac up and running. If the your main hard disk is not booting-up as it should, check out these possibilities: 1) Check that your hard disk icon is selected in the Startup Disk control panel. 2) Zap the PRAM (Parameter RAM); press and hold any Amiga key+Alt+P+R keys, right at the beginning of the boot-up sequence - before the happy Mac icon appears. 3) The System file is damaged, either re-install the entire System Folder again or just the System file, from either a backup or an archive of the System Folder. 4) You're trying to bootup with an incompatible System folder. Reinstall the System again. 5) The hard disk information block needs repairing (you cannot update the "HD driver" on the Mac side, because the host computer (Amiga) generated it's own disk driver info). 6) If none of the above works, then your hard disk needs repairing with Norton Utilities 3.5 or similar program. If that fails, you may need to re-initialise (high-level format) the hard disk. Use the Finder's Erase Disk feature, found in the Special menu.@{ui} @{b}Why won't the new System I've just installed boot-up?@{ub} You have installed an incompatible version of the Operating System. ShapeShifter (up to v3.9) won't work with MacOS8, I KNOW, because I tried it myself. The correct version to install, is a Custom System Folder, eg. "System for this Macintosh", not a universal one, as this might not have all of the necessary resources for it to work with your particular processor, eg. a 68060. @{i}@{b}ShapeShifter 3.10,@{ub} will now let you to startup with @{b}System 8.0/8.1,@{ub} however, when you first install the System and reboot, you need to disable the Extensions (hold the Shift key down until it says "Extensions Disabled" in the "Welcome to Macintosh" screen), then take out the @{b}AppleShare @{ub} extension (and any other useless stuff) from the Extensions Folder, and reboot.@{ui} @{b}The computer totally froze when booting-up, why?@{ub} This is either a SCSI problem, or you have a corrupt System file. This can be caused by a virus, a crash that needed a hard reboot, or it crashed while the disk was active. 1) Check SCSI termination is correctly setup. The SCSI chain must be terminated at @{b}both @{ub}ends of the chain. That means one at the end of the internal chain and one at the end of the external chain. 2) Check all SCSI devices have a different ID number. If any two or more have the same ID, it will not be recognised by the controller, or it will cause a system wide freeze. @{i}3) If it is not a SCSI problem, then try these: * Repair the disk. * Rebuild the desktop: press and hold the Amiga+Alt keys in the middle of the startup sequence. * Trash the Finder prefs. * Bin the @{b}ShapeShifter PRAM @{ub}file. * The Finder and/or the System file is damaged, in which case you'll have to bin it, and then install a new working copy. I suggest you either get one from a archive, a backup or do a complete System reinstall. 4) If the Mac froze just before the Desktop icons appear, then the Desktop File (contains icon info) is severely damaged. Restart the Mac, then initiate a Desktop Rebuild (press Amiga+Alt). If this does not work, then there will be no way to mount this disk, even from another startup disk. So what you'll have to do is to make a bootable floppy disk with a repair program on it (Norton Utilities has such a floppy or disk image). When this boots-up, it will bypass the Finder and load straight into the repair program - hopefully it should be able to make the disk usable again. Once the repair is complete, I strongly recommend that you rebuild the Desktop File, the next time you restart. 5) One of the Extensions (inc. Control Panels) is damaged. Just bootup again with the Shift key pressed down to disable all extensions, and then manually, take out any new or suspicious extensions and restart the Mac. You can find out more in @{" Crashing " LINK Crashing}, under the heading "The system "bombed" or froze whilst booting up the Mac".@{ui} @{b}The Mac boots-up to the Happy Mac screen, but doesn't go any further, why?@{ub} I suspect that the last time you used the Mac emulation, it crashed. This normally corrupts the Finder preference file. In all cases, you need a bootable floppy or CD-ROM disk. 1) Delete the Finder preference file, and reboot. 2) Zap the PRAM. Press any Amiga key+Alt+P+R before the Happy Mac screen appears, this will delete the previous semi-permanent System data (for certain control panels). Or delete the PRAM file in the ShapeShifter folder. 3) A directory error, use a disk repair program to fix it. 4) Improper SCSI termination, switch everything off and recheck your setup. 5) The System file is damaged, reinstall again (do this last, if nothing else works). I recommend, that you make an archive of a good system folder, so that you don't have to reinstall the whole lot from scratch again. @{i}6) You have an incompatible Macintosh ROM image for the version of System software you're using.. See @{" ROM versions " LINK ROMs} for more information on supported Systems.@{ui} @{b}What is a extension conflict, and how can I resolve it?@{ub} Well, first you need to know what all those @{" Extensions " LINK Extensions} do in the System folder. The trouble with the MacOS installer, is that 50% of all the extensions installed are not even necessary. What you need is information about them, so that you know what you need and what you can safely bin. You can get it from two excellent shareware documents; @{b}Extension Overload@{ub} and @{b}InformINIT@{ub}. Both cover Systems 7.x to 8.x, from Apples's standard set to all known third party extensions and control panels - both have additional info concerning other topics as well. They can be downloaded from most Mac magazine CDs or from any good, Macintosh internet site. An extension conflict is basically two or more extensions that are attempting to use the same System resource. This usually results in no startup, a crash during bootup or even odd behaviour while using the computer. The only way to rectify the problem is to either boot-up with all extensions disabled or (if your Mac is usable) by trial and error. This means remove some extensions at a time to see if the problem goes away. If you have @{b}Conflict Catcher@{ub} (commercial, £57), this will make life much easier, as it does most of the work for you. It monitors what happens and is able to give you information on what is causing the problem. There is a copy of this utility on @{b}www.shareware.com@{ub}, I think it is for evaluation purposes only. @{b}The Mac won't boot-up as normal, instead it displays the flashing "X disk", what gives?@{ub} @{i}This means that the bootable disk you've inserted, or the hard disk's System Folder is not compatible with this type of Macintosh (in emulation it's either a Quadra or IIci).@{ui} Again, you need a bootable floppy or CD-ROM disk, so that you can access the hard disk. @{i}If this happens when you've either just installed a new System Folder, or the current System now refuses to boot, then it maybe one of these listed errors...@{ui} 1) The System file on that disk is damaged - reinstall a System file. 2) It can also be caused by a virus, corrupting the System file, therefore disabling your Mac. The solution is simple, get an anti-virus program immediately, to eradicate it. 3) The System folder on the disk, will not work with your Mac. The wrong System was installed, or it is completely incompatible with your Mac, ie. a PowerMac System folder. @{i}Use a universal System installer, ie. a System CD from any retailer, and not a System disk that came with a real Mac, as these are specific to that Mac only - especially floppy disk sets.@{ui} 4) There is no System folder on that disk, and it will be ejected or not used. 5) The boot block may be damaged (rigid disk block), try using a disk repair program first. If that fails, then you will need to reformat the disk. You can reformat any removable or external hard disk, which has not been specified by ShapeShifter or Fusion as the main boot disk, with a Macintosh formatting program, or by the Finder's Erase Disk feature. If it is a specified hard disk, you'll have to format it as an Amiga FFS partition again, and then re-initialise it on the Mac side. Only do this as a last resort, because if you have any data which has not been backed up recently, you will not be able to get it back. @{" See " LINK HardDisk} @{b}"What if I accidentally initialised the hard disk.." @{ub}for more information. @{b}Can I have TWO System Folders on a single partition?@{ub} This would be highly inadvisable, it would totally confuse your computer, especially if you copy a System by hand onto the main startup disk. It'll have difficulty booting-up next time, and will probably show you the flashing "? disk" screen. However you can install a system folder on a different partition, or onto as many disks as you like. @{b}Will my Mac emulation ever display the Sad Mac bomb screen? @{ub} No, it can't possibly show this screen, as this is a hardware check feature for real Macs. Since Mac emulation is via software, and the host computer (Amiga) is a different animal altogether, a hardware diagnostic obviously cannot work, therefore you will never get this dreaded screen. The most you'll experience is a startup freeze. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "CDROM" @TITLE "CD-ROM Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}CD-ROM PROBLEMS @{JLEFT}@{i} I can't mount any Mac CDs in emulation, why? @{ub} @{b}ShapeShifter v3.9 & v3.10 @{ub}now has the capability of recognising a CD-ROM drive by using it's own built-in generic driver (in the SCSI setup window). Just go into the SCSI setup screen and switch on the button next to "Use generic CD-ROM driver". However you still need the CD filing system data files found in the extensions folder, these are; @{b}Foreign File Access, High Sierra File Access, Audio CD Access @{ub}and @{b}ISO 9660 File Access.@{ub} @{b}Fusion @{ub}is very picky when it comes to SCSI, as you may know already, however some old SCSI CD-ROM drives may not be compatible with Fusion, or it cannot recognise it properly. In order to mount this drive, you'll require special Mac software, such as FWB's CDROM Toolkit, which supports a lot of CD drives. See their site for a list of supported drives (www.fwb.com). Fusion also has a generic CD driver, go to the setup window, and set these options... 1) Under the heading Peripherals, select "CD-ROM" 2) The ROM type should be @{b}HFS/PC.@{ub} 3) Device Driver = ATAPI.device or SCSI.device (whatever the driver is for your SCSI controller). 4) Unit = x (whatever it should be for ATAPI). Don't forget those CD-ROM Filing System data files in the System Extensions folder, see above. On Microcode Solution's web pages, there is a CD driver which is usually updated every so often, download it, if you still cannot mount any Mac CDs, the name of the archive is @{b}MSCD.LHA.@{ub} Go to: @{b}www.microcode-solutions.com/amiga/amiga.html @{ub}- under the title "Latest Software Downloads". For questions concerning IDE CD-ROM support, for ShapeShifter, see the AmigaGuide document @{b}KSSFAQ13,@{ub} (Klaatu's ShapeShifter Guide & FAQ v1.3), which can be found on Aminet. @{b}Why can't I boot up from my CD drive? @{ub} 1) The CD contains a System Folder which is incompatible with your Amiga setup, eg. System 8 will not work with ShapeShifter. 2) Some real 68k Macintosh computers do not support booting from CD-ROM, this is to do with the ROM, so if you have one of these ROMs, you @{b}may @{ub}be effected: -Macintosh 128k, 512k, 512ke -Macintosh Plus -Macintosh SE & SE/30 -Macintosh Portable -Macintosh Mac II, IIx, IIcx -Macintosh Mac Classic @{b}Why won't FWB CD-ROM Toolkit mount any CDs on my Mac? @{ub} CD Toolkit has certain minimum System requirements before it'll work on your computer, these are; System 7.01 or higher, an 020 or higher processor, a SCSI CD drive, and a hard disk. Note that version 3.02 and above, requires System 7.53 or higher, and 4mb of free RAM. However it now supports ATAPI drives as well as SCSI. @{b}I cannot seem to install MacOS from CD, using ShapeShifter/Fusion, what's wrong? @{ub} CD's with the Mac OS (7.5, 7.5.5 update, 7.6.1) are CD's with multiple data tracks. Under SS and using the generic CD-ROM driver fresh installs to an empty HD (and most likely updates as well) will FAIL because the later sections of the data cannot be read. To install from CD it is best to BOOT with a Disktools floppy, and have EMPCD: enabled under Device Disks. The multiple data sessions will now be seen and the installs from CD will work OK. You can then change back from EMPCD: to whatever CD activation you require under SS once it has all gone through OK. NOTE: This may not be the rule, rather the exception. @{b}by John Blyth, Australia @{ub} @{b}Where can I download Mac CD drivers? @{ub} 1) There is a generic CD-ROM driver on Apple's web site, this works with some non-Apple CD drives: www.apple.com/Apple_Support_Area/Apple_Software_Updates/US/Macintosh/@{b}Apple_CD-ROM_5.4.img.bin@{ub} This is a disk image, so you'll need @{b}DiskCopy @{ub}or @{b}Shrinkwrap @{ub}(this utility mounts the disk image onto the desktop). Both can be downloaded from any Mac shareware site. 2) Apple's System 7.x CD-ROM Setup software: @{b}ftp.info.apple.com/Apple.Support.Area/Apple.Software.Updates/US/Macintosh/ Display.and.Peripheral.Software/CD-ROM.Setup.5.0.1.img.sea.hqx @{ub} 3) Alternatively, you could download a freeware generic driver called @{b}CD-Sunrise @{ub}at: @{b}ftp://mirrors.aol.com/pub/info-mac/cfg/cd-sunrise-22c.hqx @{ub} 4) Try these three, one from NEC and two from Pioneer web sites (for NEC or Pioneer drives only): @{b}http://www.pioneer-eur.com/drivers/mac220.220 - http://www.pioneer-eur.com/drivers/mac402.hqx ftp://ftp.nectech.com/pub/peripherals/mac-cd/SPEEDYCD.HQX @{ub} 5) There are all the known Macintosh CD-ROM drivers available today; -@{b}~CorelSCSI!,@{ub} from Corel (www.corel.com). -@{b}Anubis CD-ROM,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). -@{b}CDROM Toolkit @{ub}£53, from FWB (www.fwb.com). -@{b}CD-ROM Extension,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). -@{b}CD Autocache @{ub}$79, from Charismac (www.charismac.com). -@{b}CDTECH 1.x.x,@{ub} from CD Technology. -@{b}Drive7Rem @{ub}or @{b}DriveCD,@{ub} from Casa Blanca Works. -@{b}MetrooCD INIT 1.x.x,@{ub} from MetroCD. -@{b}NecCDDrvr @{ub}or @{b}DriveCD NEC,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). -@{b}CLD Access,@{ub} from Pioneer (www.pioneer-eur.com/drivers/). -@{b}PLICDDrvr,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). -@{b}Rapid-CD @{ub}£35, from Insignia Solution. -@{b}RapidTrak-CD,@{ub} from MacPeak (www.macpeak.com). -@{b}SCSI-CD driver,@{ub} from Corel (www.corel.com). -@{b}SpiritTMCD,@{ub} from OAC. -@{b}TSLCDDrvr,@{ub} from Trantor. -@{b}Toshiba CD-ROM Driver 1.x.x,@{ub} from Toshiba (www.toshiba.com). -@{b}TurboCD-ROM Init,@{ub} from Charismac (www.charismac.com). @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Crashing" @TITLE "Crashes & System Errors Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}CRASHING PROBLEMS @{JLEFT}@{i} Why are some programs suddenly quitting? @{ub} You've given too much memory for your application(s), and the System does not have any spare memory to expand into. If this is the case, then the best thing to do is to leave 1-3mb of free RAM for the System to "grow". Or it could just be a case of the program not being able to access one of it's own files or a System Library, and it quit itself - although this will probably case a crash. @{b}Why doesn't Norton Utilities 3.5's CrashGuard work? @{ub} Because it is a PowerPC only application, and a good one as well. All it does, is to catch a crash, before it takes down the whole system, it'll keep a log of all crashes and when one happens, it will give you three choices: Fix It, Quit the Application or Reboot the Mac. @{b}What causes my Mac to crash/freeze? @{ub} For starters, don't assume that the Mac emulation has frozen, it may be just taking it's time to complete an operation or loading up files - be patient. Remember your dealing with slow 68k apps not PowerMacs. A good sign that the Mac emulation is going Ok, is when you can still move the pointer about the screen. Here are some tips to help you with a crashy situation: 1) To get out of an infinite loop type situation, press Apple+"." keys (cancel operation) or Apple+ Option+Escape keys (Force Quit out of emulation). 2) A corrupt preference file can often cause many a crash, just delete the application's preference file in the System Folder, and re-setup your prefs for that program. 3) The program could be accessing a damaged Library extension, or trying to access a Library extension that isn't in the System Folder - in either case, reinstall the Library file(s). 4) An extension conflict is another common suspect when a Mac crashes. All you have to do is see what programs or other System enhancement utilities/extensions you have, and take them out of the Extensions Folder, then restart the Mac, see if this cures it. It could also be damaged! 5) Document files may also become corrupted, and often causes instability in the MacOS/application. I'm afraid, if the file is far too gone to salvage, you'll have to recreate the file from scratch, assuming you haven't done a backup recently. 