AEDIT Command List Line/Range Command Parameters Description ? Redisplays the last command entered. ! [CLI Command] Performs a CLI command. [Range] : /Search/ [Command] Conditional multiple command executer. [Range] Append FileName Attach text to END of specified file. Buffer BufferNumber Switch to specified buffer. [Range] CEnter [ColumnNumber] Center lines around specified column. CDir [Directory] Change the default directory. [Range] COpy Send lines to clipboard. [Line] CRunch Remove excess spaces in paragraph. [Range] CUt Delete and send lines to clipboard. [Range] DElete Remove lines of text. [Range] DUplicate Use clipboard to duplicate lines. [Range] ECho [Destination] Duplicate lines to destination. [Range] EEol [Column] Erase from column to end of line. EOL Move cursor to end of line. EOT Move cursor to end-of text. [Range] ERase Erase lines and copies to clipboard. [Range] ESol - [Column] Erase from column to start of line. EXEcute FileName Read a file as if entered as commands. EXIt [AJ Save buffer before exiting it. [Range] EXPand [Increment] Convert literal #09 to tabs (spaces). [Range] FLip Change case of specified lines. [Line] FOrmat [RightMargin] Format paragraph to specified margin. [Line] Get [FileName] Insert a text file. Home Move cursor to upper left corner. Join Attach following line to current line. Keywords [FileName] Specify file to allow case folding. LEft Move cursor left one column. [Line] LOAd [FileName] Insert a text file. [Range] LOWer Changes text to lower case, MArgins [left] [right] Changes left and/or right margins. MLeft Moves cursor to leftmost column. [Range] MOve [Destination] Transfers lines to new location. MRight Moves cursor to rightmost column. NAme FileName Changes default filename. NEw FileName Clears and renames buffer. Open [FileName] Clears, renames, and loads buffer. PAste Insert contents of clipboard, [Range] PRint [Device] Prints specified lines to device. [Range] PUt [FileName] Saves lines to a file. REAd [FileName] 'OPEN' a binary (hex) file. [Range] REMove Delete the specified lines. RIght Move cursor right one column. [Range] SAve [FileName] Saves lines to a file. SOL Move cursor to the start of its line. SOT Move cursor to first line of text. SPlit Divide line at cursor's position. SYstem [A] Exit (delete) buffer. Tabstops [Increment] Change tabstop increment. [Range] Upper Changes lines to upper case. [Range] Write Outputs binary (hex) characters. [Range] Xchange [?][#] /old/new/ Exchanges text. Keyboard Reference BACKSPACE Deletes the character left to the cursor. SHIFT BACKSPACE Inserts a space at the cursor's position. DEL Deletes the character the cursor is on, SHIFT DEL - Inserts a space at the cursor's position. ESC Activate the Command Line. RETURN Moves the cursor to the left margin on the next line. ALT RETURN Same as RETURN but indents to first character. SHIFT RETURN Moves the cursor to the left margin. CTRL RETURN Backward RETURN. ENTER Functions identically to RETURN (see above), TAB Moves the cursor to the next tabstop. SHIFT TAB Moves the cursor to the previous tabstop. ALT - (Keypad) Deletes line, moves text upward to close up space. SHIFT - (Keypad) Deletes line, but leaves the line's space. CTRL - (Keypad) Deletes line, moves text downward to close up space. RIGHT/LEFT Move the cursor one column. ALT RIGHT/LEFT Move cursor by words. SHIFT RIGHT/LEFT Move cursor by 20 columns CTRL RIGHT/LEFT Move cursor to end/start of line. UP/DOWN Move cursor to previous/next line. ALT UP/DOWN Move cursor by 5 lines. SHIFT UP/DOWN Move cursor by one page. CTRL UP/DOWN Move cursor to first/last line of text. F1 Redisplay status line, F5 Toggle Mark mode. ALT F1 Text line to command line. F6 Clear the Undo list. CTRL F1 Last command to text line. F7 Recover changes to line. F2 Insert/Overwrite mode. F8 CTRL character into text. F3 Toggle Newline mode. F9 Undo last change to text. ALT F3 Insert line below cursor. F10 Duplicate line. CTRL F3 Insert line above cursor. SHIFT F10 Continue searching. F4 Text/Program mode, CTRL F10 Reexecute command. CTRL a Insert line below cursor then do a RETURN. CTRL c Stop whatever Aedit is doing (if possible). CTRL e Move cursor to top left corner. CTRL f 'Flip' the case cf any highlighted characters. CTRL P Move to start of paragraph (going backward). CTRL p Move to start of paragraph (going forward). CTRL s Move to end of sentence. CTRL Y Erases from cursor to start of line. CTRL y Erases from cursor to end of line. CTRL ] Toggles between left and right window edges. LAMIGA Marks (highlights) text, when another key is held down. L for line, P for paragraph, S for Sentence, and W for word. Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION : ................................................ 1 1. 1 Requirements ............................................... 1 1. 2 Manual organization......................................... 1 1. 3 V1 and V2................................................... 1 2.0 CONTENTS....................................................... 2 2.1 Disk Contents................................................ 2 2.2 Root Directory............................................... 2 2.3 "Text" directory (Drawer).................................... 3 2.4 "Rubbish" Directory.......................................... 3 3.0 Starting Aedit................................................. 4 3.1 From WorkBench............................................... 4 3.2 From CLI..................................................... 4 4.0 Definition of Terms............................................ 7 4.1 Command Line................................................. 7 4.2 Current Buffer............................................... 7 4.3 Current Line................................................. 7 4.4 Current Pathname............................................. 7 4.5 Current Paragraph............................................ 7 4.6 Line......................................................... 7 4.7 Message Line................................................. 7 4.8 Page......................................................... 7 4.9 Paragraph.................................................... 7 4.10 Pathnames.................................................... 8 4.11 Sentence..................................................... 9 4.12 Word......................................................... 9 4.13 Undo List.................................................... 9 5.0 SCREEN LAYOUT.................................................. 9 5.1 Top Border................................................... 9 5.2 Right Border................................................ 11 5.3 Bottom Border............................................... 12 6.0 KEYBOARD LAYOUT............................................... 14 6.1 Function Keys............................................... 14 6.2 Normal Control Keys......................................... 16 6.3 CTRL Keys................................................... 18 6.4 AMIGA Selection............................................. 20 7.0 Buffers....................................................... 21 7.1 Buffer Characteristics...................................... 21 7.2 Switching Between Buffers................................... 21 7.3 Buffer Deactivating......................................... 21 8.0 Modes......................................................... 22 8.1 Insert/Overstrike Mode...................................... 22 8.2 Newline Mode................................................ 22 - I - 8.3 Text/Program Mode........................................... 22 8.4 Mark Mode................................................... 23 9.0 Clipboard Operations.......................................... 24 9.1 COPY to Clipboard........................................... 24 9.2 CUT to Clipboard..,......................................... 24 9.3 DUPLICATE using Clipboard................................... 25 9.4 ERASE to Clipboard.......................................... 25 9.5 PASTE from Clipboard........................................ 25 10.0 Menus......................................................... 26 10.1 Menu Requesters............................................ 26 10.2 Project.................................................... 27 10.3 Edit....................................................... 29 10.4 Text....................................................... 30 10.5 Buffers.................................................... 32 10.6 Special.................................................... 32 11.0 CommandLine.................................................. 33 11.1 Activating................................................. 33 11.2 Syntax..................................................... 33 11.3 Line Ranges................................................ 33 i 12.0 Commands....................................................... 37 12,1 "?" Recall Command......................................... 37 12.2 "!" DOS Command............................................ 37 12.3 ";" Multi Command.......................................... 38 12.4 APPEND..................................................... 38 12.5 BUFFER..................................................... 39 12.6 CENTER..................................................... 39 12.7 CDIR....................................................... 40 12.8 COPY....................................................... 41 12.9 CRUNCH..................................................... 41 12.10 CUT........................................................ 42 12.11 DELETE..................................................... 42 12.12 DUPLICATE.................................................. 43 12.13 ECHO....................................................... 43 12.14 EEOL....................................................... 44 12.15 EOL........................................................ 44 12.16 EOT........................................................ 44 12.17 ERASE...................................................... 45 12.18 ESOL....................................................... 45 12.19 EXECUTE.................................................... 46 12.20 EXIT....................................................... 47 12.21 EXPAND..................................................... 47 12.22 FLIP....................................................... 48 12.23 FORM AT.................................................... 48 12.24 GET........................................................ 49 12.25 HOME....................................................... 50 12.26 JOIN....................................................... 50 12.27 KEYWORDS................................................... 50 12.28 LEFT....................................................... 52 12.29 LOAD....................................................... 52 12.30 LOWER...................................................... 52 12.31 MARGINS.................................................... 53 12.32 MLEFT...................................................... 53 - II - 12.33 MOVE....................................................... 54 12.34 MRIGHT..................................................... 54 12.35 NAME....................................................... 54 12.36 NEW........................................................ 55 12.37 OPEN....................................................... 55 12.38 PASTE...................................................... 56 12.39 PRINT...................................................... 56 12.40 PUT........................................................ 56 12.41 READ....................................................... 57 12.42 REMOVE..................................................... 58 12.43 RIGHT...................................................... 58 12.44 SAVE....................................................... 58 12.45 SOL........................................................ 59 12.46 SOT........................................................ 59 12.47 SPLIT...................................................... 59 12.48 SYSTEM..................................................... 60 12.49 TABSTOPS................................................... 60 12.50 UPPER...................................................... 60 12.51 WRITE...................................................... 61 12.52 XCHANGE.................................................... 62 13.0 Aedit V1 Subset............................................... 64 14.0 Error Messages................................................ 65 15.0 Search Phrases................................................. 69 Index............................................................... 73 - III - INTRODUCTION : Aedit is a general purpose text editor with specific emphasis on program text entry. It was written to handle all the day to day text entry that is necessary, in some way, for practically every function a computer is called to perform. The design goals included ease of use, powerful command options, fast operation, word processing ability, and yet work with the multi-tasking Intuition environment. Aedit supports Command Line Entry (a la ED) as well as menus and gadgets for those who prefer to use the mouse. Aedit V2 is the preferred version. Aedit comes in a full featured and limited version. Aedit Version 2 (also just "Aedit" or "V2") is the large model; it features the full set of commands, menus, and gadgets. Aedit Version 1 (also "V1") is the small model; it uses a command subset along with fewer gadgets. Aedit.V1 is provided for those who prefer the CLI environment and would like Aedit to drop the menus and gadgets in order to reduce memory consumption. 1.1 Requirements Aedit needs 256K of memory and Version 1.1 Kickstart. Aedit will also function with Version 1.2 Kickstart. 1.2 Manual organization This manual is organized by case (#.), section (.#), and subsection (-#) numbers. For ease of cross referencing, sections will be referred to by these numbers. Features of Aedit will be mentioned before they are fully explained. In these cases, a reference to the appropriate case, section, or subsection is given. One can skip this reference to read it later, or jump to the referenced section for an immediate explanation. 1.3 V1 and V2 This manual covers all features available in Aedit (V2, full version). Since Aedit V1 is a subset of Aedit V2 (case 13.0), some of this manual may not apply. - 1 - 2.0 CONTENTS Aedit's package should contain the following. * Manual. * Quick reference sheet. * one 3-5" 'Stiffy' disk. 2.1 Disk Contents AEDIT Large model Aedit. i AEDIT.V1 Small model Aedit (command subset = memory savings). ! Read.First Introductory file. Tutorial Text file used in interactive tutorial. : PageItC A program that pages text (uses CTRLs). ! PageItD A program that pages text (uses visible controls). Text (Directory - Drawer) Instruct Less formal instructions. Support Information on support and development of Aedit. Details Details of Aedit's software implementation. Addendum Additions and corrections. PageIt.instr Instructions for using the PageIt program. Rubbish (Directory) 2.2 Root Directory This is the window that first appears when the disk's icon is double clicked. Aedit should always reside either in the root directory or in the "C" directory. 2.2-1 Aedit ! This is the large model of Aedit (V2). It has all the features and commands presented in this manual. 2.2-2 Aedit.V1 i Small model Aedit (V1). Limited command set, menus, and gadgets. Designed for memory savings and for those who prefer 80 column lines or the CLI environment. Most of this manual applies to Aedit V1 (for exceptions see case 13.0). -2- 2.2-3 Read.First This file should be read first. Double click the icon to display its contents. 2.2-4 Tutorial Since many features of Aedit are best learned by simple experimentation, this file was designed to be read directly from Aedit's screen. This is the file that automatically appears when the tutorial icon (in Workbench) is double clicked. The icon appears as a box with the letters A-B-C on it. 2.2-5 PageIt This program can send numbered pages to the printer. It also eases the use of underline, boldface, italic, compressed, and double width printing. For instructions on its operation see the file "PageIt.instr" (case 2.3-5). 2.3 "Text" directory (Drawer) This directory (drawer) contains extra information on Aedit. 2.3-1 Instruct Less formal instructions written by a third party. Sometimes a different perspective on a product is easier to understand. Note that this file does not cover all aspects of Aedit and in the event of conflict, this manual shall prevail. 2.3-2 Support Information on the support available for Aedit as well as its continuing development is contained in the file "Support". 2.3-3 Details Implementation details and notes that could have some bearing on the user of Aedit. 2.3-4 Addendum This file contains the changes, additions, and corrections to this manual and Aedit. 2.3-5 PageIt.instr This file contains the instructions for the use of the program PageIt. This program provides paged printing and easy use of bold, underline, italic, compressed, and double width printing. 2.4 "Rubbish" Directory This directory (and its associated icon) function identically to the "Trashcan" icon normally found on Workbench disk. Its name and icon image were modified as a mild demonstration of icon adjusting. -3- 3.0 Starting Aedit 3.1 From WorkBench Under Workbench, Aedit is started in the standard fashion (ie. double clicking its icon). Double click the Tutorial icon for an on-screen tutorial of Aedit's features. In fact, double clicking any of Aedit's project (ie. text file) icons will load Aedit with that file. 3.1-1 Startup Aedit must not be in any drawers and must be on the same disk as the project if it is to function properly. This is necessary, because when Aedit's project icons are double clicked (activated), they look to the disk's first window (ie. root directory) for a copy of Aedit. There is a (cheater's) way to start Aedit with any text file (that has an icon) no matter what drawer or disk Aedit is on. * Hold the SHIFT key down. ! * Click the project you wish Aedit to start with. * Click Aedit's icon twice. * Release the SHIFT key. Aedit will then start with the selected project loaded. 3.1-2 Icons Text files (projects) saved by Adit have certain information stored on their icons. This information includes the tabstop setting (case 5.3-6) and the left and right margins (case 5.3-4) at the time the file was last saved. The shape of the icon indicates whether Aedit was in Text or Program mode (case 8.3) at the time the file was last saved. If a file that does not have an associated icon, is loaded into Aedit, then no icon is created when the file is saved. If a file has a non-Aedit icon associated with it, then that icon is re-saved with the file but is otherwise unmodified. WARNING: Do not SAVE (case 12.44) or PUT (case 12.40) text to the printer, use PRINT (case 12.39) instead. Otherwise an icon image will be sent to the printer and this will result in erroneous (ie. garbage) output. -4- 3.2 From CLI Aedit (particularly Aedit.V1) can be used while in the CLI environment. 