6) Viruses, can also reek havoc on your Mac, so be vigilant with downloaded programs, scan them first before you execute it. 7) If your Mac hard disk is not looked after regularly, it could develop so many faults in the directory structure (or bad blocks) that files and applications will automatically cause crashes, due to the unstable state of the partition(s). Do regular hard disk checks to prevent this.@{ui} @{b}My Mac has started to crash a lot, how come, it was alright not long ago?@{ub} 1) @{i}You may have installed a later version of the 040/060 libraries on the Amiga, this can certainly break some Mac programs, or at least cause some features to crash out on you. Try using an older version, eg. v41 to v43.0 are pretty stable. You may have to switch off SuperScaler (NS) and the Memory Buffer (NB), on an 060 computer using Fusion, but this would degrade performance by 25-50%. NS & NB are CPU settings; to use any of these commands, you can only do it through the Shell, as a, temporary measure, or via the Startup Sequence script - preferably executed early in the script. To use a certain setting, type @{b}cpu040 xx @{ub}or @{b}cpu060 xx @{ub}(Phase5 accelerators), OR @{b}cpu xx @{ub}for 68000/ 020/030 CPUs. To call up a list of all available options/settings, type @{b}cpu ? @{ub}(000/020/030s), OR, @{b}cpu040 ? @{ub}/ @{b}cpu060 ? @{ub}(Phase5). 2) A program has installed additional/newer versions of system extensions? Your Mac doesn't like them.@{ui} Restart the Mac with all system extensions disabled, then press the Shift key right away, until the message "Extensions disabled" appears under "Welcome to Macintosh". Now remove any NEW extensions and/or control panels, and reboot. This may render some program inoperable. 3) The program is very buggy. It could be a Beta version, best wait until the next official release for that particular application. 4) Run your disk repair utility over the system and application hard disks. It may have developed an error in the main Directory, which can cause instability. 5) The program has become corrupted, check for viruses, then reinstall the program.@{i} 6) Has the application got enough allocated memory? Highlight the program, while in the Finder, and press Amiga+i, this will show you, at the bottom of the information panel, the memory allocation fields. The one you need to amend, is the @{b}Preferred Memory @{ub}value, it needs to be bigger than the Suggested Memory figure (the numbers represent Kilobytes).@{ui} 7) This new software requires an FPU, which you either don't have or it doesn't seem to like the one you've got. Install the freeware program @{b}SoftwareFPU@{ub}. This control panel emulates an FPU extremely well. Download it from any shareware internet site. 8) Your Mac doesn't have enough memory to function properly, with or without additional programs loaded as well. You need a minimum of 8mb for the MAC, this will accommodate a bare bones system (2-3mb) and one medium-weight (3-4mb) program. OR you have not allocated enough RAM to a regularly used program. To use additional memory, select the program's icon and press Amiga+i keys, to access the Get Info panel. Now go down to the "Preferred Size" box and type in a number (1=1k), it has to be equal or more than the minimum value. 9) A bitmap or Truetype font has become corrupted in the System's Fonts folder, replace the suitcase with the master copy. @{" See " LINK Files} @{b}"Some fonts don't appear to work.." @{ub}for more info. 10)The program is incompatible with your emulated Mac or the System version you're using. 11)Check for viruses, these can easily cause sudden crashes and bootup failures. Eradicate the virus first, then see if any programs crash repeatedly, if they do, bin the whole application folder, because the virus has damaged it, and reinstall again. @{b}The system "bombed" or froze whilst booting up the Mac?@{ub} Make a note of when (during the boot procedure) it happened, this will differentiate between a duff System/Finder/extension or an extension conflict. @{i}To find out which one it is, is simple, all folders then extensions, always load-up alphabetically; -the System and Finder Preference files -then the extensions -then the control panels with it's preference file -then the Finder -and finally, the Startup Item folder.@{ui} 1) If it happened before any icons started to appear during boot-up, the System file or Finder preference file is damaged (bin the prefs first, leave the system for now). 2) If it froze or crashed whilst the @{i}extensions are loading, then the last icon will give you a @{ui} good idea as to which one is the troublemaker, because it is either the last extension that loaded before the crash or the one after it. Remember that not all extensions and control panels display it's icon at boot-up. @{i}Simply find and disable any suspect extension, and continue to do this until the crashing stops.@{ui} 3) If it shows a System Error message, freezes or just restarts, after the extensions etc. have loaded, then the Finder program is damaged. Just reinstall it. 4) Beware of viruses, this is a @{" symptom " LINK Infection} of infection, as they nearly always infect the System file or even the Finder, so scan the hard disk with a bootable CD (it cannot be infected) or a locked anti-virus diskette. 5) Another cause is a corrupt font suitcase, which can prevent the System from booting, by freezing on the Happy Mac screen. The only way out of this situation is to boot from a different disk, then look inside all the suitcases in the System's Font folder, and see if each suitcase opens and that each font size (when you double click on it) shows the correct font and style - if it shows a default font, ie. Geneva, it's damaged. Bin all corrupted fonts and restart the Mac again. 6) It may have been caused by a SCSI ID clash between the boot disk and another device, recheck the IDs on all external devices and change to a different number. Also check SCSI termination is switched ON, for the last device in the chain. @{b}The Mac is behaving erratically and files don't open - what's doing this?@{ub} 1) THE most likely cause for a very unstable Mac, is the Master Directory and the Volume Bitmap on the hard disk has incorrect data concerning the number of files and space available on the disk. Do not continue to use the hard disk, as this may cause damage to files and applications. Use a disk repair program to correct it. 2) The Desktop File has become corrupted - either use your repair utility, or restart the Mac and hold down the Alt+Shift keys just after the extensions have loaded, this will display the message "Do you want to rebuild the desktop of [disk name]", click OK. The disk's directory structure could be corrupted, give it a scan, & repair any damage. 3) Also check your hard disk for viruses, and do not attempt to load any more programs, as this may cause further infection. The virus could be in the Desktop or System files. CDEF is the only @{" virus " LINK viruses} that infects the Desktop file. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Files" @TITLE "File Related Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}GENERAL FILE, FONTS & ICON PROBLEMS @{JLEFT} @{i}Is there a Mac utility that can convert Amiga IFF images to standard picture formats? @{ub} Yep! I recommend a shareware program called @{b}GraphicConverter,@{ub} it is capable of converting many different types of image file formats (SGI, Mac, PC and Amiga formats, to name a few). It also has image editing, slideshow and batch conversion features. Also note (to those who can afford it) that Photoshop 4.0 (last version that supports 68k CPUs) also caters for Amiga's IFF format - Photoshop 4 came out in the last quarter of 1997! @{ui} @{b}How do I make fonts available?@{ub} @{i}There are two methods; a simple way - for the occasional user; and one for managing a large number of fonts via 3rd party software. First, the simple method: gather up all the fonts you want to use, they must be either Macintosh Type1 fonts with it's suitcase (screen fonts), or Truetype fonts. Then move them into the System's Font folder, there is no need to restart the Mac, but you will need to quit and reload the programs you wish to use them with. Second method is to buy a commercial or shareware utility that will manage your fonts for you. These programs often allow you to open fonts that are not even on the same volume as the System Folder, so you can open and close them at the same time you are using a program. Here are a few products available; Symantec's @{b}Suitcase @{ub}(commercial), @{b}Master Juggler @{ub}(commercial), Adobe's @{b}ATM Deluxe @{ub}(commercial), or @{b}Font Manager @{ub}(shareware).@{ui} @{b}How can I secure data on my Mac?@{ub} You can either buy a commercial package, such as @{b}Norton Disklock, FileGuard @{ub}or @{b}Private File,@{ub} OR download a shareware program - these can take the form of a disk lock-out or a file encryption utility with a password protection. For 100% protection of sensitive data, I'd suggest you buy a commercial product (such as the one mentioned). To @{b}erase data @{ub}completely, you need a utility that overwrites the file with random binary so as to make it completely unreadable, as well as remove it from the disk's directory. Such as @{b}Norton Utilities' WipeInfo,@{ub} or by simply saving unimportant text/data of similar size or more over the original file via any program, but @{b}not @{ub}by placing a file of the same name over the original in the Finder. This will only delete the file from the hard disk's directory, and the confidential data will still be recoverable. @{b}I cannot get a file to open, how can I get it to load?@{ub} It is most likely a default dog-eared icon, which you won't be able to open by double clicking on it. Instead, load up the program you know can access it (if you know what type of file it is), THEN load-up the file via the Open dialogue box. If you don't know what program created it, then see @{" File Characteristics " LINK Finder} for information about the file Type code. If it does not load at all, then it may be damaged. However you could; 1) Restore a previous version from your backups. 2) If the file is text based, then you can recover most of the text by using Norton Disk Doctor's Recover File (only text can be recovered) feature. This will save the text into a separate file. 3) If it is a Quark Xpress document, then you can buy a repair program from Markzware, called @{b}MarkzTools2@{ub}. See their web pages: www.markzware.com. @{b}When I copy files across to other disks, they become corrupted, what can I do?@{ub} This can be caused by one of two things; bad blocks or the hard disk's max. transfer is set too high, a limit of 0X1FE00 = 128k is an average setting. Use HDToolBox (Amiga) to reset the limit, in the advanced options window. It could also be caused by faulty SCSI cables (internal or external), or the Mac's directory structure is damaged - run your repair program on the disk, just to make sure. And while you're at it, rebuild the Desktop(s) of your Mac hard disks. Scan your disks for viruses as well, it may have damaged the system file. @{b}How can I transfer files (large or small) from a PC to a Mac?@{ub} @{i}To physically transport the files from the PC to a Mac; 1) Email the file(s) to your self. 2) PC formatted Zip disk (use the PC Exchange control panel to mount it). 3) Syquest removable disks (use the PC Exchange control panel to mount it). 4) High density floppy disks (use the PC Exchange control panel to mount it).@{ui} If the file(s) are very big, you could split the archive over a number of floppy disks, then rejoin them once you've copied it onto the Mac. @{i}To make sure they are not corrupted, when copied onto alien filing systems: @{ui} 1) Copy them as they are, without modification. These type of files are cross platform compatible, such as, image file formats; JPEG, GIF, EPS, PCX and TIFF; text in ASCII format; and some program documents; Quark Xpress, MS Word, MS Excel, Pagemaker, Freehand, Adobe Illustrator, to name a few. However the file must have a 3 character extension, on the end of the file, for easy recognition. 2) As a hexadecimal encoded archive, known as a HQX file (this is it's dot file extension). This archive type uses ASCII characters to encode the data, which is also a universally recognised format, and therefore totally safe to store it until you can copy it to the destination computer. It usually necessary to compress the file first, because a HQX archive can and often does, increase the size of the original file by as much as 30%. It might be a good idea to encode large individual files so that they'll fit on a 1.4mb PC disk. Here are some programs that can encode and/or decode HQX files: -@{b}Stuffit Lite@{ub} (shareware) -@{b}Stuffit Deluxe@{ub} (Commercial) -@{b}Stuffit Expander@{ub} (freeware, expands .cpt .sit .hqx .uu & .bin files) -@{b}ZipIt@{ub} (shareware) -@{b}Compact Pro@{ub} (shareware) -@{b}BinHex 4&5@{ub} (freeware, expands/encodes HQX files only). 3) Use a cross platform compatible archive program, such as; -@{b}pkZip@{ub} (PC) and Zipit (Mac) -@{b}LHA@{ub} archive program (Mac shareware programs are available) -@{b}Stuffit@{ub} (both for PC & Macs). @{b}What type of compression formats are there for the Mac, and how can I recognise them?@{ub} There are 10 common archive formats for the Macintosh, and they usually add a 3 character extension onto the end of the filename, eg. archive.sit. @{b}Stuffit Expander@{ub} is THE program to have, it can expand 2 common Mac archive types, SIT & CPT, and 3 file conversion types, BIN, HQX & UU. You can download a free expander for all the other compression types, either from the publisher of the software or from any shareware site. See @{" here " LINK Software} for program, publisher and web site information. Extension TYPE code Compression program that created it@{ub} xxxx.bin.....MB2P......MacBinary format (combines the resource and data forks into one file). xxxx.dd......DD??.....Disk Doubler (??=other various characters). xxxx.cpt.....CPCT.....Compact Pro. xxxx.gz......Gzip.....MacGzip. xxxx.hqx.....ASCI.....BinHex (there are lots of other HQX creation programs on the internet) xxxx.pit.....PIT......PackIt. xxxx.sea.....APPL.....Self Expanding Archive (expands itself, when you double click it). xxxx.sit.....SIT!.....Stuffit Deluxe/Lite. xxxx.uu......UU??.....UUencoded file, a bit like HQX archives in nature. xxxx.zip.....ZIP......Zipit (is PC pkZIP compatible). @{b}How can I tell what type of file this dog-eared page icon is?@{ub} As you may have already found out, it is useless to double click on a file which has reverted back to a default document icon, it simply won't launch any program. This is what you can do to correct the problem; rebuild the entire desktop or use Norton Utilities v3+ to update a single file or files. This feature can be found in the menu of Norton's Disk Doctor, under the heading "Add file to Desktop". If this does not produce an icon, then either you don't have the program that created the file (see @{" File Types & Creators " LINK Finder} on how icons are created), or the file in question has no Creator code in it's Finder flags. However, you can view it's codes by using Norton Utilities, on the main menu screen, look in the File menu for "Get Info For.." and highlight it, now find and select the file. The Creator or file Type may give you a good indication as to what it is, for example, File Type = JPEG, this means that the file is an image format. There is a database document for the Mac, called @{b}Type/Creator Database@{ub} which can be found on any Macintosh shareware internet site, or go to the authors site: @{b}www.anglefire.com/il/szekely/index.html@{ub} @{b}How come all of the icons on my hard disks have defaulted to generic icons?@{ub} The Desktop file which stores information about all the icons on that hard disk has either become corrupted or it cannot update it any more, due to a bad block or bad Desktop file. All you need to do is to rebuild the Desktop file. To do this, you have to restart the Mac and then hold down the Alt+Amiga (any combination) keys just before the last extension is loaded. The Finder will detect this key combination, and will ask you if you want to rebuild the desktop for the main system disk and then for any other mounted volumes, everything should be back to normal. If the Desktop fails to rebuild, you need to make the current invisible "Desktop DB" and "Desktop DF" files visible, these are located in the root directory. Use a File editor such as Norton Disk Doctor or FileBuddy to switch off the invisibility Finder flag, and then put them into the Trashcan. Then restart, the Finder should generate the Desktop file automatically. Now, empty the Trashcan. TIP: If an application defaults to a generic form, you do not need to rebuild the entire desktop. Use any program that can add a file to the desktop, such as Norton Disk Doctor 3.5x, and update just the application with this feature. The rest of the apps associated files and documents will appear properly upon the next reboot. @{b}Some fonts don't appear to work, or I cannot move them out of it's suitcase or folder?