3.2-1 Startup Copy Aedit to the 'C' directory or the root directory of your System disk. To start Aedit, merely type "aedit" at the CLI prompt. Various parameters are allowed when using CLI. This is Aedit's parameter template: From,-K=KEY WORD/K, -E=EXECUTE/K, -W=WORKBENCH/S, -F=FULL/ S From,-K=KEYWORD/K Aedit.V1 (small model). From File to automatically start with (optional). -K=KEYWORD/K Keyword file (case 12.27). -E=EXECUTE/R Automatic Execute file (case 12.19). -W=WORKBENCH/S Tell Aedit to recognize and create icons (case 3.1-2). -F=FULL/S Tell Aedit to start with a wide window (79 columns). 3.2-2 Initial Text File Aedit may be instructed to automatically load a file when it starts. Enter the file's name after the optional keyword "From". If no filename is entered then Aedit starts empty of text. Examples: 1> aedit Aedit starts empty. 1> aedit FileName Aedit loads file "FileName". 1> aedit from FileName Same as above. 3.2-3 Keyword File Aedit will allow case folding (case 12.27-1). To instruct Aedit on how it is to case fold, use the "-k" parameter. If this parameter is followed by a filename, then it will be used as the keyword file. If followed by a plain ":" then Aedit will do Assembler case folding (case 12.27-2). Examples: 1> aedit No case folding will occur. 1> aedit -k KeywordFile Use "KeywordFile" as keyword list. 1> aedit -k : Assembler case folding enabled. 1> aedit keyword : Assembler case folding enabled. -5- 3.0 Starting Aedit 3.2-4 Wide Window If the parameter "-f" (Full width) is used, Aedit will not render the right border gadgets. This results in 79 character lines. In all other respects, Aedit functions normally. This feature is not available with Aedit.V1. Examples: 1> aedit Normal 77 character width window. l> aedit -f Allow 79 character width window 1> aedit full Allow 79 character width window 3.2-5 Pseudo-Workbench When Aedit is started from CLI, it will neither recognize nor handle icons. To instruct Aedit to operate as if it was started from Workbench (enabling it to handle icons) use the "-w" parameter. Examples: 1> aedit Icons are not recognized, 1> aedit -w Icons are recognized. 1> aedit workbench Icons are recognized. 3.2-6 Auto Execute File To automatically execute (case 12.19) a file when Aedit starts, use the "-e" parameter. After the file (if any) is executed, Aedit remains active for normal editing. An auto-execute file will be performed after any file has been automatically loaded (case 3.2-2). Examples: 1> aedit Aedit starts normally, 1> aedit -e AutoExec File "AutoExec" is executed. 1> aedit execute AutoExec File "AutoExec" is executed. 1> aedit FileName -e AutoExec Load "FileName" then execute the file "AutoExec". -6- 4.O Definition of Terms Various terms or phrases will be used throughout this manual. Explaining each term every time it is used would be unacceptable. When one of these (possibly) unusual terms is used there will (almost always) be a reference to its explanation in this section, Thus, it is not necessary to read every definition. Merely referring to it when an unfamiliar term is used is sufficient. 4.1 Command Line The command line appears above the message line. It is used to manually enter commands into Aedit. See case 11.0 for a full explanation. 4.2 Current Buffer The Current Buffer is the buffer that has its text displayed. This is the buffer whose name appears in the title bar (case 5.1-3). The current buffer also has a checkmark by it in the Buffers menu (case 10.5). 4.3 Current Line The line that the cursor is on is considered the Current Line. 4.4 Current Pathname The current pathname is the complete name that appears in the title bar (case 5.1-3). 4.5 Current Paragraph The paragraph (case 4.9) that the cursor is in is considered the Current Paragraph. If the cursor happens to be on a blank line then there is no such thing as the current paragraph. In this case, Aedit usually just assumes that the current line is meant. 4.6 Line A line is a sequence of horizontal characters (including spaces) that extend from the left margin to the right margin. All of Aedit's text is composed of lines, whether or not they actually contain visible characters. Each line is given a logical number. The first line is number 1, the second is number 2, etc. 4.7 Message Line The message line is the bottom line in Aedit's window (case 5.3). Status information is also displayed here. 4.8 Page A page (for movement purposes) is defined as the number of visible text lines, less two. Thus, if there are 23 text lines, a page is any group of 21 lines. -7- 4.0 Definition of Terms ) 4.9 Paragraph ' A paragraph is defined as any sequence of lines (containing visible characters) bounded by blank lines. The start of text (logical line 0) is also considered a blank line for this purpose. You will notice that this definition precludes double spaced paragraphs. 4.10 Pathnames A Pathname is defined as the whole filename specification. This includes both the directory path and the actual name of the file. The current pathname is displayed in the title bar of the window (case 5.1-3). Current Pathname Directory path Filename SYS:c/text SYS:c/ text df1:one/two/three/filename df1:one/two/three/ filename Text.e Text.e df0:file df0: file 4.10-1 Pathname Shortcuts Aedit allows some flexibility in specifying a filename when using the command line (case 11.0). Whenever a filename is called for, entering just a filename will actually mean the current directory path plus the entered filename. Entering just a directory path will actually mean the entered directory path plus the current filename. If the characters "/" or ":" appear in the entered path name then it will not be modified. For example, if the current pathname is "df1:dir/oldfile" then... Entering... will produce... newfile df1:dir/newfile df0: df0:oldfile old/newfile one/newfile df1:test df1:test ' dir/ dir/oldfile sys:C/ sys:c/oldfile ! i The utility of this feature becomes apparent when it comes to saving or loading files. For example, if the current pathname is "df0:one/two/file"... The command... Is equivalent to... SAVE df1: SAVE df1:file ) SAVE file.bak SAVE df0:one/two/file.bak LOAD next LOAD df0:one/two/next LOAD SYS:c/ LOAD SYS:c/file ! LOAD sub/test LOAD sub/test -8- J Definition of Terms 4.10-2 Shortcut Restrictions You will notice that in the previous examples, whenever just a directory path is entered, it ends in either a "/" or a "!". This is how Aedit determines that you are specifying a directory path and not a complete filename. 4.11 Sentence A sentence is defined as any sequence of words that ends in either the ".", ":", "!", or "?" characters followed by a space. 4.12 Word When in Text mode (case 8.3-1) a word is defined as any sequence of characters bounded by either a space or the beginning of a line. When in Program mode (case 8.3-2) a word is defined as any sequence of alphanumeric characters bounded by non-alphanumeric characters or the beginning of a line. 4.13 Undo List An "Undo List" is a record of the last 300 lines that have been changed, deleted, or modified. Aedit uses this list to 'take back' (case 6.1-9) modifications to the text. Since each buffer (case 7.0) contains its own separate list, there is a possibility of having up to 9 Undo lists. 5.0 SCREEN LAYOUT All the standard Workbench gadgets that appear in Aedit's window have; the standard effects. Familiarity with these gadgets by the reader is assumed. Aedit's window layout is logically grouped into three areas. The top border contains status information and gadgets, the right border contains the text positioning gadgets, and the bottom border contains Aedit's numerical statistics and messages. The middle of the window, of course, displays the actual text. 5.1 Top Border Aedit's status, current buffer, current file name, and mode gadgets appear on the top border. The righthand gadgets (exclusive of the Front/Back gadgets) correspond to the function keys F1 through F5 (in sequence). Pressing the function key is equivalent to clicking the gadget. The top border in detail from left to right... 5.1-1 Close Window Gadget The Close Window gadget terminates editing in the current buffer (case 7.0). If the current buffer is not empty of text then a requester with three options (Exit, Save, and Cancel) will appear. Select "Save" to save the file before exiting, "Exit" to leave Aedit without saving the text, and "Cancel" to abort the requester, leaving the current buffer and Aedit intact. -9- The last read buffer so exited will terminate Aedit (ie. program stopped and memory deallocated). If more than one buffer is currently present (case 7.0) then Aedit will bring up the lowest numbered buffer as the new current buffer. 5.1-2 "#>" The number that appears in the title bar area of the window refers to the current buffer (case 4.2). The values can range from "1>" to "9>", each corresponds the buffers numbered 1 through 9. 5.1-3 Window Title Bar The complete file pathname of the current buffer is displayed here. Approximately 60 characters can be displayed (depending on window size and Aedit version). If the complete pathname is too long, it is truncated to fit. The actual filename and directory path are unaffected by this. 5.1-4 Display Status Gadget This gadget causes the bottom status line (case 5.3) to be redisplayed. Since messages erase the status line, this gadget is often used. Pressing the F1 key has the same effect as clicking this gadget. Insert Overstrike 5.1-5 Insert/Overstrike Gadget This gadget displays and controls Insert/Overstrike mode (case 8.1). Aedit starts out, like all previous Commodore computers, in Overstrike mode. Clicking the gadget or pressing the F2 key will toggle between the two modes. -10- Disabled Enabled 5.1-6 Newline Gadget This gadget displays and controls Newline mode (case 8.2) of Aedit. Clicking the gadget or pressing the F3 key will enable/disable this mode. Newline mode causes every press of the RETURN key to create a new blank line. Text Program 5.1-7 Text/Program Gadget This gadget displays and controls Text/Program mode (case 8.3). Aedit starts in Program mode (flowchart). Clicking the gadget or pressing the F4 key will toggle between the two modes. Text mode allows word wrapping and paragraph formatting (case 12.23) to occur. Program mode attempts to keep lines intact (ie. avoids automatic line splits). Disabled Enabled 5.1-8 Mark Text Gadget This gadget controls Mark (Select) mode (case 8.4) in Aedit. Clicking the gadget or pressing the F5 key enables/disables Mark mode. When mark mode is enabled, one can highlight text for subsequent manipulation (case 9.0). Mark mode is automatically activated if the left mouse button is held down while the mouse is moved. 5.1-9 Front/Back Gadgets These gadgets function in the standard Workbench fashion. 5.2 Right Border The right border of Aedit's window consists of gadgets that adjust the text display in the window. If one imagines that the text in Aedit is fixed and just the window of observation is moved around, then the function of these gadgets will make sense. The right border does not exist in Aedit V1 and can be disabled in Aedit V2 (case 3.2-4). -11- 5.2-1 Up/Down Arrow Gadgets ; These gadgets move.the display window through the text in increments of 5 lines. The Up Arrow gadget causes the current line to move toward the start of the first line of text. The Down Arrow gadget operates in reverse. 5.2-2 Page Gadgets The Page Gadgets (appearing as small dog eared pages) move the display window through the text by one page (case 4.8), The Page Gadget next to the Up Arrow Gadget causes the current line to move toward the first line of text. The other Page Gadget moves the current line toward the end of the text. 5.2-3 Page Slider Gadget This gadget appears as a filled rectangle (slider) within a vertical box. The position of the slider corresponds with the position of the visible text page within the whole text file. Clicking inside the box but not on the slider has the same effect (approximately) as the Page Gadgets. Holding the left mouse button down while the mouse is pointing at the slider will allow it to be moved. When the button is released, Aedit will adjust the visible text to match the new position of the slider. 5.3 Bottom Border The bottom border is used for two purposes. One, to display any messages and two, to display Aedit's numerical status values (eg. current line number). Messages will overwrite the status line, so use the F1 key (case 6.1-1) to redisplay it. 5.3-1 Visible Left Margin i The first value is the leftmost column of the display window. This number is preceded by the "^" character. Every time the cursor is moved past either of the visible window margins, the current view of the text will shift by 11 spaces. This is reflected in the status line. Use the RETURN key to bring the visible window to its 'natural' position of column 1. 5.3-2 Current Line Number The 'Current Line' is the line that the cursor is on. The number of this line is displayed after "Line:". Lines in Aedit start at number 1 and continue indefinitely; there is no practical line number limit. 5.3-3 Cursor Column The current column of the cursor is displayed after "Col:". It is limited by the left and right margin limits (case 5.3-4). When the cursor is moved past the displayed window edge, the text will shift by 11 characters to keep the cursor visible (case 5.3-1). -12- 5.3-4 Left Margin The current left margin setting is displayed after "L.Mar:". This is the leftward limit of cursor movement and text positioning. The left margin setting may be changed from the menu or the MARGIN command (case 12.31). An attempt to move the cursor further left than this margin limit will actually result in a move to the space beyond the last character of the previous line. 5.3-5 Right Margin The current right margin setting is displayed after "R.Mar:". This is the rightward limit of cursor movement and text positioning. Aedit defaults to a right margin setting of 512 (this is also the maximum). The right margin setting may be changed from the menu or the MARGIN command (case 12.31). An attempt to move the cursor further right than this margin limit will actually result in a move to the start of the following line. Note: When in Text mode (case 8.3.1) the cursor is allowed to move to the column just past the right margin limit. This is a side effect of implementing word wrap. 5.3-6 Tab Setting The current tab increment is displayed after "Tab:". Every press of the TAB key moves the cursor to the next column that is evenly divisible by the current tab setting (column 1 is always a tab stop). Example: The tabstop setting is 5; the cursor will stop on columns 1, 5, 10, 15, 20, etc, The current tabstops may be changed from the menu or the TABSTOP command (case 12.48), 5.3-7 End Text Line The number of the last line (that contains visible characters) is displayed after "End:", The cursor is not limited by this maximum line. 5.3-8 Dynamic Memory Size The current total of all dynamically allocated memory is displayed after "Size:". This total can be used to keep Aedit within memory limits. You will notice that each buffer that is activated (case 7.0) uses about 200 bytes and each line of text uses 13 bytes in addition to the number of characters in the line. NOTE: This value represents the TOTAL allocated memory, This includes ALL the buffers (case 7.0) and their Undo lists (case 4.13). On a 512K Amiga if this value exceeds 300000 then an 'Out of Memory' guru meditation is likely. 5,j-9 Literal Character Value The actual decimal value of the character that is currently under the cursor is shown between the "[]". The value of this number comes into play when dealing with literal control characters (case 6.1-8). -13- 6.0 KEYBOARD LAYOUT The standard typewriter characters and the international characters (hold ALT key down) are available. Most function keys are defined as well as many control (hold the CTRL key down) keys. There are also some extra abilities attached to some of the normal control keys (eg. RETURN, TAB, etc). The modifier keys (ALT, SHIFT, and CTRL) have a hierarchy. CTRL: Greatest (strongest) modifier or signifies above. SHIFT: Medium modifier or signifies current line. ALT: Weakest modifier or signifies below. 6.1 Function Keys Function keys F1 through F5 correspond the five gadgets in the window's title bar. Some function keys have more than one ability. When this is the case, one uses a modifier key (eg. CTRL, SHIFT, or ALT) when pressing the function key. 6.1-1 F1 Display Status This key is a substitute for clicking the Status Gadget (case 5.1-4). Its purpose is to replace any messages with the status line (case 5.3). ; CTRL-F1 causes the last command entered at the command line (case 11.0) to be inserted below the cursor in the text. Mnemonic: Top modifier key gets line from top section (ie. text area). ALT-F1 causes the current line to be copied to the command line. This allows commands in the text file to be easily fetched to the command line for execution. Mnemonic: Bottom modifœier key gets line from bottom section (ie. command line). 6.1-2 F2 Insert/Overstrike This key toggles between Insert and Overstrike mode (case 8.1). Insert mode functions like ED, while Overstrike mode functions like previous Commodore computers. 6.1-3 F3 Newline This key activates/deactivates Newline mode (case 8.2). When in Newline mode, pressing RETURN creates a new line that the cursor is moved to. CTRL-F3 creates a new line above the current line. ALT-F3 creates a new line below the current line. -14- 6.1-4 F4 Text/Program This key toggles between Text and Program mode (case 8.3). 6.1-5 F5 Mark This key activates/deactivates Mark mode (case 8.4). When in Mark mode, moving the cursor causes text highlighting, This highlighted (selected) text can then be CUT, ERASEd, PASTEd, etc (case 9.0). ' 6.1-6 F6 Undo Deletion This key removes all entries in the Undo list (case 4.13) that is associated with the current buffer. The memory savings may be noticed by a drop in the size of allocated dynamic memory (case 5.3-8), 6.1-7 F7 Recover The F7 key will restore the current line to its condition prior to any modifications, This will only work if its previous condition was not blank and you haven't moved the cursor off the line. If you have moved the cursor then use the F9 key to restore it. Mnemonic: In Craps, roll a 7 and get your money back -- press the F7 key and get your line back. 6.1-8 F8 Literal Control Character Entry Use of the F8 function key allows the entry of nonprintable key to be literalized appears and Aedit waits for you to press the key to be entered into text (eg. ^F, RETURN, BACKSPACE, etc). The character entered will appear the same color as the cursor. This signifies that it is nonprintable. The character used matches the character one would have to press while holding down the CTRL key. Example: the literal for the TAB key appears as "I". This is because the horizontal tab (HT) is universally available by pressing the CTRL and the "I" key at the same time. Pressing F8 while Aedit is waiting for a character to be literalized, safely aborts the process. To determine the actual value of any literal character, move the cursor on top of it and examine the status line (see case 5.3-9). Here is an example of entering the ASCII BackSpace character. * Position the cursor where the CTRL character is to go. * Press the F8 key. * Press the capital letter "H" or the BACKSPACE key. -15- 6.1-9 F9 Undo This key will undo and changes to the text. It is limited to the last 300 lines of changed (modified, deleted. or inserted) text. Use the F6 key to clear the Undo list (case 4.13). Mnemonic: A cat has 9 lives -- the F9 key gives your text 9 lives as well. 6.1-10 F10 Echo Line Use the F10 key to echo (duplicate) the current line. The line is duplicated below the current line. Mnemonic: Note, except, maybe that F10 is the only function key with two numbers on it. CTRL-F10 will reexecute the last command entered at the command line (case 11.0). SHIFT-F10 will continue a search (case 11.33) using the last search text entered at the command line (case 11.0). 