@{ub} It is more than likely that the bitmap or truetype font(s) in the suitcase (commonly known as a screen font if used inconjunction with Postscript Type-1 fonts, or Printer fonts) are damaged or do not work properly. This type of error does not effect the Printer fonts, they are separate files. There or two manual ways to find out if a font does not work; @{b}a)@{ub} Try to move the suitcase to another folder, if an error message appears, then the suitcase is corrupted, or it won't let you move individual font sizes out of the suitcase - both good indicators that the suitcase is damaged, and usually cannot be repaired. @{b}b)@{ub} Look inside every suitcase that is normally loaded up, including the System's Font folder, then double click on each font size icon to view the font style & size. Now see if all of the fonts inside the suitcase show the proper font. A bad font will always display a default font, such as Geneva. A dead give-away is that an italicised font is not only a generic font but also not in italics. There is a way to get rid of any suitcases that refuse to be moved, simply create a file with the same name as the suitcase and move it into the same folder as the damaged file, it should overwrite it. Just in case the System does not allow you to do this, you can use a file eraser utility, ie. Norton Utilities-Wipe Info. You may have to startup with all extensions disabled first. On a further note: check that the @{b}Adobe Type Manager@{ub} (ATM) control panel (if you are using it) has enough allocated memory for rendering text, something like 256k or above is usually adequate. While I'm on the subject of ATM, is it functioning properly? This is another possible as to why fonts are not displaying properly. The only way to tell, is that large on-screen type is not being rendered accurately. Extremely blocky type means that ATM has been switched off or it is damaged, you may have to reinstall ATM again. @{b}How can I make an invisible file, visible?@{ub} You need a utility to edit the file's Finder flags, such as @{b}File Buddy @{ub}(shareware) or @{b}Norton Utilities@{ub} (under File menu "Get Info for.."). I suggest you only switch on/off the "invisible" flag only, the meddling with any of the other flags could damage the file. See @{" File Characteristics " LINK Finder} for more info concerning Finder flags and what they do. @{b}How can I retrieve deleted files?@{ub} Use @{b}Norton Utilities@{ub} Filesaver and Unerase features, to manage deleted files. Filesaver remembers up to 500 files that have been erased. However, over a period of time, ie. up to 2 days of constant use, the oldest binned files will be over-written by the Mac, so if you need recover a trashed file, you better rescue it soon. If a directory search does not recover the entire file, you'll have to revert to a backup. @{b}How can I convert a special text document, eg. Word, into another format?@{ub} You need a text file type converter program, such a @{b}MacLink+@{ub} from Dataviz (which can be found on the System 7.53 CD) or similar program. This program will convert any supported word processor formatted doc into a similar Mac format. The only other way, is for the person who sent it, to resave it as an ASCII text file. This would remove any text formatting, or you could open this document with a text editor and remove the junk surrounding the text by hand, and then resave it. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Infection" @TITLE "Virus Symptoms/Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}VIRUS INFECTIONS & SYMPTOMS @{JLEFT} What is the safest way to eradicate a virus on my Mac?@{ub} First you need a good, up-to-date virus checker. There are about 3 commercial packages: -@{b}Norton AnitiVirus@{ub}, from Symantec. -@{b}Dr Solomans AntiVirus@{ub}, from Dr Solomans. -@{b}Virex@{ub}, from Datawatch. and 2 shareware programs: -@{b}Disinfectant 3.71@{ub}, is freeware, but was discontinued in July 1998. OK for starters, but it doesn't recognise all viruses. -@{b}VirusScan@{ub} from McAfee, this is shareware, and recognises most viruses. -There are quite a few virus specific eradicators on the internet. While you wait for the anti-virus software, there are a few simple steps you can take to prevent any further damage (remember, you could have a really nasty virus that could either destroy files, or format the disk). You can; not use your Mac emulator, full stop, or use a boot disk that cannot be infected by a virus, eg. a bootable CD-ROM disk. If you do use your Mac this way, don't launch any programs on the infected disk, as all of the executable software will no doubt be infected, and will cause further damage/infection. Do not copy any files off the infected disk either, some viruses infect documents/files as well. If you really need them, make sure the destination Mac has a virus scanner on it, so that the diskette can be repaired. Once you have it, you need to create an anti-virus bootable floppy disk, and it has to be @{b}write protected@{ub}, otherwise the virus will infect the floppy disk and all software on it, making it ineffective. Do this on a "clean" Mac, in other words one that you @{b}know@{ub} is free from any virus. Then scan @{b}all@{ub} other floppy disks and removable HDs. All you have to do now, is to set up the software, to make regular checks of the hard disk and to automatically check any disks that are mounted on the desktop. @{JCENTER}@{b}SYMPTOMS @{JLEFT} I'm experiencing; unexpected delays; some of my files have disappeared or won't open; and long disk accesses. What the hell is going on?@{ub} There is a destructive virus on your Mac. Get an anti-virus program immediately. If you don't have an up-to-date virus detection program, all you can do is to switch off the Mac, until you receive the software. This will render the virus inoperable for the duration. When you have the anti-virus utility, make sure the emergency disk is write protected, so that the virus cannot infect it, otherwise it'll be completely pointless trying to repair files with an infected disk/program. Check all your Macintosh disks, so that it is utterly eradicated. Don't forget to use your backups with caution, as these may also contain infected programs/files, depending on when the virus got onto the hard disk. See @{" Viruses in Detail " LINK Viruses}. @{b}What does "This disk needs minor repairs" mean, and what should I do?@{ub} It could be a virus misinforming you to write enable it, so that it can infect the disk, sneaky or what! Instead, cancel the requester and eject the disk, then restart the computer with all extensions disabled (this will not disable the virus, but will reduce further infection just a bit). Now scan your main hard disk with an anti-virus program. Also scan the floppy disk for good measure. If you know for definite, that a virus is not the cause, then repair it with the Finder (iffy method), or use your disk repair utility (recommended method). @{b}Some applications refuse to launch, or crashes, how come?@{ub} Some old programs may not work with @{i}later Mac operating systems, or the program is incompatible with the Amiga's processor, particularly 68000/040/060s.@{ui} I strongly recommend you get an up-to-date version of that software. It could be a virus attack. Most viruses charge or damage the code in every program it infects, rendering it either @{i}unusable@{ui} or unstable. Once you have completely eradicated the infection, I suggest you bin the useless applications, then install them again. See the section on @{" Crashing " LINK Crashing} for more information. @{b}Virus Facts & Information@{ub} @{i}@{b}The European Institute for Computer Anti-Virus Research (EICAR) @{ub} http://www.eicar.org/ @{b}Mac Viruses FAQ @{ub} http://www.cis.ohio-state.edu/hypertext/faq/usenet/computer-virus/macintosh-faq/faq.html> http://www.faqs.org/faqs/computer-virus/macintosh-faq/ http://emt.doit.wisc.edu/macvir/macvir.html http://www.macvirus.com/reference/ http://webworlds.co.uk/dharley/ @{b}Symantec Antivirus Research Centre - Virus Encyclopedia @{ub} http://www.symantec.com/avcenter/vinfodb.html @{b}Mac Virus @{ub} http://www.macvirus.com/reference/viruses.html @{b}Network Associates (was McAfee Associates) - Virus Information Library @{ub} http://www.nai.com/vinfo/ http://www.nai.com/vinfo/f_13707.asp @{b}University of Hamburg, Virus Test Centre, Macro Virus List (THE definitive listing) @{ub} ftp://agn-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/texts/macro/ http://agn-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/vtc/eng.htm OR ftp://ftp.informatik.uni-hamburg.de/pub/virus/texts/viruses/ ftp://agn-www.informatik.uni-hamburg.de @{b}Dr Solomon's Mac Viral Zoo - Virus Encyclopedia @{ub} http://www.drsolomon.com/products/virex/zoo/maczoopg.html @{b}Dr Solomon's Software Ltd @{ub} http://www.drsolomon.com/vircen/enc/ @{b}Central Command @{ub} http://www.avpve.com/viruses/macro/ @{b}Data Fellows @{ub} http://www.datafellows.com/macro/ @{ui} @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "WWW" @TITLE "Internet Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}INTERNET CONNECTION PROBLEMS@{ub} @{JLEFT} @{i}To find out more information on Open Transport, Classic Networking and where to download relevant files and software updates, click @{" here " LINK WWWinfo}.@{ui} @{b}What software do I need to connect to the internet? @{ub} @{i}You have two choices, @{b}Classic Networking @{ub}(CN) or @{b}Open Transport @{ub}(OT). Both require certain Control Panels and Extensions, as listed below: @{b}CLASSIC NETWORKING... MacPPP @{ub}and @{b}ConfigPPP @{ub}(Control Panels), or @{b}FreePPP @{ub}(Control Panel), @{b}MacTCP @{ub}(Control Panel). @{b}OPEN TRANSPORT...@{ub} Open Transport @{b}PPP @{ub}(Control Panel) or @{b}FreePPP @{ub}(Control Panel), @{b}Modem @{ub}(Control Panel), and @{b}TCP/IP @{ub}(Control Panel). Open Transport v1.1 Extensions: @{b}Open Tpt AppleTalk Library, Open Tpt Internet Library, Open Transport Library, OpenTptAppleTalkLib, OpenTptInternetLib, OpenTransportLib.@{ub} @{b}How do I get my modem "on-line"? @{ub} You will find that @{b}Classic Networking @{ub}will work much better than Open Transport, for most Mac emulation setups - use Open Transport, only as a last resort! Go to the PPP control panel (whatever it is you're using), and press the @{b}Connect @{ub}button. Now you can use your internet browser, email or newsgroup program, that's it! Assuming of course that you have setup the PPP control panel correctly, ie. you've supplied all the relevant data into it. Also make sure that the modem port is free, as in, the printer is not currently setup to use that port at the moment - if it is, switch off the printer and plug in the modem and switch it on, then retry connecting via the PPP control panel. @{b}Where do I type in the settings for internet access? @{ub} The two control panels you'll need to setup are the TCP/IP (Transport Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) and PPP (Point of Presence Protocol). All settings are saved in these two, however in OT, it has a modem control panel, which stores information on the exact modem you're using. Please note that FreePPP will work with both CN and OT standards, except that it will be a little slower under OT, due to it not being fully OT optimised. Don't forget that in MacOS 8, it has a program that will take the hassle out of setting up internet access, it is called @{b}Internet Setup Assistant,@{ub} and can be found in the Apple menu (or do do a search via the Find command in the File menu, in the Finder). You still need to know information about your Internet Provider and your modem etc, so that you can type it in the relevant boxes. @{b}What type of files can I download from the internet? @{ub} You have two choices; as an archive, or as "is" (unarchived and unencoded). There are many different types of archive that are pretty much standard on Macs: HQX, MacBinary, Zip, Compact Pro, Stuffit, UUencoded and Disk Doubler being the most common. Some files can be transported as they are, because they do not have a resource fork, only a data fork, therefore they cannot be damaged when transported onto different platforms. The type of files I've managed to download from the net, onto my Amiga, and then onto my Mac, are: PDF (Adobe Acrobat) files; SIT (Stuffit), GZIP, ZIP and LHA archive files; all types of image files (they really need a 3 character extension on the filename, for file type recognition). There may be others, but you're best sticking to these file types, and archiving any files your not sure about, before you upload them. See @{" File Problems " LINK Files} for further information on transferring files to/from a foreign platform, and about archive types that are used on the Mac today. @ENDNODE @REM ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SECTION SEPARATOR ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ @NODE "WWWinfo" @TITLE "Useful Internet Related Information" @{b}@{JCENTER}INTERNET INFORMATION @{JLEFT}@{i} Downloadable Software @{ub} FreePPP and MacPPP can be obtained from: ftp://ftp.tibits.com/pub/tidbits/tisk/tcp/com/@{b}mac-ppp-201.hqx @{ub}or @{b}free-ppp-105.hqx.@{ub} -MacPPP & ConfigPPP is on the System 7.53 CD (v1.1). -@{b}http://www.info.apple.com/ @{ub}- Most of the CN extensions/control panels can be found here, or in the System 7.0/7.01 disk image sets. Open Transport can be found at/in: -the System 7.53 CD (v1.1). -the System 7.6 CD (v1.11). -the System 8.0/8.1 CD (v1.2) -@{b}http://www.info.apple.com/ @{ub}- Open Transport v1.x installer + associated files. -@{b}http://www.tucows.com/ @{ub}- OT updaters to v1.11 & v1.12. Internet browsers: -@{b}Internet Explorer @{ub} -@{b}Netscape Navigator @{ub}both can also be downloaded from a lot of internet sites, and from mag CDs. Emailers: -@{b}Endora Lite @{ub}- from most internet site, this is the shareware version (I think). -@{b}Endora @{ub}- is the commercial version, much more features than Endora Lite. Other commercial software: -@{b}CE Quickmail Pro @{ub}(£53) - commercial only. -@{b}CE Quickmail LAN @{ub}(£116) - commercial only. -@{b}Claris Emailer v2 @{ub}(£45) - commercial only. Modem Compatibility: Download an updater program called @{b}Modem Updater v1.3,@{ub} this contains the profiles of all modems known modems (v1.21 is for USA users), however you need the updater for your particular country: @{b}ftp://ftp.info.euro.apple.com/Apple_Support/Area/Apple.Software.Updates/English-British/Macintosh/ Modem/ @{ub}- the last few parts is obviously for us Brits! @{b}Open Transport PPP @{ub} System requirements: @{b}Open Transport v1.11 @{ub}or above, and Systems @{b}7.1, 7.11, 7.12, 7.53 @{ub} or later (Systems 7.5, 7.51 and 7.52 are @{b}not compatible),@{ub} and only TCP/IP control panel with work with OT PPP. Open Transport PPP can be downloaded from Apple's web site (www.info.apple.com) or from Tucows web site (www.tucows.com). @{b}Internet Config Extension @{ub} This extension comes as part of System 8, it is also freely downloadable from many Mac shareware sites. What this useful utility does (comes with a small program to setup your preferences) is to allow access to your personal internet setup to all other internet applications, saving you the hassle of having to setup each program individually. Most browsers, email etc, accept Internet Config as standard now a days. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Print" @TITLE "Printing Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}PRINTING PROBLEMS@{ub} @{i} For more info on printing, click @{" here " LINK PrintInfo}. For internet links to manufacturers printer driver web pages, click @{" here " LINK PrinterDrivers}. @{JLEFT} @{b}Why won't my printer print anything? @{ub} It is a known fact that printing in ShapeShifter is at best a lost art, it is very picky about how you've setup your System - Classic Networking will have better success than Open Transport will. If you have OT installed but not Classic, then I'd recommend you to reinstall your System Folder again, this time without OT (it stores OT code in the System file, which may interfere with the connection process to the printer, and a modem). I've tried OT and printing, and it doesn't work with my Epson Stylus 500, at all! As for Fusion, well, this is much less hassle to setup and get working 1) Check that the printer is switched on, cabled up properly, and the parallel port is selected in ShapeShifter's/Fusion's setup window, before you select the driver icon in the Chooser. 2) If it is a dot matrix printer, then you can try @{b}Chucks Printer Driver,@{ub} it can be downloaded from any internet site. It is basically a generic printer driver - it does work. 3) Did you get a Macintosh printer driver disk supplied with the printer? If you did, then all you need to do is to install/copy it into the System's Extensions folder. You should see it in the Chooser after you have restarted the Mac. It is imperative that you use a driver for your model of printer, otherwise it will not work properly. Many manufacturers supply their printer drivers on their web sites, so you may need to download the latest version. See their documentation for the web address, or go to "Peter's Amiga Homepage" at @{b}www.blizzard.u-net.com,@{ub} which contains a wide selection of printer driver links/URLs to either the manufacturer's web site or to 3rd party web pages.@{i} 4) Try an @{b}older @{ub}version of the driver. The one you're using could be incompatible with Mac emulation, or your particular version of MacOS. 5) Is the correct printer driver and the Printer Port, selected in the Chooser? If you don't select these in the Chooser, the data cannot be directed through the parallel port. Or you could try @{b}Power Print,@{ub} from Infowave, it allows you to use parallel printers - it's a lot like the Amiga's TurboPrint package. 