6.2 Normal Control Keys The normal control keys consist of the DEL, BACKSPACE, TAB, ESC, UP/DOWN/RIGHT/LEFT arrows, ENTER, RETURN, and sometimes the "-" character on the keypad. There are extra abilities assigned to these keys. They are available by holding down one of the modifier keys (CTRL, SHIFT, and ALT) and pressing the key to be modified. A modified key entry is written, for example, as follows; ALT-ENTER means hold down the ALT key while pressing the ENTER key. 6.2-1 BACKSPACE This key deletes the character to the left of the cursor, It closes up any text from the cursor's position rightward, Th BACKSPACE key will not function if the cursor is at the left margin (case 5.3-4). If there is marked text (case 8.4) then the BACKSPACE key will ERASE it (case 12.17), SHIFT-BACKSPACE or ALT-BACKSPACE will insert a blank space at the cursor position. All characters from the cursor rightward will be moved to make room. 6.2-2 DEL This key deletes the character at the cursor's position if there is a visible character at this position or rightward. If there is marked text (case 8.4) then the DEL key will DELETE it (case 12.11). In all other cases it functions identical to BACKSPACE. SHIFT-DEL will insert a blank space at the cursor's position. All characters from the cursor rightward will be moved to make room. Same as ALT-SPACE (case 6.2-9). ALT-DEL is the only way to enter the umlated Y. Note that this is a deviation from the usual method of using ALT-keypad minus. -16- 6.2-3 ESC The ESC key is used to toggle the command line (case 11.0). When ESC is first pressed the command line appears at the bottom of the window (just above the message/status line). If a command is entered and the RETURN or ENTER key is pressed, the command is executed and the command line disappears. Otherwise, pressing the ESC key before a command is executed will toggle the command line - off, but it remains visible. Pressing ESC again will pick up where one left off. 6.2-4 RETURN/ENTER The RETURN and ENTER keys have identical functions. Any reference to RETURN applies to ENTER as well. The RETURN key is used to move the cursor to the left margin on the following line. If the command line (case 11.0) is active then pressing RETURN will cause the comma ld to be executed (removing the command line). CTRL-RETURN causes the cursor to move to the start of the previous line. SHIFT-RETURN causes the cursor to move to the start if the current line. ALT-RETURN causes the cursor to move to the same column as the first visible character in the current line and then move down to following line. This helps the entry of indented text. 6.2-5 TAB The TAB key moves the cursor to the next tabstop position. There is a tabstop position in both the right and left margins and every column that is evenly divisable by the current tabstop setting (case 5.3-6). Example: If the current setting is 5 then there are tabstops in columns 1, 5, 10, 15, etc. SHIFT-TAB or ALT-TAB causes the cursor to move to the previous tabstop. 6.2-6 UP/DOWN Cursor Unmodified, these keys move the cursor up or down one line. The cursor is allowed to move past the last line of text, but not allowed to move before line 1. If blank lines are needed before line one, use the CTRL-. key (case 6.3-1). CTRL-UP/DOWN moves the cursor to the first or last line of text (not counting blank lines). SHIFT-UP/DOWN moves the current view 0; the text up or down by one page. A page is defined as the number of text lines visible, minus two, ALT-UP/DOWN moves the cursor by 5 lines. -17- 6.2-7 RIGHT/LEFT Cursor Unmodified, these keys move the cursor right or left by one column. Moving left of the current left margin (case 5.3-4) causes the cursor to move to just past the last character of the previous line. Moving right of the current right margin causes the cursor to move to the left margin of the following line. CTRL-RIGHT/LEFT moves the cursor to just past the last character (right) or to the first character (left) of the current line. SHIFT-RIGHT/LEFT causes the cursor to move right or left by 20 columns. This movement is limited by the right and left margins (case 5.3-4), ALT-RIGHT/LEFT causes the cursor to move to the start of the following/preceding word. A word in Text mode (case 8.3-1) is defined as any continuous non blank characters. A word in Program mode (case 8.3-2) is defined as any continuous alphanumeric characters (a-z, A-Z, and 0-9). 6.2-8 Keypad "-" Unmodified, this key types the minus "-" symbol. Modified (CTRL, SHIFT, or ALT), it is used to delete lines. Its unusual placement should avoid any accidental line deletions. CTRL-keypad minus deletes the current line. Text above the current line is moved downward. The cursor now lives on what was the previous line. SHIFT-keypad minus deletes the current line, but leaves its space in the text. ALT-keypad minus deletes the current line. Text below the current line is moved upward. The cursor now lives on what was the following line. 6.2-9 ALT-SPACE This will insert a space at the cursor's position. Characters are shifted to make room. 6.3 CTRL Keys There are many functions available to the CTRL keys. These are keys that are pressed while the CTRL key is held down (hereafter written as either "key or CTRL-key). The case of the character entered is important. Example: *a is not the same as *A. -18- The *. key (same key that has ">") is used to split the current line. It is also used to create blank lines. When the cursor is at the beginning of the line then "*." will create a blank line above the cursor line. When the cursor is past the last character of the line then it will create a blank line below the cursor line. In Program mode (case 8.3.2) the line will be split at the cursor's position. The tail of the line will not be moved flush with the left margin. When in Text mode (case 8.3.1) the line will be split at the nearest space left of the cursor's position. The tail of the line will be moved flush with the left margin. If there are no spaces left of the cursor then the line will split at the cursor's position. 6.3-2 Line Join The *, key (same key that has "<") is used to join the following of the current line.* IE this process will result in a line that will be longer than 512 characters, then the message "Maximum Line Length Exceeded" will be displayed and the lines will not be joined. It is not possible to Join a blank line (either as the current or the following line). 6.3-3 Repeat Operation Certain operations in Aedit may be repeated by a simple keystroke. ^F10 Repeat the last command entered as the command line. Mnemonic: This is the same key that has the "?" character, also used to reprint the command line. ^g Continues searching according to the last search string entered. Mnemonic: "Go", 6.3-4 Cursor Moves The following *keys move the cursor to.,. ^d down one page, Same as SHIFT-DOWN (case 6.2.6). ^e the top left position in the window (ie, Home position), ^I Tab rightward. ^i Tab leftward, ^J Same as RETURN (case 6.2-4). ^j Same as CTRL-RETURN (case 6.2-4), ^M Same as SHIFT-RETURN (case 6.2-4). ^m Same as ALT.RETURN (case 6.2-4). ^P Move to the previous paragraph starting position. ^p just past the last character of the current paragraph. ^s just past the next ".", ":", "!", or ";" (ie. sentence). ^u up one page. Same as SHIFT-UP (case 6.2-6) ^w the start of the next word. Same as ALT-RIGHT (case 6.2-7). ^j Toggles between left and right window position on -19- current line. 6.3-5 Deletions The following keys delete lines or characters. ^b Delete current line (text moves up). ^B Delete current line (text moves down). ^H BACKSPACE substitute. ^L Delete current line, leaving blank line. ^Y Erase from the cursor (exclusive) to the start of the line. ^y Erase from the cursor (inclusive) to the end of the line. 6.3-6 Insertions The following keys insert lines or spaces. ^A Inserts blank line above the current line then performs a CTRL-RETURN (6.2-4). ^a Inserts a blank line below the current line then performs an ALT-RETURN (6.2-4). ^h Insert a blank character; same as SHIFT-DEL (case 6.2-2). 6.3-7 Miscellaneous ^[ Substitute for the ESC key (case 6.2-3). ^c Stop whatever Aedit is doing (if possible). ^f Flip the case of the highlighted character(s) (case 8.4-1). ^r Reformat the current paragraph (case 4.5). 