6) Make sure AppleTalk is Inactive. If it is On, switch it off via the Chooser, and restart the Mac. 7) Are you using the correct version of Laserwriter, version 7.x is Postscript Level 1 compatible, while Laserwriter 8.x is Postscript Level 2 compatible. 8) You can only use Ethernet or parallel port compatible printers. @{b}I'm trying to print a document, but it keeps giving me error messages, or crashing? @{ub} It is highly likely that there is something wrong with the file that you're trying to print; 1) The doc is using a corrupt font - @{" See " LINK Files} @{b}"Some fonts don't appear to work.." @{ub}for info on how to find a damaged font suitcase. 2) Check the @{b}Page Setup,@{ub} has the correct printer settings. If you're using a PS printer, make sure the correct PPD (or whatever description file you're using) is selected. 3) If you are using Background Printing, the spooled print job file may be damaged - delete it and try it again. If this still doesn't work, run a disk repair program on the System hard disk. 4) You may be trying to use PostScript fonts on a non PostScript printer, only Truetype fonts work with bitmap and PostScript printers. 5) There may be a corrupt element in the document you're trying to print. Resave the doc with a different filename, or copy all elements out and into a brand new document, now try and print it. 6) There maybe a picture in the document that the printer is having trouble rendering. Try simplifying the image, ie. reduce the resolution/filesize of the pic, and/or reduce the number of colours it is using, say, to 256 colours. 7) Have you setup the Print options correctly... such as the proper paper size eg. A4 (sometimes called Letter), and the correct printer dpi. @{b}Can you print using an Ethernet card and compatible printer, in SS/Fusion? @{ub} Yes, provided you have set up all the networking equipment correctly (the Amiga Ethernet card, the Amiga driver software, plus cables), for ShapeShifter and Fusion. You should be able to set up Ethernet software from 7.1 with the Tune-up updater, up to 7.55 with classic networking (no Open Transport). Open Transport requires System 7.5 and above, this is probably much easier to setup, than classic network software. @{b}by John Blyth (Australia) @{ub} As for Ethernet compatible printers, most of them are Postscript (PS) laser printers, although they are quite hard to find they are gradually growing in number. I'll list a few: -Apple Laserwriter IIG -Epson Stylus Colour1520....1440dpi A2 PS colour inkjet...........£451 ex VAT -GCC Elite 12/600............600dpi B&W A4 PS laser printer.......£849 " -GCC Elite 1212.............1200dpi B&W A4 PS laser printer.......£999 " -GCC ELite XL616.............600dpi B&W A3 PS laser printer......£1299 " -Lexmark SC1275..............600dpi Colour A4? PS laser printer..£2419 " NOTE: It is impossible to print via LocalTalk, on a standard Amiga.@{ub} @{b}Do I need any special software for Ethernet printing to work? @{ub} Yes, just the printer driver software for your make of printer. Postscript printing via an Ethernet card to either a directly connected printer, or even a networked printer, all work as per standard Mac OS printing procedures; everything is handled by the driver. It will also work with Desktop Printer icons. @{b}by John Blyth (Australia) Do I require a PPD file for my printer? @{ub} No. Only Postscript Level 2 printers use PPDs, all other types of printer just require it's printer driver. The printer driver always affects how the Print window will look, it is different for all makes of driver, in layout and what options are available to you.@{ui} @{JCENTER}@{b}POSTSCRIPT PRINTING PROBLEMS @{JLEFT}@{i} Laserwriter 8.x doesn't work with System 7.6x, how come? @{ub} All 68k Macs cannot use Laserwriter v8.43 in System 7.6 without the @{b}CFM-68k Runtime Enabler v4 @{ub} extension installed in the System Folder. This applies to all versions of Laserwriter v8.4 and upwards. This extension may also be worth while installing for older versions of Laserwriter v8.x, it'll reduce crashing to an absolute minimum. Look in Apple's web site (www.apple.com) to download some later versions of Laserwriter 7 and 8. Note: System 8.x does not require this extra extension, as it is now built into the System file. @{b}Nothing will output from my laser printer, or the Mac crashs regularly when printing, why? @{ub} Some programs may not like your current version of Laserwriter 8 or PSPrinter, in which case use an older version. The oldest (but non buggy) versions I'd recommend using, are; Laserwriter v8.43 and/or PSPrinter v8.31. As for Laserwriter 7, use v7.2 or later. @ENDNODE @REM ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SECTION SEPARATOR ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ @NODE "PrintInfo" @TITLE "Useful Printing Information" @{JCENTER}@{b}PRINTING INFORMATION @{JLEFT}@{i} The Chooser @{ub} Allows you access to devices connected to a normal Mac's Modem or Printer ports (parallel or serial ports to you and me). It is also the only way to choose a printer as the current output device - you have to select a printer driver in the Chooser, before you can print anything. This is also where Background Printing and AppleTalk can be turned off or on. Amigas cannot support AppleTalk, because it is a hardware feature of real Macs. The left hand side of the Chooser window lists all available @{b}Printer Drivers, Network Drivers,@{ub} and any @{ub}other driver icon @{ub}that'll use the Printer and/or Modem Ports, except for modems, which only requires the PPP and TCP/IP Control Panels. Just click on any driver icon to activate it - now go to the right hand side of the window. This panel should list either the Modem or Printer port icons, if your printer is connected directly to your mac, or any networked printers, it should appear as a list. All you have to do is to highlight the printer name or the port it is currently connected to. If your network has @{b}Zones @{ub}(individual network groups that are connected together), then these will appear underneath the printer and network driver panel. To select a Zone, simply highlight the Zone name, and then go the right hand side again to make your printer or server selections again. @{b}Printer Drivers @{ub} All Mac compatible printers come with a floppy disk, with the printer driver on it (usually with an installer present). The Printer Driver always goes in the System Folder/Extensions, and is accessed via the Chooser (via the Apple icon menu). For every model of printer, there is usually a different printer driver for it, don't assume one will work with another similar make, because it won't. At the moment there are two Postscript (PS) Level 2 printer drivers that work with every PS printer, and they are Apple's @{b}Laserwriter 8 @{ub}and Adobe's @{b}PSPrinter.@{ub} Laserwriter v7.x will only work with Postscript Level 1 printers. Also note, that some programs prefer PSPrinter rather than Laserwriter, such as Pagemaker (also from Adobe). The best versions of these two postscript printer drivers, are: Laserwriter v7.2 upwards, Laserwriter v8.34 upwards and PSPrinter v8.31 and above (Laserwriter 8.4+ requires the @{b}Finder Scripting Extension,@{ub} in order to work properly) - these have must of the bugs ironed out of them. To get the latest version, visit Apples web site: @{b}www.info.apple.com/ Printing Software PowerPrint v4.0 @{ub}($99) is a software package that is similar to the Amiga's TurboPrint package, basically what it allows the Mac to print to serial or parallel port compatible printers. See Infowave's web site: @{b}www.infowave.net.@{ub} Note that the latest version (4.5) @{b}requires @{ub}that you use the Mac to PC cable converter, this will not work on the Amiga, instead try and get v4.0. Another useful utility from Infowave is @{b}StyleScript @{ub}(£70). This program allows you to use Postscript with Postscript incompatible inkjet printers - it basically converts the PS language into a bitmap image before it goes to the printer. @{b}Background Printing @{ub} This spools the print job to the hard disk and then proceeds to send the data to the printer as a background task, allowing you to do other things. The program that usually handles this is @{b}Print Monitor @{ub}(an Apple program), which is located in the Extensions folder. To enable background printing, either call up the Chooser in the Apple menu, and click the @{b}On @{ub} button under the title @{b}Background Printing.@{ub} Or, when using Laserwriter 8.x, go to the "Print" window in any application, and select @{b}Background Printing,@{ub} in the pop-up menu and activate it from there. @{b}PPDs @{ub} These are Postscript Printer Description files, and are used inconjunction with Postscript Level 2 printers and the Laserwriter 8 printer driver. PPDs contain device specific information, so that you can setup certain options in any application, such as paper and resolution. Other types of printers do not require PPDs, just the printer driver in the Chooser window. @{b}Desktop Printer Icons @{ub} These are introduced in System 7.6 upwards, they allow easier access to printer selection and printing of documents via drag and drop. @{b}PostScript @{ub} Is an industry standard printer language. It describes an entire document (when sent to the printer) as a list of instructions, which explains how the page(s) should be printed. This means it is "resolution independant", as in it can be scaled and output in any number of different ways and still retain it's EXACT layout without any loss what's so ever. @{b}Printer Fonts @{ub} This term actually refers to the Postscript fonts (stored on your hard disk). These are downloaded to the printer, at the same time you send your document. You can always tell if a file is a Postscript font, by the icon, and by it's "kind" in the Get Info window. @ENDNODE @REM ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SECTION SEPARATOR ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ @NODE "PrinterDrivers" @TITLE "All Major Printer Manufacturers & Their Printer Driver Web Pages" @{JCENTER}@{b}PRINTER DRIVER WEB PAGES@{ub} @{i} This is a complete list of manufacturers, and where you can download their printer drivers. @{JLEFT} @{b}Apple @{ub} http://www.apple.com/laserwriter/ @{b}Atari @{ub} http://www.lapd.demon.co.uk/ @{b}Brother @{ub} http://www.brother.com/eu-printer/dlupdate.html @{b}Canon @{ub} http://www.europe.canon.com/drivers/printers/ @{b}Citizen America @{ub} http://www.citizen-america.com/drivers/index.htm @{b}C.Itoh @{ub} ftp://www.citoh.com/ @{b}Dataproducts @{ub} http://www.dpc.com/market/tec_drvr.html @{b}Digital @{ub} http://www.pc.digital.com/~ftp/options/printer/digital/ @{b}Epson Printer @{ub} http://www.epson.co.uk/support/download/ @{b}Fargo @{ub} http://www.fargo.com/support/driver_list.html @{b}GCC Technologies @{ub} http://www.gcctech.com/support/swol.html @{b}Hewlett Packard @{ub} http://www.hp.com/cposupport/nonjsnav/prhome.html Printer driver name: @{b}HPDJ 3.1 - By Marius Lichte (Germany)@{ub} @{b}IBM @{ub} http://www.printers.ibm.com/driver.html @{b}Kyocera @{ub} http://www.kyocera.co.uk/htdocs/drivers.htm @{b}LaserMaster @{ub} http://www.lasermaster.com/tech/arch.html @{b}Lexmark @{ub} http://drivers.lexmark.com/drivers.nsf @{b}Microsoft Printer @{ub} http://www.microsoft.com/uk/ @{b}NEC Printer @{ub} http://cssweb.nectech.com/drivers/printers.htm @{b}Okidata @{ub} http://www.okidata.com/drivers/drv-main.html @{b}Panasonic @{ub} http://www.panasonic.com/host/support/drivetop.htm @{b}Olivetti @{ub} http://www.olivettilexikon.com/uk/software/index.html @{b}Olympus Printer @{ub} http://www.olympusamerica.com/printers/downloads/download.html @{b}QMS @{ub} http://www.qms.com/www/QMS_Soft.html @{b}Star Micronics @{ub} http://www.starmicronics.com/ @{b}Radio Shack @{ub} http://support.tandy.com/soft.htm @{b}Tektronics @{ub} http://www.tek.com/Color_Printers/ @{b}Texas Instruments @{ub} http://www.ti.com/printer/docs/p20a.htm @{b}Toshiba @{ub} http://www.toshiba.com/ @{b}Xerox @{ub} http://www.xerox.com:80/soho/drivers.html @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Network" @TITLE "Network Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}NETWORKING PROBLEMS CONNECTING TO A MAC NETWORK@{ub} @{JLEFT}@{i} To find out more information on Open Transport, Classic Networking and where to download network related software updates, click @{" here " LINK NetworkInfo}. @{b}Can I use Amiga Ethernet with Mac emulation? @{ub} Yes, as long as you don't want to use any TCP/IP based programs simultaneously, because the hardware doesn't appear to be able to discern between the Mac & the Amiga (they both want the same hardware address for the same sort of packets). AppleTalk/Ethertalk, AMIGA TCP/IP and the Mac based Novell (nds) client will all happily coexist. The Novell client for the Mac does require ShapeShifter 3.9 to work fully (its fairly sensitive to the internal Ethernet calls). You also have to manually choose the right protocol in the MacIPX control panel (it sometimes gets stuck - just delete the MacIPX prefs and start again). @{b}by John Blyth (Australia) @{b}What software do I need for networking? @{ub} You have two choices, @{b}Classic Networking @{ub}(CN) or @{b}Open Transport @{ub}(OT). Both require the standard MacOS Ethernet driver extensions, and Open Transport or Classic Networking control panels; @{b}CLASSIC NETWORKING... Control Panels: MacPPP+ConfigPPP @{ub}or @{b}FreePPP,@{ub} @{b}MacTCP, Users & Groups,@{ub} and @{b}Sharing Setup.@{ub} Extensions: @{b}Ethertalk Phase 2, Network Extension, File Sharing Extension @{ub}and @{b}AppleShare.@{ub} @{b}OPEN TRANSPORT...@{ub} Control Panels: @{b}PPP @{ub}or @{b}FreePPP, Modem, TCP/IP, Users & Groups,@{ub} and @{b}Sharing Setup.@{ub} Open Transport v1.1 Extensions: @{b}Open Tpt AppleTalk Library, Open Tpt Internet Library, Open Transport Library, OpenTptAppleTalkLib, OpenTptInternetLib, OpenTransportLib.@{ub} Other Extensions: @{b}Ethertalk Phase 2, Network Extension, AppleShare,@{ub} and @{b}File Sharing Extension,@{ub} and @{b}Printer Share @{ub}(if you plan to share the printer connected to your Amiga). *@{b}Do not @{ub}use these extensions: Ethernet CS, Ethernet NuBUS or Ethernet LC. Also, AppleShare versions @{b}3.64 @{ub}and @{b}3.65 @{ub}in System 7.6x, it will cause ShapeShifter (any version) to freeze, use v3.62 from System 7.53-7.55. @{b}*by John Blyth (Australia) How do I connect to a network, via Classic Networking? @{ub} Make sure that you have installed the CN control panels, the Ethernet driver, and network server extensions (if you need it), and that your Ethernet card is working. Now go and open the @{b}Network @{ub}control panel, you should see the Ethernet/Ethertalk icon, select it it should tell you that the previous network connection is now unavailable, press OK (CN allows you to use only one type of network at any one time). Now open the @{b}MacTCP @{ub}control panel, and select the protocol you wish to use, Ethernet in this case (note that some internet settings are located here as well), click on the more button to fine tune your settings. You are now connected to the Ethernet network. If you get a message saying that you cannot connect to an Ethernet network, then check; 1) The Ethernet card is functioning properly. 2) ShapeShifter/Fusion, has the correct Ethernet driver is selected. 3) That you have all the appropriate extensions in your System Folder (see above). 4) The File Sharing control panel, it should have an Owner Name, and a Computer Name, if they don't, then filled them in (any name you like) - networking will not work without these user names. @{b}How do I connect to a network, via Open Transport? @{ub} Open the AppleTalk control panel, and select Ethernet from the pop-up menu (this will display all available communication ports open to you), now go into the Options screen and make any additional settings. Also check that the TCP/IP control panel's settings for Ethernet are also correct. You may need to get some information from your Network Administrator, such as passwords, and the current protocol that is in use. Check the File Sharing control panel has an Owner Name, and a Computer Name, if they don't, then fill them in with your name and the computer's name (it doesn't need to be anything specific). All you need to do now is to select a network service (Server or Printer etc) from the Chooser. @{b}Should I use Open Transport or Classic Networking software? @{ub} This depends on the emulator you're using. If you're using ShapeShifter, then Classic Networking will work - Open Transport just refuses to play along. However, if you're using Fusion, then you should be able to use both OT and CN. Again CN is much more compatible in emulation than OT. @{b}How do I connect to a single Mac? @{ub} This is done via the @{b}File Sharing @{ub}control panel. Check that AppleTalk is enabled (in the Chooser). Open the control panel called @{b}Network,@{ub} you have two choices, Localtalk or Ethertalk, select Ethertalk (it should display the AppleTalk and Ethertalk versions, also in this window). Your next port of call is the @{b}Sharing Setup @{ub}control panel. Enter the owner of the Mac and give it an unique name. This name will later be shown in the list of available Mac servers in the Chooser. All you have to do now is to click on the Start button in File Sharing, then restart the Mac. Note: whenever you disable or re-enable AppleTalk, you @{b}have to @{ub}restart the Mac. In the @{b}Users & Groups @{ub}Control Panel, give the guest account full access. Now enter the Chooser again and select the AppleShare Icon. In the right window there should be the other Mac Servers. Select the one you want to connect to and change the log-in from "registered user" to "guest". Now you have a list of all the volumes on this server that you can connect to. Now choose the volume you want to mount. The selected hard disk should immediately show up on the desktop. If all has gone to plan, you should be able to copy files to and from the "shared" volume or load programs directly from the other Mac. If you want to disconnect from the shared hard disk, all you need to do is to drag the volume's icon into the trashcan. @{b}By Marius Lichte (Germany) What is the best way to get it up and running, without much trouble? @{ub} 1) *Use the latest version of your emulation program, eg. ShapeShifter 3.10 or Fusion 3.1. 2) *Make sure your Ethernet setup is connected, and terminated. 3) You should be able to install OT on top of your present System, provided you do it via the installer, it will not work by simply copying the extensions over, since the System file needs modifying as well. CN just requires the appropriate control panels and Ethernet drivers. If you still have problems, especially with System 7.53/7.55, reinstall the System software again except this time install both OT and CN - don't forget that you need the Network Software Selector program, to switch between Open Transport or Classic Networking (which is also installed with OT). 4) *Don't use the AppleShare extension that comes with System 7.61 - if you propose to use your emulated Mac on a network under ShapeShifter up to 3.9, it'll freeze your Amiga when you bootup. To stop it from loading, press the SHIFT key right at the beginning of the startup sequence to disable all extensions. Take out MacOS7.61's AppleShare and put in an older version, eg. from System 7.55, and reboot. @{b}*by John Blyth (Australia) @{ui} @{JCENTER}@{b}CONNECTING TO A PC NETWORK @{JLEFT}@{i} How do I connect my Mac emulator to a Windows95/98 PC? @{ub} The problem here is to make both computers speak the same language. Macs use AppleTalk, while Windows uses SMB (Server Message Block). There are two ways to get these computers to talk: 1) Make Windows speak AppleTalk, by installing @{b}PC MacLAN @{ub}on the PC. PC MacLAN is a commercial software available from Miramar (info at: www.brainworks.de). There is also a time limited demo version you can download (it works with SS). 2) Make the Macintosh speak SMB, by installing @{b}Dave @{ub}on the Mac. Dave is a commercial software available from Thursby, (info at: www.thursby.com or www.prismaexpress.de). Unfortunately @{b}Dave doesn't work @{ub}very well in SS, it crashs a lot. @{b}By Marius Lichte (Germany) How do I connect my Mac emulator to a Windows NT4 Server? @{ub} This only works with the "NT4 Server" version. The Volume to be exported should be in NTFS Format because of the long filenames. Windows NT has Macintosh support already built-in. This can be installed under Network/Properties. Click Services and then ADD, then choose @{b}Services for Macintosh @{ub}in the upcoming list view. After the installation is complete, the NT Server shows up in Chooser/AppleTalk on the Mac. NT Volumes can be exported via the FileManager (MacFile/Create new volume) They are accessible in the same manner as MacVolumes. @{b}By Marius Lichte (Germany) How do I connect my Mac emulator to a Novell Netware Server? @{ub} I won't explain the installation of the Server here. This is recommended for advanced users as the installation is quite difficult. You'll want to connect to an existing Netware Server. Ask your Netware administrator if the Mac Namespace is enabled on the Server. First you need the Netware Installation CD. Insert it while ShapeShifter is running. Open the CD Icon and start the MacOS Clients Installer. Select @{b}Netware Client for MacOS.@{ub} After the Installation has completed restart the Mac. Check the status of MacIPX is running on Ethernet. The title bar should have a new symbol (the tree). Select configure to find your favourite Netware Server. Ask your Netware administrator about the entries in the context field. You can mount the Netware volumes on the Mac with the @{b}Netware Volume Mounter @{ub}in the folder @{b}Netware Client Utilities.@{ub} With the @{b}Netware Directory Browser @{ub}you can search the whole NDS tree for volumes and printers to mount. I have used this and it works very well, even under System 7.1. @{b}By Marius Lichte (Germany) @{b}How do I connect my Mac emulator to a Linux box? @{ub} I can't tell you anything about installation or usage, but only the required software for Linux. The software is called @{b}Macintalk,@{ub} It is part of many Linux distributions. Macintalk is, as all Linux software, free to use. @{b}By Marius Lichte (Germany) @{ub} @ENDNODE @REM ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ SECTION SEPARATOR ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ @NODE "NetworkInfo" @TITLE "Useful Networking Information" @{JCENTER}@{b}NETWORKING INFORMATION @{JLEFT}@{i} About Ethernet @{ub} There are two types of Ethernet (usually supplied on separate cards), they are; 10Base-T (10 megabits per second) standard Ethernet, and 100Base (100 megabits per second) fast Ethernet. Ethernet is just a type of hardware networking, it doesn't effect standard network protocols. Also, you only require the MacOS installed network extensions, and the Amiga's own drivers for the card, then all you have to do is set it up in Fusion or ShapeShifter. @{b}About Classic Networking @{ub} This can be installed on all Systems up to MacOS 7.55, it is still possible to use it in 7.6 to 8.1 (Open Transport (OT) is standard in these OSs), and you need the @{b}Network Software Selector @{ub}program, to switch between one or the other, you cannot use both OT & Classic Networking (CN) at the same time. It consists of two control panels and Ethernet system extensions (Apple drivers). Classic Networking is biased towards AppleTalk as it's main communications protocol, this meant that all other protocols were translated into AppleTalk, before being sent over the network. @{b}About Open Transport @{ub} Requirements: a 68030 processor or higher; compatible with Systems 7.1, 7.11, 7.12, 7.53 and above; and a minimum of 5mb of total RAM. Open Transport is much faster than Classic Networking, and is not biased towards any one protocol, instead, it supports them all. OT uses two control panels, AppleTalk instead of Network, and TCP/IP instead of MacTCP, plus all the OT library files (you may have less libraries with later versions of OT). Note that you cannot use OT and CN control panels at the same time, the System will remove both of the CN control panels after the next restart, permanently! Also note that you can use FreePPP with OT, instead of Open Transport PPP, but not both at the same time - do not mingle the two standards of networking, it'll cause a lot of crashing. The latest version that can be downloaded from the internet is v1.12 (this is only an updater), you need an installed version of Open Transport 1.1 or 1.11, to begin with. It can be obtained from, @{b}www.tucows.com @{ub}or @{b}www.info.apple.com.@{ub} and can be installed from these System CDs: @{b}System 7.53 CD (OT v1.1), System 7.6 CD (OT v1.2) @{ub}and @{b}System 8.0/8.1 CD (OT v1.3).@{ub} @{b}The Chooser @{ub} Is the only application that allows access to any networked printers and Server volumes. You can also turn Background Printing and AppleTalk on or off (Amigas do not support AppleTalk, because it is a hardware feature of real Macs). The left hand side of the Chooser window lists all available Printer and Network drivers, just click on the AppleShare driver icon to activate it - now go to the right hand side of the window. This panel should list all network Servers and any "shared" hard disks/volumes in your particular zone. To select a Server volume or shared hard disk, double click on the Server's name (the one that owns the volume you want to mount on your desktop), it will show another window with a list (assuming it is not password protected) of all the Server or Mac's partitions and hard disks. Highlight the ones you want (Shift+click) and press OK. They will now appear on your desktop, and should be fully accessible. If your network has more than one @{b}Zone,@{ub} eg. different departments with their own network, then these will appear underneath the printer and network driver panel. To select a Zone, simply highlight the Zone name, and then go the right hand side again to make your printer or server selections. @{b}File Sharing @{ub} This term actually describes an individual user enabling his Mac's hard disk to be accessed over a network, by all other networked users. This is NOT a File Server, but more of a temporary way to gain access to a specific hard drive. Also note, that when you share a disk (any local volume on that Mac), you can set certain privileges that other users have to use, eg. read-only, access to a specific folder or read & write to any part of the disk. This is all accomplished via th File Sharing control panel. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "MacOS" @TITLE "MacOS General Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}GENERAL MACINTOSH SYSTEM PROBLEMS @{JLEFT} @{b}Where can I download free Macintosh System software? @{ub} You can download a set of disk images from Apple's web site at: @{b}www.apple.com/products/.@{ub} Here's some directions for getting to the download page... while in the Products page, click on @{b}Software Downloads,@{ub} then click on @{b}Macintosh @{ub}which is for 68k Macintoshs. Once the this page is loaded, click on @{b}System,@{ub} then click on @{b}Older System @{ub}and finally click on @{b}System 7.0x @{ub}to display the list of complete Mac Systems available. If you require @{b}MacOS 7.0,@{ub} you need to download 8 floppy disk images, these are called; @{b}SSW 7.0-1of8.sea@{ub} up to @{b}SSW 7.0-8of8.sea.@{ub} If you require @{b}MacOS 7.01,@{ub} you need to download 6 floppy disk images, these are called; @{b}SSW 7.0.1-1of6.sea@{ub} up to @{b}SSW 7.0.1-6of6.sea.@{ub} If you require updaters for later MacOSs then you can download them from the main @{b}Software Download @{ub}page (see above for directions).@{i} @{b}SYSTEM 7.53 IS NOW AVAILABLE TO DOWNLOAD!! @{ub}Go to this web address (search engine): @{b}http://asu.info.apple.com/ @{ub}- and type "System 7.5" in the search field, this should give you the full set of System 7.5 related downloadable files, including most of the MacOS 7.5 updaters. Note that, System 7.53 consists of NINETEEN high density disk images. Also, make sure you select the correct country (in the Language pop-up menu in the Search page), before you start to download any files, otherwise you'll be using a System catered for the USA (the default setting).@{ui} @{b}How come there isn't a manual for MacOS 7.5 to 8.x?@{ub} A manual came with MacOS 7.0, all other OSs are in fact updates of this - even MacOS8 could be considered an update of System 7. After all, OS8 shares a lot of its appearance and features with System 7, so therefore it doesn't really need a manual - either way, this is what Apple have done, to the annoyance of it's users. However there is on-line help, in the form of an Apple Guide, look under the @{b}? @{ub}for "Macintosh Guide" in OS7.5x, and under the Help menu in OS8.x. @{i} There are other sources, such as: -Books: @{b} *The Macintosh Bible - 6th edition @{ub}(Peachit Press) @{b} *Guide to Macintosh System 7.5 @{ub}(Hayden) @{b} *MacWorld OS7.6 Bible @{ub}(IDG Books), or @{b} *The Mac OS8 Bible @{ub}(IDG Books) You can buy these on-line at: @{b}Computer Manuals,@{ub} web site: @{ui}@{b}www.compman.co.uk/as.cgi/768@{ub}. @{i}-Download PDF manuals/literature files: @{b} *FREE Guide.Macintosh @{ub}(freeware, from any web site) - contains a lot of useful info about MacOS. @{b} *Extension Overload @{ub}(shareware), has some info on MacOS, but not much. @{b} *InformINIT @{ub}(shareware), has quite a bit of info on MacOS. *Apple's Tech Library web site, it has hundreds of freely downloadable documentation, in PDF format. The web site is at: @{b}www.info.apple.com/support/sitemap.html @{ub}- then select "Apple Manuals" from the pop-up menu, this'll take you to a search web page, where you can browse or search for a particular document, by part code, title or content. Try these PDFs, they're worth a read! -@{b}Macintosh Reference @{ub}(Part No: n/a, Pages: 165, Filesize: 1s171K). -@{b}Mac OS 8 @{ub}(Part No: U-97609-001A, Pages: 52, Filesize: 748K). -@{b}Mac OS 8 Software Update @{ub}(Part No: 033-0609-A, Pages: 47, Filesize: 910K). -@{b}Macintosh System 7.5 (Update Manual) @{ub}(Part No: 96608-001A, Pages: 126, Filesize: 1084K). -@{b}PowerMac Emergency Handbook @{ub}(Part No: n/a). -Third party web pages: @{b} *www.mactimes.com/lowend/ @{ub} @{b} *www.webaccess.net/~mrpedri/index.html @{ub}- both have info on 68k Macs. @{b}How much memory does System 7.x and System 8.x take up? @{ub} System 7.0 to 7.55 will take up between 4 and 5 megabytes of RAM - this is for an average to heavy use of system extensions, of course, it could be slightly more, depending on your System setup. System 8 and 8.1, will take up about 200-300% more memory than MacOS 7.x. A minimum System, that is using only 10-20 or so extensions, will take up approximately 6-8mb, while a medium to average amount of system extensions (including Control Panels) will be anywhere between 10 and 15mb of RAM! So, if you're thinking of installing MacOS 8 at some point, it's best to upgrade your RAM as well - I think 16mb, allocated to Mac emulation, under System 8, is the bare minimum. 32mb @{b}or more @{ub}(total memory in your Amiga) is best for heavy Mac use. @{b}Will Mac emulation suffer from Memory Fragmentation, as real Macs do? @{ub} Yes and no. Although there will be a small amount of fragmentation (lost memory or "memory leakage"), you really shouldn't be that concerned, as the Amiga handles fragmentation very well. This means that you can quit any program, in any sequence, at will, and you'll still have 99% of your allocated memory available. Note that, in emulation, the amount of lost memory is measured in a few kilobytes, rather than megabytes on real Macs! @{b}Is there a utility that can display exactly what is currently in memory, for the Mac? @{ub} Yes there is. What you need, is a utility called @{b}Memory Mapper @{ub}from Street Logic Software. This neat program, displays all programs and the System currently in use, by name and by a coloured graph, try it! @{b}Is it possible to "de-activate" a System Folder, manually? @{ub} Yes, just place the @{b}Finder @{ub}program in the Trashcan (you won't be able to bin it). Unfortunately you won't be able to boot-up from that partition anymore, so you'd better make sure you have a bootable disk to hand, just in case it crashes. This is the manual version of doing a "clean install" (a feature in System 7.6 to 8.1), this can be useful, if you want to keep all your previous 3rd party extensions while a new System is installed! @{b}AppleTalk can cause problems.@{ub} This is a hardware feature in real Macs, and may cause delays a first, especially during startup. Best to switch off AppleTalk as soon as you bootup from a newly installed System. You can do this by calling up the Chooser (in the Apple icon menu) and click on the Off button, under AppleTalk.@{ui} @{b}Which MacOSs work with ShapeShifter @{i}& Fusion? @{ui}@{ub} You have a few choices, but all of them start from System 7 upwards. -@{b}System 7.0 @{ub} -@{b}System 7.01 @{ub}to update it, use System 7 Tuner and Sound Manager v3. -@{b}System 7.1@{ub} -@{i}@{b}System 7.1P, 7.1P1, 7.1P2, 7.1P3, 7.1P5, 7.1P6 @{ub}(for Performas) @{ui} -@{b}System 7.11@{ub} & @{b}7.11(Pro) @{ub} -System 7.12 (for @{b}Power Macs @{ub}only) @{ui} -@{b}System 7.5, 7.51, 7.52 -System 7.53,@{ub} only works with ShapeShifter v3.5 and above. -@{b}System 7.55,@{ub} works very well with all 68k processors. -@{b}System 7.6/7.61,@{ub} this can be troublesome, otherwise it's alright. -@{b}System 8.0/8.1,@{ub} will only work with @{b}Fusion 3.1@{ub} and @{i}@{b}ShapeShifter 3.10.@{ub} -@{b}System 8.5 @{ub}and above, will only work with @{b}PPC Macs.@{ub}@{ui} @{i}System 7.0 & 7.01, plus all updates; 7.11, 7.51, 7.52, 7.53, 7.55, 7.61 and 8.1 @{ui}can be downloaded from Apple's web site; @{b}www.apple.com@{ub} (see the next question for the exact path). Be sure to download the System upgrade for your @{b}country@{ub}. See the @{" ROMs " LINK ROMs} section for the entire list of 68k Macintoshs, and supported System versions. @{b}How should I go about installing a new Mac System over my old one?@{ub} @{b}Installing a MacOS7.6 or 8.x @{ub} I recommend you do a "clean installation" of any radically new MacOS, eg. from Systems 7.0 to 7.5, or 7.6 to 8.0. However, you do not need to perform a clean installation for System patches, ie. System 7.5 to 7.55, all it does is upgrade the System file, Finder and some extensions. If you're installing System 7.6 or 8.x, the installer will do all the hard work for you, but only if you select "Custom Install" or "Install new System Folder" (in Options). It simply deactivates the old System, and installs a new System8/7.6 Folder next to it. @{b}Installing MacOS7 to 7.55 next to an old or damaged System Folder@{ub} Do not install directly into an old System folder, I strongly recommend you install it as a completely new System Folder, so that all your 3rd party extensions and control panels do not load up the first time round (some of them may be incompatible with the new OS). Before you perform installation, you'll have to put the old System Folder into the Trashcan - but do not empty it. Then install the new MacOS onto the same hard disk as the old one, and 'bingo!', you now have a new, and upgraded System. @{b}How can I install a system folder on a newly setup ShapeShifter/Fusion hard disk?