6.4 AMIGA Selection There is a quick way to mark (case 8.4-1) pieces of text for processing. The original method involves using F5 (case 6.1-5) and then using the cursor movement keys to highlight text or holding the left mouse button down while dragging the mouse around. Using the AMIGA-Selection method requires that you hold down the left AMIGA key (the key to the immediate left of the space bar) while pressing a letter key. The letter keys defined are... LAMIGA-l Marks the current line. LAMIGA-p Marks the current paragraph, LAMIGA-s Marks to the end of the current sentence. LAMIGA-w Marks a word. These selection keys leave Aedit in Mark mode (case 8.4) subsequent AMIGA selections will highlight succeeding sections of text. -20- 7.0 Buffers Aedit contains nine (9) identical buffers for holding text. They may be used simultaneously and all are treated equally by Aedit. Aedit starts up in buffer #1, but one is allowed to switch between them with impunity, It is like having 9 copies of Aedit running at the same time, but using considerably less memory. All buffers that contain text have their name displayed in the Buffers menu (case 10.5). The number of the currently displayed buffer appears in the title bar (case 5.1-3) before the ">" character. 7.1 Buffer Characteristics Each of Aedit's buffers begins (except buffer #1) deactivated. This means that the buffer contains no text and uses no memory. Any buffer that has no name displayed in the Buffers menu (case 10.5) is deactivated. If a name appears then it is activated (regardless of whether or not it actually contains text). The act of switching to a buffer, automatically activates it if it isn't already. When a buffer is first activated it is given the default name of "Text.e", Each buffer keeps track of its own Undo list (case 4.13), Mark mode (case 8.4), Text/Program mode (case 8.3), margin limits (case 5.3-4), tabstops (case 5.3-6), and cursor position. This allows switching between the buffers without losing one's place in each. 7.2 Switching Between Buffers Switching between buffers can be accomplished in three ways. 1) Clicking on the desired buffer name in the menu (case 10.5). 2) Holding down the right Amiga key and pressing the number key (or function key) that matches the buffer number you wish to switch to, 3) Use the BUFFER command (case 12.5). 7.3 Buffer Deactivating When a buffer is deactivated, any text it contains is deleted along with any associated memory (ie. its Undo list). Merely switching out of a buffer that is empty of text will not deactivate it. There are three ways to deactivate a buffer. 1) Use the EXIT command (case 12.20). Current text will first be saved. 2) Use the SYSTEM command (case 12.48), Current text is not saved. 3) Click the Close Window gadget (case 5.1-1). -21- When a buffer is deactivated, Aedit will bring the lowest numbered (active) buffer up as the current buffer. 8.0 Modes There are several Modes that Aedit can operate in. These modes change the character of Aedit's operation. The purpose is generally to allow one to have Aedit operate in a fashion comfortable to the user. Far example: Those who learned on Commodore machines will probably prefer Overstrike mode (case 8.1-2), whereas those who learned on EMACS (a public domain editor) will probably prefer Insert mode (case 8.1-1). The currently activated modes are displayed by the gadgets in the title bar of the window. The function keys associated with these gadgets and modes are in the same sequence (F2 through F5; left to right) for easy rememberi4g. Note: The use of the word mode here is somewhat misleading. Read it as style of operation. The traditional meaning of mode would apply more to the concept of the command line (case 11.0) or (possibly) Mark mode (case 8.4). 8.1 Insert/Overstrike Mode Use the F2 key to toggle between these modes. The differences between these modes is apparent only when there is text to the right of the cursor. 8.1-1 Insert Mode While in Insert mode, any character entered will cause the characters from the cursor's position (inclusive) to slide rightward to make room. If inserting a character would cause the line to exceed 512 characters in length, then the message "Maximum Line Length Exceeded" will be displayed. Character entry of such a long line is prohibited while in Insert Mode. Solution: Split the line (case 6.3-1) or enter Overstrike mode. Insert mode is best suited for entering text in the middle of a line. 8.1-2 Overstrike Mode While in Overstrike mode, any character entered will replace the character under the cursor. This is the method all previous Commodore computers operated under. Overstrike mode is best suited for replacing or correcting text. 8.2 Newline Mode Use the F3 key to activate/deactivate this mode. When activated, a blank line is created at the press of every RETURN or ALT-RETURN. Use SHIFT-RETURN to move the cursor to left margin without creating a new line. Combine this mode with Insert mode and Aedit will function similarly to ED. - 22 - 8.3 Text/Program Mode Use the F4 key to toggle between these two modes. 8.3.1 Text Mode Text mode is designed to ease entry of non-program text (eg. letters, documents, etc.). While in Text mode, entering a word that would extend past the right margin (case 5.3-5) is automatically moved to a newly created line. The is called 'Word Wrapping'. Words are defined as any sequence of non-space characters. While in Text mode, no case folding (case 12.27-1) will occur. 8.3-2 Program Mode Program mode is designed to ease the entry of indented text, such as programs. 'Word Wrapping' will not occur. Words (for ALT-Right/Left purposes) are defined as any sequence of alpha-numeric characters. Marking text (case 8.4-1) that extends over more than one line is limited to marking whole lines. Line split (case 6.3-1) leaves the tail of the line at the same column position. CTRL-a moves the cursor to the same column as the first character of the previous line. 8.4 Mark Mode Mark (Select) mode is only available in Aedit V2. Use the F5 key or the mouse to activate/deactivate this mode. 8.4-1 Marking Text Text can be marked (highlighted) in two ways. The first method requires that you position the mouse then hold the left button down while dragging the mouse around. The second method requires that you activate Mark mode (press F5 or click the Mark -mode gadget) then use the cursor movement keys to highlight the text. 8.4-2 Marking Text "Shortcuts" There are some shortcuts to marking text. The following key sequences automatically enter Mark mode and highlight a portion of text. Hold the left AMIGA key down while pressing the following keys... 1 Highlights the current line. p Highlights the current paragraph. 5 Highlights to the end 05 the current sentence, w Highlights the current word. Using these keys while in Mark mode causes the selection of the following (expected) portions of text. -23- 8.4-3 Using Marked Text Once text is marked, there are several operations that may be performed on the selected text. These invariably use the Clipboard (case 9.0). 8.4-4 Limitations to Marking Text When in Program mode (case 8.3-2) one is limited to marking either part of a single line or a series of whole lines. This eases the marking of text in an environment that treats whole lines as the smallest significant unit of text (such as a program). 9.0 Clipboard Operations Text that is marked (case 8.4-1) can be manipulated through the use of the Clipboard. The Clipboard is a universal 'holding tank' for text. All additions to the Clipboard replace any previous contents and remain there until replaced. This is true even in the current buffer (case 4.2) is changed or even exited (case 7.3). Thus, the Clipboard transcends Aedit's buffers and even Aedit itself. There is only one Clipboard for Aedit, no matter how many copies of Aedit are running at the same time. This Clipboard sharing can be used to COPY (case 12.8) a section of text from one file in order to be PASTED (case 12.38) into another, regardless of which buffer or Aedit program the destination file is in. Note: In order for the Clipboard to be used, the Ram Device must be available. The first time the Clipboard is used the file "Devs:/ram.device" will be looked for. The file is usually found on the System (Workbench) disk. A requester may appear, asking for the appropriate disk to be inserted (if it isn't inserted already). 9.1 COPY to Clipboard This moves a copy of the marked text into the Clipboard (for future use). After a COPY, the text remains highlighted. further operations may be performed with this text, but any normal keypress will cancel the highlighted text and bring Aedit into normal operation. Here are the methods of copying text. 1) Select the menu item "Copy" (case 10.3-3). 2) Press the right AMIGA and the "c" key. 3) Use the COPY command (case 12.8). Clipboard Operations 9.2 CUT to Clipboard This copies the marked text into the clipboard and then deletes the text, including the space it occupied. A CUT is used to remove text that is to be PASTEd (case 9.5) elsewhere. Here are the methods of cutting text, 1) Select the menu item "Cut" (case 10.3-2). 2) Press the right AMIGA and the "x" key, 3) Press the DEL key (while text is highlighted). 4) Use the CUT command (case 12.10). 9.3 DUPLICATE using Clipboard This copies the marked text into the clipboard and then PASTEs (case 9.5) this copy to the end of the marked text. The marked text is left intact. If only a single line needs to be duplicated then use the F10 function (case 6.1.10), Here are the other methods of duplicating. 