@{ub} If you've bought a copy of System 7.53 or 7.6, then you can boot off the CD and install the System that way. Note: Only @{b}Fusion@{ub} can use System 8.x. Or you could ask a friend for a temporary installation from his/her disk(s), until you can get hold of your own copy of MacOS. You could get a version of System 7.01 off Apple's web site, which is free. You need a Mac disk image converter program, so that you can create a set of System installation disks, also found on their web site. However, transferring this to the Mac side will be next to impossible without a bootable floppy disk (high density disks only) or a minimal system on a "hard disk file", which you can also download off the internet, try Aminet or a web site dedicated to Mac emulation for the Amiga. Or you could use a commercial program that's on CD with a bootable system on it, ie. only @{b}Norton Utilities 3.5@{ub}, has MacOS 7.61 on it. Alternatively you could get a friend who has a real Macintosh or an emulated one, to convert the downloaded files for you, as a set of System disks. If you don't have any System disks (floppy or CD version), I strongly recommend you to buy a copy, these days it's on CD-ROM by default, but you can order a set of MacOS floppy disks. You need to buy the CD version to be able to order the diskettes. The CD has a bootable floppy disk (PowerPC and/or 680x0 versions) in the box anyway. @{b}Do I need an FPU for all Macintosh programs?@{ub} About 70% of 68k Macs have an FPU built-in. Most Mac software will use the FPU in some way, and may cause some programs to crash a lot. If your Amiga doesn't have an FPU, you can download a freeware control panel called @{b}SoftwareFPU@{ub} from the internet, this will emulate an FPU for you. @{b}How come my Mac's System is taking up most of the memory now?@{ub} This affects older versions of 68k Amigas (68000/020EC) & all System 7 revisions. These processors can only access 24bit memory or 8mb of RAM. In order for it to automatically detect memory above 8mb, you need to open the Memory control panel and switch @{b}32bit Addressing @{ub}to @{b}on,@{ub} then restart the Mac, that's it. @{b}All Macintosh Systems work with all Macs, right?@{ub} Wrong. All badges of Macintoshs are different - ROM versions are different, all Mac motherboards are different, and most Mac 68k processors are different. In order for the System to work on your Mac, you need to install a custom @{b}"System for this Macintosh",@{ub} for every version of the MacOS, from System 7.0-8.1. @{b}Is it possible to use virtual memory or RamDoubler in Mac emulation?@{ub} Not in @{b}any @{ub}version of ShapeShifter. But you can use the System's own virtual memory feature in Fusion, however I'm not sure whether RamDoubler works on either of those emulators, any comments? @{i} RAM costs less these days, so i suggest you go out and buy more memory, ie. 16mb will be quite cosy on the Mac with Workbench running, this is assuming you're not going to run any large programs. If you are going to use Mac emulation for serious work, then I recommend you have at least 32mb of RAM, the more the merrier - remember, Mac programs are memory hungry beasts.@{ui} @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Misc" @TITLE "Miscellaneous Problems Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}MISCELLANEOUS PROBLEMS & QUERIES @{JLEFT}@{i} How do I allocate more memory to a program? @{ub} Highlight the program's icon, and press Amiga+i, this will show you the @{b}Get Info @{ub} window. At the bottom of this window are the memory allocation boxes. Only amend the @{b}Preferred Memory @{ub}field, it and your figure should be bigger than the Suggested Memory number (values represent Kilobytes). Should you need to alter a program's memory allocation parameters which is located on a CD, such as Norton's Speed Disk (a disk optimiser), then what you need is @{b}AppSizer.@{ub} It can be downloaded from the any Mac web shareware site. It will allow you to edit the program's memory allocation. @{b}What if I don't have a high density floppy drive, can I use disk images? @{ub} Yes you can use images, although you may find this to be inconvenient and only a short term solution, so I suggest you save up for an external high density floppy drive for your Amiga. There are two popular Macintosh programs available at the moment, one is called @{b}Disk Copy v6.1 @{ub}from Apple, and the other is @{b}Shrinkwrap v3.x @{ub}from Aladdin Systems - both are available from the internet. Try these sites: @{b}www.shareware.com @{ub}(Shrinkwrap) & @{b}www.apple.com/support/ @{ub}(Disk Copy). These two programs can create, duplicate, lock/unlock and even mount any disk image onto the Desktop, this fools the Finder into believing they are real disks! They can also create disk images of CD-ROM disks, and just about any other disk type for that matter, just make sure you have enough hard disk space. @{b}Where can I get Adobe Type Manager (ATM)? @{ub} You can get ATM with Adobe Acrobat Reader v1 to v3.x. The latest version is v4.0. Certain Adobe software, such as Illustrator v6/v7, and Pagemaker v5 to v6 will have a copy of ATM included on the CD-ROM or floppy disks. Or simply buy @{b}ATM Deluxe.@{ub} Note: ATM is a control panel. The Acrobat Reader installer usually installs it in it's Fonts folder. Simply place it in the Control Panels folder to make it available for System wide use. @{b}How do I know which Mac programs are 68k compatible? @{ub} When you are about to buy any Mac software, make absolutely sure that it still supports 68k Macs. Some of the top packages are now switching over to PowerPC code only, such as @{b}Photoshop 5, Norton Utilities v4, Freehand 8, Illustrator 8 @{ub}and @{b}System 8.5.@{ub} I suggest you ring up the retailer or look in the software house's web site for confirmation of 68k compatibility. As for knowing which programs are PowerPC and which are 68k compatible, that's whole new ball game! To find out if it is a PPC application, is simple, just launch it. If it is PowerPC only, it will immediately display an error message, usually, error code -192. Some Mac software is often (but not always) handed to the public as a 'Fat' application - this means it has PowerPC and 68k code in the same file, so that it'll work on all Macs. As for seeing what type of code the program uses, externally, the only way to visually tell, is either via it's filename, eg. "Quark Xpress 4.0 PPC", or via the About window/loading screen, these may display information as to whether it is 100% 68k or Fat coded. @{b}I'm having problems with Norton Utilities 3.2 and System 7.6/8.x, is it incompatible? @{ub} Version 3.2 on it's own is not fully compatible with System 7.6x, you need to update it. Use the v3.24 updater, or use Norton v3.5, there is an updater on Symantec's web site: @{b}www.symantec.com.@{ub} Norton Utilities 3.5 will need to be updated to version 3.54, in order to be System 8 compliant. Search for "updater" and this will give you a list of all updaters for all versions.@{ui} @{b}Where's the Norton Utilities 3.5 manual?@{ub} @{i} Unfortunately Norton Utilities 3.5 does not have a physical manual, however you can download a PDF (Acrobat's Portable Document File) version of Norton Utilities 3.2 manual, from: @{b}ftp://ftp.symantec.com/public/english_us_canada/products/norton_utilities/ver3.5_mac/updates/ num-manual.pdf.hqx @{ub}- this is 6mb, and covers everything you'll need to know for v3.5.@{ui} @{b}Is it possible make floppy based install disks to work on a hard disk?@{ub} @{i} Yes, just make sure that you drag the entire disk onto the hard disk, so that all invisible files are copied also. Note that, some install disks only work from floppy disks, but it is always a good idea to make a backup copy of the disk, just in case it goes bad. This especially goes for anyone who has their only copy of the System software on floppies - make sure you have a "master" backup copy of the whole System disk set, you'll be glad you did, believe me! @{ui} @{b}Can I create/burn CDs with Mac emulation, and what do I need?@{ub} So long as you have a SCSI2 or better controller in your Amiga, and of course the equipment to make them; a CDR drive and a spare 650mb SCSI hard disk partition (remember, this includes the directory and desktop files). IDE/EIDE is not fast enough, and will corrupt data, as it is burnt onto the CD. The hard disk partition with the data you wish to burn onto a CD, can be anything up to the capacity of the CD you're burning, which at the moment is 650 megabytes. You may also require a fast 68k processor, depending on the software's requirements, say something like an 030 or better would be a safe bet! As for the software, I suggest a program called @{b}Toast CD-ROM Pro@{ub} v3.54 (probably updated since) from Adaptec, see their web site: www.adaptec.com. @{b}How can I convert PC truetype fonts to Mac truetype fonts?@{ub} Use a shareware program called @{b}TTconverter@{ub}, this utility will convert PC TTF fonts to Mac, and Mac TrueType fonts to PC format. It can be downloaded from any shareware internet site. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Maintenance" @TITLE "Maintenance & Protection Guidelines" @{JCENTER}@{b}MAINTENANCE & PROTECTION GUIDE @{JLEFT} How can I optimise or defragment my Mac hard disk?@{ub} The Norton Utilities' @{b}Speed Disk@{ub} is a good one to use, and is very safe. You can defragment individual files, as well as fully optimise any Macintosh disk. @{i}However Norton 3.5 will @{b}not @{ub}optimise HFS+ hard disks, see below for other possibilities, notably @{b}Disk Express Pro.@{ub}@{ui} Or you could do the simple trick of, copying everything off the HD, onto another HD or removable disk, rebuild it's desktop file (Amiga+Alt during startup or via Norton Disk Doctor). Then copy the files back over to the HD again, all files will be optimised and defragmented. @{i}TIP: ALWAYS backup the hard disk, and check the disk's integrity, before optimising.@{ui} Here are some other commercial programs that available; @{b}Spacemaker@{ub}: HFS to HFS+ while optimising the disk, from Total Recall Software. @{b}PlusMaximiser@{ub}: Advanced HFS+ formatting software, from Alsoft. @{b}PlusMaker@{ub}: HFS to HFS+ conversion, from Alsoft. @{b}PlusOptimiser@{ub}: HFS/HFS+ optimiser, from Alsoft (www.alsoft.com). @{b}Disk Express Pro@{ub}: HFS+ optimiser with lots of features. @{i}@{b}TechTool Pro 2: @{ub}It has HFS/HFS+ optimising only, however it cannot defrag individual files. @{ui} @{b}What else can I do to protect my disk and files?@{ub} To prevent future disasters, I recommend that you take these actions: @{b}BACKUPS@{ub} Regular backups - I do mine every 2 weeks, of course it all depends on how often you use your Macintosh, you could do one; every day, twice a week, or even once a month. Don't forget to check the integrity of the backup, by doing a random restore of some files. This'll verify that the backup is not faulty. I use @{b}Retrospect Express@{ub} (Dantz), a slightly different version of it's big brother @{b}Retrospect@{ub}. Be careful with Retrospect Express, it is very picky about SCSI termination, if it is not set correctly, the program may eject a disk from the drive and will completely freeze-up the Amiga. You'll have to switch off the computer for 10 seconds and turn it back on again, to clear the error.@{i} It may have damaged the System file and/or Finder at the same time, so have a bootable disk to hand.@{ui} I wouldn't recommend doing backups from the Amiga side, you'll corrupt all the Mac files - this due to the different filing systems in use. Instead buy one of these Mac backup programs: @{i}@{b}Retrospect @{ub}(Dantz), THE Mac backup program, supports @{b}all @{ub}types of drives, £130. @{b}Retrospect Express @{ub}(Dantz), only supports removable hard disks, ie. Zip drives, £30. @{b}DiskFit Pro/DiskFit Direct @{ub}(Dantz), little brother to the Retrospect family, freeware. @{b}Backup Mastery @{ub}(ClarisMac), is a competitor to Retrospect, £100+. @{b}Norton Backup v2 + Fastback v3.21 @{ub}(Symantec), these 2 backup utilities came with Norton Utilities v2 (Backup) and v3.1/v3.2 (Fastback) - they are not supported any more. I'm not sure if they are available to download though. There are some shareware/freeware utilities on the Mac internet sites, but these are mainly mirroring/synchronising type backups - don't use them, they do not archive files in any way, and are susceptible to directory and file damage - not a very safe way to back up files. Shareware Backup programs: @{b}Drag'n Back, Simple Backup, Switch Back @{ub}and @{b}Synchronize.@{ub} It is also a good idea to make an archive (use Stuffit for instance) or a backup of the entire System folder, so that you can replace the System file, Finder or any extensions etc, at your convenience, should any of them get damaged and need replacing - this would save you from reinstalling the full System software again.@{ui} @{b}CLEAN-UP YOUR DISKS@{ub} Do regular "clear outs" of your hard disk(s), every 3-6 months. Just sort out and bin, all that junk that accumulates on your disk(s). @{b}REGULAR CHECK-UPS & DEFRAGMENTING@{ub} Regular disk checks, use a utility such as Norton Utilities' Speed Disk, and Disk Doctor. Macintosh hard disks require a lot more attention than Amiga ones. @{i}Therefore, I recommend that you make a copy of the @{b}Disk Tools @{ub}floppy disk that came with the System CD or disk set. Even if you don't need a bootable floppy disk (assuming you have a high density drive) create one anyway, you may need it sooner or later, trust me on this! @{ui} You need to: Rebuild the desktop every month or so; You need to use Disk Doctor every 2-3 weeks; defragment files every couple of weeks; and a full optimisation (de-segment) of the hard disk every 3-6 months, depending on how often you create and bin files. @{i} Here are a few good utility programs that I can recommend: -@{b}Norton Utilities 3.5 @{ub}(Symantec) probably one of the best on the market today. Note that @{b}Norton 3.5's programs does not support HFS+,@{ub} and will @{b}damage @{ub}the directory structure. -@{b}Norton Utilities 4.0 @{ub}(Symantec) will only work on @{b}PPC Macs.@{ub} -@{b}TechTool Pro 2.11 @{ub}(Micromat Computer Systems) a good opposite number to Norton. This version can repair HFS+ disks, and is 68k compatible - virtually equal to Norton v4! @{ui} -@{b}DiskWarrior 1.01 @{ub}(Alsoft) a little known but quite impressive program (from what users say). -@{b}Disk First Aid @{ub}(Apple) is the official disk repair utility, it will not fix all errors. @{b}WARNING: Currently, Norton Utilities 4.0 does not work on any 68k computers, it is for PowerMacs.@{ub} There @{b}may @{ub}be a 680x0 version sometime in 1999, but I wouldn't hold your breath! @{ui} @{b}VIRUS CHECKS@{ub} Get a good and updated virus checker program, these are commercial; -@{b}Norton AnitiVirus@{ub} from Symantec -@{b}Antivirus@{ub} from Dr Soloman -@{b}Virex@{ub} from Datawatch -@{b}VirusScan@{ub} from McAfee (shareware). -@{b}Disinfectant 3.71@{ub} is freeware, but it was discontinued in July 1998. Scan all files you download from the internet FIRST, before you launch it. @{b}RECOVERING DELETED FILES@{ub} Make sure Filesaver (or similar feature) is running at all times, because not only does it track deleted files, it also makes a copy of the hard disk's directory. Volume Recover uses this info if the disk's directory is totally trashed. Its either that or reformat your hard disk! The only alternative to Filesaver is to do regular (daily/weekly) backups, which you should have done anyway. @{b}ABOUT FORMATTING HARD DISKS @{ub} @{i}You're better off with two Mac partitions rather than a large one (preferably with a System Folder on each one), because if one goes belly up, you have another unaffected hard disk.@{ui} You only need to low-level format your Mac hard disk @{b}once,@{ub} ignore what other people say, ie. "formatting your HD every year is a good thing" - because it is completely wrong. Except for repartitioning the HD. @{i}Use the MacOS, to format hard disks, via the @{b}Erase Disk @{ub}option in the Finder's Special menu. Also, if you connect another SCSI hard disk, it should automatically be detected, and will ask you whether you want to format it. For removable hard disks, use the Macintosh driver supplied with the drive, or download it from the manufacturer's web site.@{ui} @{b}What other disk management/repair programs are there, other than Norton Utilities?@{ub} Some commercial programs: -@{b}TechTool Pro 2 @{ub}(Micromat Computer Systems), is a full Mac diagnostic suite. -@{b}Hard Disk Toolkit @{ub}(FWB), supports all hard disk models and has loads of operation features. -@{i}@{b}RAID Toolkit @{ub}(FWB), a good, software based, hard disk RAID solution - supports HFS+. There are other software publishers out there, who make hard disk utilities for the Macintosh, try these company's web pages for more info; @{b}MacPeak, Corel @{ub}and @{b}Clarismac.@{ub} Their web addresses are in the @{" Useful Mac Software " LINK Software} section.@{ui} @{b}What should I do to protect my Mac's System?@{ub} Well, you should make an archive of the entire System Folder, with a common Macintosh compression program, such as Stuffit, Compact Pro, Disk Doubler or ZipIt (pkZip compatible). So if anything disastrous should happen to your System, you can at least de-archive the System and/or Finder files, straight away without worrying about virus infection or a total System installation. Second thing to do, is buy a decent anti-virus program, see above. @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "Viruses" @TITLE "Macintosh Viruses To Date" @{JCENTER}@{b}MACINTOSH VIRUSES '99 @{JLEFT} 2 or 3 Tunes@{ub} This is a HyperCard virus, it plays three German folk tunes when launched. The virus can cause system crashes. @{b}AIDS@{ub} Aids infects application and system files, with no intentional damage. Aids is a nVIR B strain. @{b}Aladin@{ub} Close relative of Frankie (see below). @{b}ANTI@{ub} This virus changes program code, therefore causes applications to crash a lot. @{i}Can't spread under System 7.x, or System 6 under MultiFinder.@{ui} Strains: @{b}Anti-A/Anti-Ange, Anti-B, Anti Variant.@{ub} @{b}Antibody@{ub} Is a HyperCard virus and causes no damage. It checks for the MerryXmas virus, and then deletes it from all stacks. @{b}AppleScript Trojans@{ub} AppleScript trojan viruses can be @{b}extremely destructive@{ub}, they are to be treated like a program, if you run such a program which is alien to you, you may invoke a hard disk initialisation or it may go through all of your files and scramble it's Type and Creator codes. This type of virus is very easy to create and even easier to be undetected. AppleScripts should be downloaded only from known trusted sources. It is nigh impossible for an average person to know what any given compiled script will do. @{b}AutoStart 9805@{ub} The AutoStart virus is a "worm", and it spreads via any HFS disk. Worms are self contained programs that replicate themselves at will. Some are destructive, overwriting certain files with random data. Symptoms: Perhaps the most noticeable symptom of the worms is that an infected system will lock up and have unexplained delays and disk activity every 6, 10, or 30 minutes. Certain file types will have been damaged or deleted: -Autostart 9805 will overwrite files ending with "data", "cod" or "csa" that are over 100 bytes. -Autostart 9805-E will write over some image files with random data, these are; JPEG, TIFF and EPSF picture files, only if they are bigger than 10,424 bytes. -Autostart 9805-F will delete files ending with ".data",".cod",".csd" that are over 100 bytes, and ".dat" files that are over 2,063,232 bytes (total of the data & resource forks). It only infects PPC Macs, it is @{b}incompatible with 68K Macs.@{ub} @{i}Strains: @{b}Autostart 9805-B, Autostart 9805-C & D (are really Autostart worm killers), @{b}Autostart 9805-E, Autostart 9805-F.@{ub} Autostart (invisible) Extensions/apps to look out for: @{b}DB @{ub}or @{b}BD,@{ub} and @{b}Desktop Print Spooler @{ub} or @{b}Desktop Printr Spooler.@{ub}@{ui} @{i}@{b}Blink@{ub} Is a non-destructive Hypercard virus, which spreads to other Hypercard stacks, starts on January'99. @{ui} @{b}CDEF@{ub} This virus infects the desktop file and any mounted floppy disks. It causes system crashes and strange behaviour. System 7 can eradicate the virus simply by rebuilding the Desktop file, it is NOT necessarily immune to this virus. @{b}ChinaTalk Trojan@{ub} ChinaTalk Trojan disguises itself as a "female MacinTalk sound driver". This is a @{b}very destructive virus@{ub}, it deletes the directories of all mounted hard drives and floppy disks. @{b}CLAP@{ub} A nVIR variant that fools Disinfectant to avoid detection (Disinfectant 3.6-3.7 recognizes it). @{b}CODE 1@{ub} Infects applications and system files. If the hard disk's name changes to "Trent Saburo" then you are infected and causes system crashes and some damage. @{b}CODE 252@{ub} @{i}Infects the system file and then all applications. If you are infected, it displays a message, "You are infected with a virus. Ha Ha Ha. Now Erasing all disks. Ha Ha Ha (Click to continue)". @{b}The virus does NOT erase disks.@{ub} It can crash System 7 and damage files, but doesn't spread beyond the System file.@{ui} @{b}CODE 32767@{ub} Once a month, it tries to delete documents. @{i}These are the times it will activate itself, for an hour each time; Jan 6th 9am, Feb 9th 10am, Mar 12th 11am, Apr 5th 12pm, May 16th 1pm, June 18th 2pm, July 5th 3pm, Aug 4th 4pm, Sept 1st 5pm, Oct 20th 6pm, Nov 15th 7pm, Dec 18th 8pm.@{ui} This is a @{b}destructive virus.@{ub} @{i}@{b}Code 9811 @{ub} Hides applications, replacing them with garbage files named ie. 'FIDVCXWGJKJWLOI'. It also produces a desktop covered with electronic worms, and also displays the message "You have been hacked by the Pretorians."@{ui} @{b}CPro Trojan@{ub} CPro disguises itself as an update to Compact Pro (a compression program). This is a @{b}very destructive virus@{ub}, it formats all hard disks and floppy disks. @{b}Dukakis@{ub} This is a HyperCard virus. It quickly spreads to other Hypercard docs, then displays the message "Dukakis for President" and deletes itself. @{i}@{b}Excel Macro Viruses @{ub} Strains: @{b}Laroux @{ub}(quite harmless), @{b}Xtras.A.@{ub}@{ui} @{b}Flag@{ub} Unrelated to WDEF A and B, but was given the name WDEF-C in some anti-virus software. Not intentionally damaging but when spreading it overwrites any existing WDEF resource of ID:0, an action which might damage some files. @{b}@{i}FontFinder@{ub} Supposed to lists fonts used in a document, but actually deletes folders.@{ui} @{b}Frankie@{ub} This virus infects Macintosh emulators. When activated, it draws a bomb and then displays: "Frankie says: No more piracy!", then causes a crash. @{i}@{b}Fuck@{ub} Infects application and System files. No intentional damage (nVIR B strain).@{ui} @{b}HC 9507@{ub} This infects HyperCard docs only. Once infected, the virus spreads to other randomly chosen Hypercard docs. It causes the screen to fade in and out, and the word pickle is typed automatically, or a system freeze/shutdown. @{b}HC 9603@{ub} Infects HyperCard docs. The virus does not cause any damage. @{b}Independance Day@{ub} It attempts to be destructive, but fortunatelitis not well enough written to be more than a nuisance. @{b}INIT 17@{ub} @{i}Displays message "From the depths of Cyberspace" the first time it triggers.@{ui} INIT17 infects the System file immediately and then all applications. @{i}It can cause file damage and system crashes due to accidental damage, especially on 68K Macs.@{ui} @{b}INIT 1984@{ub} @{i}Infects system extensions (INITs).@{ui} It is activated on Friday 13th. It is a @{b}very destructive virus.@{ub} It damages files by changing filenames and it's file Type & Creator to random characters, on any System 6/7 Mac. @{b}INIT 29@{ub} INIT 29 infects System files. It infects data files as well as programs, infected data files do not spread the virus. This devious virus also tells you to unlock locked disks by saying it needs minor repairs, then promptly infects it. The virus does not do intentional damage, though it can cause printing problems, system crashes. Strains: @{b}INIT29 A, INIT29 B.@{ub} @{b}INIT 9403@{ub} Infects the Finder and other applications/files, and then attempts to ERASE the system disk and other mounted hard disks. This is a @{b}very destructive virus@{ub}. Also known as: @{b}SysX.@{ub} @{b}INIT 9403 Trojan@{ub} This trojan horse, disguises itself as an application called RamDoubler. It also appears in some other applications. @{b}INIT M@{ub} The INIT-M virus, is a @{b}very destructive virus@{ub} that spreads applications, system extensions, documents and preference files. It rename files and folders with random text, changes the creation/ modification dates, and scrambles the file creator/type information, it is triggered on Friday the 13th. A dead give away is a preference called "FSV Prefs". This virus infects System 7 or above. @{b}Laroux@{ub} This is an Excel macro virus. It creates a hidden, blank worksheet in infected documents, but it is not destructive. @{b}MacMag@{ub} @{i}Is a HyperCard stack, it disguises itself as a program called New Apple Products and infects the System file, on Hard Disks and floppies. Set to trigger and self-destruct on March 2nd, 1988, so it is rarely found.@{ui} Strains: @{b}Aldus, Brandow, Drew, Peace.@{ub} @{i}@{b}Macro Viruses @{ub} Many of these only infect the application's files - however, some can do other damage. Be extra vigilant with Microsoft products, ie. MS Word and MS Excel - although they can infect any application that uses macros. Also note that it is unlikely that a macro can activated on a different word processor, as the macro language will mostly be different, therefore rendering the macro virus useless. However I'm not sure whether docs created on one platform and transferred to the Mac (PC to Mac for instance), using the same creator program, will infect your Mac?! Listed below are all the known Macintosh macro viruses: ABC Friendly Mind Simple Gambler Alex Fury Minimal Since Imposter Alien FutureNot Mota Slow Kompu Alliance Fuzzy MTF Smiley Lunch Ammy Gable Muck Snickers MDMA Anak Gangsterz Munch Socks Minimal Andry Gas MVDK1 Spiral MTF Angel Gest MVDK2 Spooky Muck Angus Gnomo NF Spy NiceDay Ant Goggles NiceDay Strezz Nightshade AntiConcept GoldFish Niki Stryx Nottice Appder GoldSecret Nikita Sunbeam Nuclear Archer Goodnight Niknat Surabaya OPIM Armadillo Gsis NJ-WMDLK1 Switcher Rapi Atom Habir NJ-WMDLK1A Switches RatsAss Attack Haggis NJ-WMDLK1B Swlabs Rehenes Auge Hark NJ-WMDLK1C Swlabs1 Setmd Baby Hassle NJ-WMDLK1D Swlabs2 Sparkle BadBoy Header NJ-WMDLK1E Sword Splash Balrog Hellgate NJ-WMVCK1 Talon Surabaya Balu Helper NJ-WMVCK2 Tamago Swlabs Bandung Hiac No-F Target Talon Bertik Hider Nomvir Tear Tamago Birthday Hitman NOP Tedious Twno Black Hot NoPrint Tele Wazzu Blachyrkh Hunter Nottice Temple Delta Boom Hybrid No_va Terror Box Hyper NPad TestDoc Breeder Illiterate Nuclear Theatre Buero Imposter Nuker Toten Cap Incarnate Oblom Trap Cebu India Ochy Trash CeeFour Inexist OldPad Twister Chaka Influenza Olympic Twno Chaos InsideOut Ordo TwoLines Cheat Irish Orhey Uka Clock Italian Outlaw Underground Colors Ivana Oval Unhas Concept jaja Panjang Vampire Counter Jerm Paper Varmint CountTen Johnny PayCheck VHDL Crema JunkFace Percent Vicinity Cult Kerrang Pesan Viva CVCK1 KillDLL Phantom Vivat Czech KillDos Phardera Wallpaper Dance KillLuf Pig Want Daniel Killok Plushad Wazza Dark KillProt Polite Weather Date Komcon PWD Why Dave Kompu Quick WiederOeffnen Defender Lazy Random WMVH1 Demon Lemon Rapi Wompat Dietzel Look Rats Wompie Dishonor Lord Razer Xenixos Divina Louvado Red Yaka DMV Lox Reflex Zero Doggie Lucy Rehenes ZMB Dracula Lunar Rellik Zoolog Drugs Lunch Safwan DZT Macaroni Sam Appder Easy MadDog Satanic Bismark Envader Magnum Saver Blee Epidemic Malaria Schoo Calender Eraser Malice Sshumann Cartman Fake Mark Screw CMD Fire MDMA Setmd Concept Five Mental Shadow Czech FormatC Mercy ShareFun Disco FormatS Mess ShowOff DWMVCK1 Four Messenger Shuffle Frenzy Friday MG Silly Gable @{ui} @{b}MBDF@{ub} This one infects the system, finder and any applications. It does not damage, but it may cause regular system and program crashes. It spreads under System 6 and 7. @{i}These 3 games "Tetracycle", "10 Tile Puzzle" and "Obnoxious Tetris" contain this Trojan virus.@{ui} Strains: @{b}MBDF A, MBDF B.@{ub} @{b}MDEF@{ub} These viruses are not malicious in intent, but can cause system crashes and other unexplained behaviour. An infected program may have garbled pull-down menus. Strains: @{b}MDEF A, MDEF B, MDEF C, MDEF D.@{ub} Also known as: @{b}Garfield@{ub} (MDEF A), @{b}Top Cat@{ub} (MDEF B). @{b}MDEF-E & MDEF-F @{ub} Are simple and benign viruses. They infect applications and system files, and do not cause intentional file damage. @{b}Merry XMas@{ub} The Merry Xmas virus infects HyperCard docs and has several strains. This virus can cause irreparable damage to Hypercard docs by adding or deleting scripts. Delete infected docs instead of repairing them, where ever possible. @{b}Mosaic@{ub} @{i}Is a program that is supposed to display graphics, but actually mangles directory structures. This is a @{b}very destructive virus.@{ub}@{ui} @{b}nVIR Family@{ub} This virus infects the System file and applications. If MacinTalk is installed in your System folder, your computer will occasionally say "Don't Panic" or it may beep unexpectedly. It can also cause programs and the System to crash. @{b}Some strains are destructive.@{ub} Strains:@{b} nCAM, nVIR A/B/C, AIDS, Fuck, Hpat, Jude, MEV#, nFlu, nVIR-f, @{i}MODM, @{ui}prod, zero.@{ub} @{b}NVP & NVP Trojan@{ub} When launched, the NVP virus stops these letters "a,e,i,o,u" from being typed. NVP does not attempt to spread to other files. @{b}Peace@{ub} The Peace Virus, is introduced by a HyperCard doc called New Apple Products. This virus infects and spreads to system files only. It displays a peace message on March 2, 1988. The virus then self- destructs, no damage is done. @{b}Scores@{ub} This virus spreads rapidly to all applications every time the Mac is restarted. There is one tell tale sign that Scores is on your Mac, it changes the Note Pad and Scrapbook files, to dog-eared icons. Scores causes system crashes and other abnormal problems, especially when printing. Also known as: @{b}Eric, NASA.@{ub} @{b}SevenDust@{ub} A family of four viruses which spread both through MDEF resources and a System extension created by those resources. Three of these viruses cause no other damage. On the sixth day of the month, one may erase all non-application files on the current volume. Strains:@{b} SevenDust A, SevenDust B, SevenDust C, SevenDust D, @{i}SevenDust E, SevenDust F.@{ui}@{ub} Also known as: @{b}666, MDEF 9806 A, MDEF 9806 B, MDEF 9806 C, MDEF 9806 D.@{ub} @{b}Steroid Trojan@{ub} @{i}Control Panel - claims to improve QuickDraw speed, but actually destroys the directory structure of our hard disk. This is a @{b}very destructive virus.@{ub}@{ui} @{b}T4@{ub} Was in a game called GoMoku (v2/2.1), on the internet. It is a @{b}destructive virus@{ub}, it causes significant damage to the system file, extensions and applications. Resulting in an unbootable Mac, and unusable programs. Strains: @{b}T4 A, T4 B, T4 C.@{ub} @{b}T4-D @{ub} It deletes files other than the System file from the System Folder, and documents. @{b}This is a very destructive virus.@{ub} @{b}Tetricycle Trojan@{ub} This virus hides in a game called Tetricycle. When it is launched, it infects the System, Finder and any applications. It causes System file and program damage. @{b}Virus Info@{ub} This trojan virus disguises itself as a program which claims to provide virus info, but when launched, will destroys the directory of your hard drive. This is a @{b}very destructive virus.@{ub} @{b}WDEF@{ub} The WDEF virus spreads in System 6 via the Desktop file. It does not damage data files, but it can cause frequent System crashes. System 7 Desktop files are relatively immune to WDEF, only if you rebuild the desktop regularly. Strains: @{b}WDEF A, WDEF B.@{ub} @{b}ZUC@{ub} ZUC and it's strains, infects applications and displays the annoying symptom of controlling the movement of the cursor on your screen. Once the infection reaches the Finder file, the computer becomes virtually unusable. Strains: @{b}ZUC A, ZUC B, ZUC C.@{ub} @ENDNODE @REM ###################################### Separator ############################################### @NODE "ErrorCodes" @TITLE "Macintosh Error Codes Explained" @{JCENTER}@{b}SYSTEM ERROR CODES@{ub} See @{" Error Codes in Detail " LINK Detailed_Errors} for a more comprehensive description of Codes +1 to +30. @{JLEFT}@{i} There are a few small applications that you can download from any Mac web, ones that I find very useful are: @{b}System Errors, Easy Errors @{ub}and @{b}Apple Error Codes '98.@{ub} You may also find, to a limited degree, that @{b}Extension Overload @{ub}and @{b}InformINIT,@{ub} also cover some Mac error codes. @{b}System Errors (Positive Nos.) Error Code & Error Name Error Description @{ub} 1 dsBusError..................Bus error. 2 dsAddressErr................Address error. 3 dsIllInstErr................Illegal instruction error. 4 dsZeroDivErr................Zero divide error. 5 dsChkErr....................Check trap error. 6 dsOvflowErr.................Overflow trap error. 7 dsPrivErr...................Privilege violation error. 8 dsTraceErr..................Trace mode error. 9 dsLineAErr..................Line 1010 trap error. 10 dsLineFErr..................Line 1111 trap error. 11 dsMiscErr...................Miscellaneous hardware exception error (code that does'nt exist). 12 dsCoreErr...................Unimplemented core routine error. 13 dsIrqErr....................Uninstalled interrupt error. 14 dsIOCoreErr.................IO Core Error. 15 dsLoadErr...................Segment Loader Error. 16 dsFPErr.....................Floating point error. 17 dsNoPackErr.................Package 0 not present [List Manager]. 18 dsNoPk1.....................Package 1 not present [Reserved by Apple]. 19 dsNoPk2.....................Package 2 not present [Disk Initialization]. 20 dsNoPk3.....................Package 3 not present [Standard File]. 21 dsNoPk4.....................Package 4 not present [Floating-Point Arithmetic]. 