1) Select the menu item "Duplicate" (case 10.3-6). 2) Press the right AMIGA and the "d" key. 3) Use the DUPLICATE command (case 12.12). 9.4 ERASE to Clipboard This copies the marked text into the Clipboard and then deletes the text, but leaves the space it occupied. This operation may differ from other programs that "erase" text, in that Aedit saves a copy of the erased text into the Clipboard. These are the methods of erasing. 1) Select the menu item "Erase" (case 10.3-5). 2) Press the right AMIGA and the "e" key. 3) Press the BACKSPACE key (while text is highlighted). 4) Use the ERASE command (case 12.17), 9.5 PASTE from Clipboard This takes the contents of the Clipboard and inserts it into the text at the cursor's position. The contents of the Clipboard remain unchanged. A PASTE automatically creates room for the inserted text (ie. it does not replace or overwrite existing text). These are the methods of pasting. 1) Select the menu item "Paste" (case 10.3-4). 2) Press the right AMIGA and the "p" key. 3) Use the PASTE command (case 12.38), -25- 10.0 Menus Aedit (not Aedit VI) can be controlled through the use of its menus. The menus are displayed in standard Workbench fashion (ie. press the right mouse button). Certain menu selections may be made by holding down the right AMIGA key and pressing a letter or number key. The particular key to use depends on the menu function desired. Each menu item that is allowed to be selected in this way will dispLay the character to be pressed. 10.1 Menu Requesters Several menu selections require further information before any action takes place. In these cases, a requester appears in the window. This requester will consist of a long 'box' located above two other boxes. If the information (usually a filename) in the long box is correct then click the lower left box (eg. "Save", "Open", etc.). If the information is incorrect, then click the long box (a cursor will appear) and use the keyboard to correct the information it contains. Pressing RETURN or clicking the lower left box will proceed with the operation. If you wish to cancel this menu selection, then click the lower right box ("Cancel"). In any case, the requester will then disappear. When entering text in the requester's text box (the long skinny one), one is always in Insert mode (case 8.1-1) regardless of the current setting displayed on the title bar (case 5.1-3). There are also several control keys available. 10.1-1 RAMIGA-X Holding the right AMIGA key down and pressing the "x" character will erase any previous contents in the requester's text box. The cursor must be visible (ie. the box must have been clicked) for this key to have any effect. 10.1-2 RAMIGA-Q Holding the right AMIGA key down and pressing the "q" character will cause the text to revert to its original setting. This allows a quick way to 'take back' any changes one has made to the text (of the requester). 10.1-3 BACKSPACE The BACKSPACE key functions in a requester's text box in the same manner it functions elsewhere. 10.1.4 DEL The DEL key (in a requested) functions in a slightly unusual way. It will delete the character under the cursor (closing up the text), but will not function as BACKSPACE when there are no characters to the right of the cursor. 10.2 Project The "Project" menu is used for file (text) input and output. 10.2-1 New to give A requester will appear asking for the new name you wish this buffer (case 7.0). The text box in the requester will contain the current directory path (case 4.4). After entering the name and pressing RETURN or clicking the "New" box, the current buffer will be erased of text, the Undo list will be cleared (case 4.13), and the buffer's name will be changed. Clicking, "Cancel" will leave the text, Undo buffer, and name intact. 10.2-2 Open A requester will appear asking for the name of the file you wish to load that will replace the current one. The text box in the requester will contain the current directory path (case 4.4). After entering the name and pressing RETURN or clicking the "Open" box, the current buffer will be cleared of text and the file with the entered name will be loaded. While Aedit is loading the file other menu selections may be made, but any other form of input is ignored until Aedit has finished. While Aedit is loading the file, the message "Loading File . . . Please wait" will be displayed on the message line (case 4.7) to let you know that Aedit is temporarily busy. If Aedit could not open the file then the appropriate error message will be displayed (case 14.0), but the current buffer will still be cleared of text. Clicking "Cancel" will leave the current buffer intact. If Aedit was activated from Workbench then it will load the project's (file's) icon (if it has any). If the project was created in Aedit, then the current margins, tabstops, and Text/Program mode will be changed to match the settings Aedit had when that file was last saved. 10.2-3 Save The currently displayed buffer (case 4.2) will be saved using the current filename (case 4.4). While Aedit is saving the text, other menu selections may be made, but any other form of input is ignored until Aedit has finished. The message "Saving file . . . Please wait" will appear on the message line (case 4.7) to let you know that Aedit is temporarily busy. If the file could not be save then the appropriate error message will be displayed (case 14.0). -27- If Aedit was activated from Workbench then an icon will be will contain information about the current margins, tabstop settings, and Text/Program mode. When the project (file) is subsequently OPENed (case 12.37) then Aedit will conform to this information. 10.2-4 Save As The 'Save As' menu item allows one to save the current buffer (case 4.2) under a different name. A requester will appear asking for the name you wish the current buffer to be saved under. You are not limited to the current directory path (case 4.4) that appears in the requester. Use the RAMIGA-X key (case 10.1-1) to clear the displayed directory path. This menu item functions identically to the "Save" menu item. You may even enter the name "PRT:", for example, to send the file to the printer, but this is NOT recommended. Icon data is output when using the 'Save As' menu item and this will result in printer garbage. If you wish to print the current buffer then use the "Print to" menu item. 10.2-5 Append To ! This menu item will attach the current buffer's text to the end of the specified file that one enters in the requester. The current buffer is left unchanged and no icon is created or modified with this menu item. This can be useful when creating a large file out of several smaller ones. 10.2-6 Print To The current buffer will be printed to the device that you select in this menu item's submenu (eg. PRT:, PAR:, SER:). If the text is to be printed on a device that is not mentioned in this submenu, then pick the option "Other". A requester will then appear asking you for the correct device. While Aedit is printing text other menu selections may be made, but any other form of input is ignored until Aedit is finished. The message "Printing File . . . Please Wait" will appear on the message line (case 4.7) to let you know that Aedit is temporarily busy. Printed text does not have its icon data output (case 3.1-2) and every text line is terminated with a carriage return (hex $OD, decimal 13) and a line feed (hex $0A, decimal 10). Picking the subitem "Other" can allow the printing to be sent to a file. Just enter the filename when the requester appears. A file saved in this manner will not quite be the same as one saved normally. Normal files terminate each line of text with just the line feed character. Aedit will be able to load such files, but the extra carriage return will be visible as an off color "M" (case 5.3-9) at the end of each line. -28- i 10.2-7 Load A requester will appear asking for the name of the file that is to be inserted below the line that the cursor is on. The buffer's current contents are not removed by this load. While Aedit is loading text other menu selections may be made, but any other form of input is ignored until Aedit is finished, The message "Loading File . . . Please Wait" appears on the message line (case 4.7) to let you know that Aedit is temporarily busy. The "Load" menu item allows one to piece together text in whatever order or composition desired. This kind of text loading does not use the loaded file's icon (assuming it has any) nor does it change the filename of the current buffer (case 4.2). 10.3 Edit The Edit menu is a mostly collection of related Clipboard operations (case 9.0). Picking a menu item will usually perform some action on marked text (case 8.4-1). The exceptions to this are the items "Undo" and "Paste". 10.3-1 Undo The item functions in an identical manner to the F9 (Undo) key (case 6.1-9). It recovers and changed, deleted, or inserted line to its previous condition. There is a 300 line limit to this memory and each buffer (case 7.0) keeps track of its own Undo list (case 4.13). If there is nothing in the Undo buffer then this menu item will be 'ghosted' (covered with dots), If ghosted then no Undos are allowed. Use the F6 (clear Undo buffer) key (case 6.1-6) to clear the current buffer's Undo list. 10.3-2 Cut The 'Cut' menu item deletes any marked (case 8.4-1) text and places it in the Clipboard (case 9.0). Remaining text is closed up to remove the space occupied by the cut (deleted) text. If part of a line is highlighted then a 'Cut' will not remove the actual line. The text on the line will be removed, but the line (space) itself will remain, The proper way to mark an entire line (for removal) is to hold the right AMIGA key down and press "L" (case 8.4-2). While in Program mode a whole line can be marked by entering Mark mode (case 8.4) and then cursoring off then back on the line to be selected. 