22 dsNoPk5.....................Package 5 not present [Transcendental Functions]. 23 dsNoPk6.....................Package 6 not present [International Utilities]. 24 dsNoPk7.....................Package 7 not present [Binary/Decimal Conversion]. 25 dsMemFullErr................Out of memory! 26 dsBadLaunch.................Can't launch file. 27 dsFSErr.....................File system map has been trashed. 28 dsStknHeap..................Stack has moved into application heap. 30 dsReinsert..................Request user to re-insert off-line volume. 31 dsNotThe1...................Not the disk I wanted (obsolete). 33 negZcbFreeErr...............ZcbFree has gone negative. 40 dsGreeting..................Welcome to Macintosh greeting. 41 dsFinderErr.................Can't load the Finder error. 42 dsBadStartupDisk............Unable to mount boot volume (obsolete). 43 dsSystemFileErr.............Can't find System file to open (obsolete). 51 dsBadSlotInt................Unserviceable slot interrupt. 81 dsBadSANEopcode.............Bad opcode given to SANE Pack4. 83 dsBadPatchHeader............SetTrapAddress saw the "come-from" header. 84 menuPrgErr..................Happens when a menu is purged. 85 dsMBarNFnd..................SysErr - cannot find MBDF. 86 dsHMenuFindErr..............SysErr - recursively defined HMenus. 87 dsWDEFnFnd..................Could not load WDEF. 88 dsCDEFnFnd..................Could not load CDEF. 89 dsMDEFnFnd..................Could not load MDEF. 90 dsNoFPU.....................FPU instruction executed, but machine has no FPU. 98 dsNoPatch...................Can't patch for particular Model Mac. 99 dsBadPatch..................Can't load patch resource. 101 dsParityErr................Memory parity error. 102 dsOldSystem................System is too old for this ROM. 103 ds32BitMode................Booting in 32-bit on a 24-bit system. 104 dsNeedToWriteBootBlocks....Need to write new boot blocks. 105 dsNotEnoughRAMToBoot.......Need at least 1.5MB of RAM to boot 7.0. 20000 dsShutDownOrRestart......User choice between ShutDown and Restart. 20001 dsSwitchOffOrRestart.....User choice between Switch off or Restart. 20002 dsForcedQuit.............Allow the user to ExitToShell, return if Cancel. 32767 dsSysErr.................General system error (catch-all used in DSAT).@{ui} @{b}General System Errors @{ub} 0 noErr.......................0 for success. -1 qErr........................Queue element not found during deletion. -2 vTypErr.....................Invalid queue element. -3 corErr......................Core routine number out of range. -4 unimpErr....................Unimplemented core routine. -5 SlpTypeErr..................Invalid queue element. -8 seNoDB......................No debugger installed to handle debugger command. @{b}Colour Manager Errors @{ub} -9 iTabPurgErr................From Color2Index/ITabMatch. -10 noColMatch.................N/A. -11 qAllocErr..................From MakeITable. -12 tblAllocErr................N/A. -13 overRun....................N/A. -14 noRoomErr..................N/A. -15 seOutOfRange...............From SetEntry. -16 seProtErr..................N/A. -17 i2CRangeErr................N/A. -18 gdBadDev...................N/A. -19 reRangeErr.................N/A. -20 seInvRequest...............N/A. -21 seNoMemErr.................N/A. @{b}I/O System Errors @{ub} -17 controlErr.................Driver can't respond to Control call. -18 statusErr..................Driver can't respond to Status call. -19 readErr....................Driver can't respond to Read call. -20 writErr....................Driver can't respond to Write call. -21 badUnitErr.................Driver reference number doesn't match unit table. -22 unitEmptyErr...............Driver reference number specifies NIL handle in unit table. -23 openErr....................Requested read/write permission doesn't match driver's open permission or attempt to open RAM serial driver failed. -24 closErr....................Close failed, or permission to close .MPP driver was denied. -25 dRemovErr..................Tried to remove an open driver. -26 dInstErr...................DrvrInstall couldn't find driver in resources, or abort error. -27 abortErr...................IO call aborted by KillIO. -28 notOpenErr.................Couldn't rd/wr/ctl/sts cause driver not opened. -29 unitTblFullErr.............Unit table has no more entries. -30 dceExtErr..................DCE extension error. @{b}File System Errors @{ub} -33 dirFulErr..................Directory full. -34 dskFulErr..................Disk full. -35 nsvErr.....................No such volume, or volume not found. -36 ioErr......................I/O error. -37 bdNamErr...................Bad file name; there may be no bad names in the final system! -38 fnOpnErr...................File not open. -39 eofErr.....................End of file, or no additional data in the format. -40 posErr.....................Tried to position to before start of file (r/w). -41 mFulErr....................Memory full (open) or file won't fit (load). -42 tmfoErr....................Too many files open. -43 fnfErr.....................File/Folder/Edition container/Target not found. -44 wPrErr.....................Disk is write-protected; Volume is locked through hardware. -45 fLckdErr...................File is locked, or publisher writing to an edition. -46 vLckdErr...................Volume is locked through software. -47 fBsyErr....................File is busy (delete); Section doing I/O. -48 dupFNErr...................Duplicate filename (rename); File found instead of folder. -49 opWrErr....................File already open with write permission. -50 paramErr...................Error in user parameter list. -51 rfNumErr...................Reference number invalid. -52 gfpErr.....................Get file position error. -53 volOffLinErr...............Volume is off line. -54 permErr....................Permission error on file open, or software lock on file. -55 volOnLinErr................Drive volume already on-line at MountVol. -56 nsDrvErr...................No such drive (tried to mount a bad drive number). -57 noMacDskErr................Not a Macintosh disk (signature bytes are wrong). -58 extFSErr...................External file system, file system identifier is non-zero. -59 fsRnErr....................File system internal error: during rename the old entry was deleted but could not be restored. -60 badMDBErr..................Bad master directory block. -61 wrPermErr..................Write permission error. @{b}Font Manager Errors @{ub} -64 fontDecError...............Error during font declaration. -65 fontNotDeclared............Font not declared. -66 fontSubErr.................Font substitution occurred. @{b}Disk Errors @{ub} -64 lastDskErr.................Last disk error. -64 noDriveErr.................Drive not installed. -65 offLinErr..................Read/write requested for an off-line drive. -66 noNybErr...................Couldn't find 5 nibbles in 200 tries. -67 noAdrMkErr.................Couldn't find valid address mark. -68 dataVerErr.................Read verify compare failed. -69 badCksmErr.................Address mark checksum didn't check. -70 badBtSlpErr................Bad address mark bit slip nibbles. -71 noDtaMkErr.................Couldn't find a data mark header. -72 badDCksum..................Bad data mark checksum. -73 badDBtSlp..................Bad data mark bit slip nibbles. -74 wrUnderrun.................Write under-run occurred. -75 cantStepErr................Step handshake failed. -76 tk0BadErr..................Track 0 detect doesn't change. -77 initIWMErr.................Unable to initialise IWM. -78 twoSideErr.................Tried to read second side on a one sided drive. -79 spdAdjErr..................Unable to correctly adjust disk speed. -80 seekErr....................Track number wrong on address mark. -81 sectNFErr..................Sector number never found on a track. -82 fmt1Err....................Can't find sector 0 after track format. -83 fmt2Err....................Can't get enough sync. -84 verErr.....................Track failed to verify. -84 firstDskErr................First disk error. @{b}Serial Ports, PRAM/Clock @{ub} -85 clkRdErr...................Unable to read same clock value twice. -86 clkWrErr...................Time written did not verify. -87 prWrErr....................Parameter RAM written didn't read-verify. -88 prInitErr..................InitUtil found the parameter RAM uninitialised. -89 rcvrErr....................SCC receiver error (framing, parity, OR). -90 breakRecd..................Break received (SCC). @{b}AppleTalk Errors @{ub} -91 ddpSktErr..................Error opening socket, or invalid address or table is full. -92 ddpLenErr..................Data length too big. -93 noBridgeErr................No network bridge for non-local send. -94 lapProtErr.................Error in attaching/detaching protocol. -95 excessCollsns..............Hardware error [excessive collisions on write]. -97 portInUse..................Driver Open error code (port is in use). -98 portNotCf..................Driver Open error code (parameter RAM not configured for this connection). @{b}Memory Manager Errors @{ub} -99 memROZErr..................Hard error in ROZ. -99 memROZError................Hard error in ROZ. -99 memROZWarn.................Soft error in ROZ. @{b}Scrap Manager Errors @{ub} -100 noScrapErr................No scrap exists error. -102 noTypeErr.................Format not available, or no object of that type in scrap. @{b}Memory Allocation Errors @{ub} -108 memFullErr................Ran out of memory, or not enough room in heap zone. -109 nilHandleErr..............GetHandleSize fails on baseText or substitutionText, NIL master pointer, handle was NIL in HandleZone or other. -110 memAdrErr.................Address was odd, or out of range. -111 memWZErr..................Attempted to operate on a free block; GetHandleSize fails on baseText or substitutionText, or WhichZone failed (applied to free block). -112 memPurErr.................Trying to purge a locked or non-purgeable block. -113 memAZErr..................Address in zone check failed. -114 memPCErr..................Pointer Check failed. -115 memBCErr..................Block Check failed. -116 memSCErr..................Size Check failed. -117 memLockedErr..............Trying to move a locked block (MoveHHi). @{b}HFS Errors @{ub} -120 dirNFErr..................Directory not found. -121 tmwdoErr..................No free WDCB available. -122 badMovErr.................Move into offspring error. -123 wrgVolTypErr..............Not an HFS volume or operation not supported for MFS (obsolete). -124 volGoneErr................Server volume has been disconnected. -125 updPixMemErr..............Insufficient memory to update a pixmap. -127 fsDSIntErr................Internal file system error. @{b}Menu Manager Errors @{ub} -126 dsMBarNFnd................System error code for MBDF not found. -127 dsHMenuFindErr............Couldn't find HMenu's parent in MenuKey. -128 userCanceledErr...........User cancelled an operation. @{b}HFS File ID Errors @{ub} -130 fidNotFound...............No file thread exists. -131 fidNotAFile...............Directory specified; it is not a file. -132 fidExists.................File ID already exists. @{b}Colour QuickDraw and Colour Manager Errors @{ub} -145 noMemForPictPlaybackErr...No memory available to playback a picture/movie. -147 rgnTooBigError............Region too big or complex. -148 pixMapTooBigErr...........Pixel map record pixelmap is too large. -149 nsStackErr................Not enough stack space for the necessary buffers "OR". -150 cMatchErr.................Color2Index failed to find an index. -151 cTempMemErr...............Failed to allocate memory for temporary structures. -152 cNoMemErr.................Failed to allocate memory for structure. -153 cRangeErr.................Range error on colorTable request. -154 cProtectErr...............ColorTable entry protection violation. -155 cDevErr...................Invalid type of graphics device. -156 cResErr...................Invalid resolution for MakeITable. -157 cDepthErr.................Invalid pixel depth. -158 cParmErr..................Invalid parameter. @{b}Resource Manager Errors (other than I/O) @{ub} -185 badExtResource............Extended resource has a bad format. -186 CantDecompress............Resource bent ("the bends") can't decompress a compressed resource. -188 resourceInMemory..........Resource already in memory. -189 writingPastEnd............Writing past end of file. -190 inputOutOfBounds..........Offset or count out of bounds. -192 resNotFound...............Resource not found. -193 resFNotFound..............Resource file not found. -194 addResFailed..............Add Resource failed. -195 addRefFailed..............Add Reference failed. -196 rmvResFailed..............Remove Resource failed. -197 rmvRefFailed..............Remove Reference failed. -198 resAttrErr................Attribute inconsistent with operation. -199 mapReadErr................Map inconsistent with operation. @{b}Sound Manager Errors @{ub} -200 noHardware................No hardware support for the specified synthesizer. -201 notEnoughHardware.........No more channels for the specified synthesizer. -203 queueFull.................No room in the queue. -204 resProblem................Problem loading the resource. -205 badChannel................Channel is corrupt or unusable [invalid channel queue length]. -206 badFormat.................Resource is corrupt (handle to 'snd' resource was invalid). -207 notEnoughBufferSpace......Insufficient memory available. -208 badFileFormat.............File is corrupt or unusable, or not AIFF or AIFF-C. -209 channelBusy...............Channel is being used for a PFD already. -210 buffersTooSmall...........Cannot operate in the memory allowed. -211 channelNotBusy............Channel not currently used. -212 noMoreRealTime............Not enough CPU time available. -213 badParam..................A parameter is incorrect. -220 siNoSoundInHardware.......No sound input hardware available. -221 siBadSoundInDevice........Invalid index for SoundInGetIndexedDevice. -222 siNoBufferSpecified.......No buffer specified. -223 siInvalidCompression......Invalid compression type. -224 siHardDriveTooSlow........Hard drive too slow to record. -225 siInvalidSampleRate.......Invalid sample rate. -226 siInvalidSampleSize.......Invalid sample size. -227 siDeviceBusyErr...........Sound input device is busy. -228 siBadDeviceName...........Invalid device name. -229 siBadRefNum...............Invalid reference number. -230 siInputDeviceErr..........Input device hardware failure. -231 siUnknownInfoType.........Driver returned invalid info type selector. -232 siUnknownQuality..........Invalid quality selector returned by driver. @{b}MIDI Manager Errors @{ub} -250 midiNoClientErr...........No client with that ID found. -251 midiNoPortErr.............No port with that ID found. -252 midiTooManyPortsErr.......Too many ports already installed in the system. -253 midiTooManyConsErr........Too many connections made. -254 midiVConnectErr...........Pending virtual connection created. -255 midiVConnectMade..........Pending virtual connection resolved. -256 midiVConnectRmvd..........Pending virtual connection removed. -257 midiNoConErr..............No connection exists between specified ports. -258 midiWriteErr..............Couldn't write to all connected ports. -259 midiNameLenErr............Name supplied is longer than 31 characters. -260 midiDupIDErr..............Duplicate client ID. -261 midiInvalidCmdErr.........Command not supported for port type. @{b}Notification Manager Error @{ub} -299 nmTypErr..................Invalid queue Type - must be ORD(nmType). @{b}Start Manager Errors @{ub} -290 smSDMInitErr..............SDM could not be initialized. -291 smSRTInitErr..............Slot Resource Table could not be initialized. -292 smPRAMInitErr.............Slot Resource Table could not be initialized. -293 smPriInitErr..............Cards could not be initialized. -300 smEmptySlot...............No card in slot. -301 smCRCFail.................CRC check failed for declaration data. -302 smFormatErr...............FHeader Format is not Apple's. -303 smRevisionErr.............Wrong revision level. -304 smNoDir...................Directory offset is Nil. -305 smDisabledSlot............This Slot is disabled. -306 smNosInfoArray............No sInfoArray. Memory Mgr error. -307 smResrvErr................Fatal reserved error. Reserved field <> 0. -308 smUnExBusErr..............Unexpected BusError. -309 smBLFieldBad..............ByteLanes field was bad. -310 smFHBlockRdErr............Error occurred during _sGetFHeader. -311 smFHBlkDispErr............Error occurred during _sDisposePtr (dispose of FHeader block). -312 smDisposePErr.............Dispose Pointer error. -313 smNoBoardsRsrc............No Board sResource. -314 smGetPRErr................Error occurred during _sGetPRAMRec (See SIMStatus). -315 smNoBoardId...............No Board Id. -316 smIntStatVErr.............The InitStatusV field was negative after primary or secondary init. -317 smIntTblVErr..............An error occurred while trying to initialize the Slot Resource Table. -318 smNoJmpTbl................SDM jump table could not be created. -319 smBadBoardId..............BoardId was wrong, re-init the PRAM record. -320 smBusErrTO................BusError time out. -330 smBadRefId................Reference Id not found in List. -331 smBadsList................Bad sList: Id1