10.3-3 Copy the Clipboard A 'Copy' will put any marked (case 8.4-1) text into (case 9.0), replacing the Clipboard's previous contents, but not modifying any text in Aedit. The text remains marked in order to allow further operations (eg. case changing: case 10.3-7). Any unrelated keystroke (ie. not applicable to marked text) will unhighlight the text, bringing Aedit into its normal condition. 10.3-4 Paste 'Paste' will insert the current contents of the clipboard (case 9.0) into the text at the position of the cursor. The contents of the Clipboard remain unchanged. Space is automatically created for the pasted text. Any text that started at the left margin when it was sent to the Clipboard will have a new line created for it (below the cursor's line) when Pasted. For example: If a paragraph is marked and sent to the Clipboard. Then when it is pasted, it will be inserted below the cursor's line. It doesn't care what column the cursor happens to be in, only the line. 10.3-5 Erase Marked (case 8.4-1) text that is 'Erased' will be copied to the Clipboard (case 9.0) and then deleted (leaving the space it occupied). In all other respects 'Erase' functions identically to 'Cut' (case 10.3-2). 10.3-6 Duplicate The 'Duplicate' menu item functions as if the following sequence were performed. First, 'Copy' (case 9.1) the marked text. Second, move the cursor to the position just past the last marked character. Third, 'Paste' (case 9.5) the clipboard's contents into the text. Combine this menu item with the use of the Amiga Select keys (case 8.4-2) to create a quick method of duplicating text. 10.3-7 Change Case The 'Change Case' menu item has three subitems: 'To Uppercase', 'To Lowercase', and 'To Opposite'. The case (eg. 'a' -vs- 'A') of any marked (case 8.4-1) text will be changed according to the subitem selected. The marked text remains highlighted in order to allow further clipboard operations (eg. Duplicate). Any keystroke will automatically un-mark the highlighted text, bringing Aedit into a 'normal' condition. Pressing CTRL-f is equivalent to selecting the 'To Opposite' subitem. 10.4 Text This menu contains items that control Aedit's handling of text. Such as, margin limits (case 5.3-4) and keyword case folding (case 12.27-1). 10.4-1 Paragraph This menu item is provided to allow limited paragraph manipulation. When in Program mode (case 8.3-2), this item is disabled. A paragraph is defined as any sequence of text lines (non-space) that are bounded by either blank lines and/or the beginning of text (logical line number zero). Paragraphs consist of "logical" words, defined as any sequence of characters bounded by spaces and/or end of line. The subitems function as follows. -30- FORMAT: The current paragraph (case 4.5) will have its words repacked, resulting in each line containing the maximum number of words that will sit within the current margin settings. The cursor is moved to the first line of this newly formatted paragraph. 'Format' uses the clipboard (case 9.0) and thus destroys any previous contents. CRUNCH: The current paragraph (case 4.5) will have all sequences of two or more spaces converted into a single space. In essence, this is just a quick way of executing the following XCHANGE command (case 12.51). The paragraph that the cursor is in (including adjacent blank lines). A paragraph is defined as any sequence of text lines bounded by blank lines. 11.3.7 Special 'Relative' Lines Normally the use of the "+" or "-" character in a line range means to proceed in a relative manner from the current line (eg. +5 means the fifth line from the cursor's line), If two line specifiers (case 11.3-1) are separated by a ";" instead of a "," then the second specifier's use of "t" or "-" will be relative to the first line specifier (regardless of the cursor's present position). Example: 5;+5 From the 5th line to the 11th line (inclusive). /a/;-5 From the first line that contains "a" to the 5th line previous to that line. ^;+5 From the first line of text to the 5th line past it. 11.3-8 Multi 'Relative' Lines When using the relative method of specifying line ranges (case 11.3-7), one is allowed to use more than two line specifiers. In any sequence of specified lines, only the last two are used to determine the range. Previous line specifiers are used to help determine the range. Example: 20;/a/i-3;10 This signifies the range that starts with the 3rd line previous to the first line that contains "a" that follows line 20, and ends at line 10. 10;-3;+2;$ This signifies the range that starts with the 2nd line past the 3rd line previous to line number 10, and ends at the last line of text. This method of range determination can get very complex. It is suggested that this method be avoided if at all possible until you are thoroughly familiar with specifying line ranges. There's no limit to the number of line specifiers that may be combined in this fashion. -36- 12.0 Commands Commands are entered at the command line (case 11.0). The command line is enabled with the ESC key and deleted with the RETURN key. The RETURN key also executes any entered command. In each command's syntax, anything in brackets is considered optional. A "Line Range" corresponds to either a single line specifier (case 11.3-) or a multiple line specifier (case 11.3-4). A "Line" corresponds to just a single line specifier. Commands may be entered in either upper or lower case. The command may also be abbreviated. The minimum abbreviation for a command is given in each command's description. 12.1 "?" Recall Command Syntax: ? Abbreviation: ? Implemented in V1: YES Entering just the character "?" on the command line will recall any previously entered command. The recalled command will be displayed on the command line to be modified and/or reexecuted. If reexecuting the previous command is all that is desired, then use the CTRL-F10 key (case 6.1-10). It is also possible to insert the previous command into the buffer's text with the CTRL-F1 key (case 6.1-1). 12.2 "!" DOS Command Syntax: ! CLI_Command Abbreviation: ! Implemented in V1: NO It is possible to execute CLI (Command Line Interface) commands while in Aedit. To do so, use the "!" command followed by the CLI command to be executed. The Amiga will then execute it (possibly prompting for disk insertion) as if it were entered in the associated CLI (ie. the CLI that Aedit was started from) environment. Aedit will remain in 'suspended animation' until such time as the CLI command is completed. To execute a CLI command in a 'concurrent' fashion, use the CLI command "run" after the "!" and before the actual command text. When Aedit is started out of Workbench there is no associated CLI environment. In this case, since CLI needs an output window, Aedit will create the necessary window (called "Aedit_CLI"). There is not a true CLI, in that commands may not be entered from this window. The window will 'hang around' until Aedit is terminated (case 5.1-1). -37- If the CLI output window is no longer needed, 'click' the "Window To Back" gadget. At the present time there is no method of removing the CLI output window before Aedit is terminated. Examples: ! list List the current directory's contents. ! execute Batch Execute (CLI version) the file called "Batch". ! run Prog Start the program "Prog" as another process. ! run aedit Name Startup another copy of Aedit and have it automatically load the file "Name". 12.3 ":" Multi Command Syntax: [Line Range] : /Search/ [Command] Syntax: [Line Range] : \Not Search\ [Command] Abbreviation: : Implemented in VI: YES An Aedit command may be repeated on a conditional basis. Aedit will scan through the specified line range stopping on any line that matches the search text (case 15.0) and then executing the specified command (if present). The parameters in brackets are optional. If no line range is given, then it defaults to a scan of the entire text. If no command is specified, then Aedit will just stop on the line that successfully matches the search text. If the search text is enclosed with the "\" character then Aedit will execute the specified command only on those lines that do not match the search text. The command specified (if any) is executed in a completely normal fashion. The specified command is allowed to have line ranges, parameters, etc. Just because the ":" command moves the cursor to a particular life does not mean that the specified command will only function on that line. Example: If the SAVE command (case 12.44) defaults to saving the entire text, then to specify this command after the ":" without also including a line range, will result in the entire file being saved every time the ":" command's search text matches a line! Examples: :/^$/ delete Deletes all blank lines. :\?\ delete Same as above. :\^$\ delete Deletes aLl lines that are not blank. ;/?/ delete Same as above. <:/abc/ Moves the cursor to the first line of the current paragraph that contains "abc". :/xxx/ . print Prints all lines that contain "xxx". ;/a/ < upper Change the case of every line in every paragraph that contains the character "a", -38- 12.4 APPEND Syntax: [Line Range] APPEND FileName Abbreviation: A Implemented in V1: YES Normally, when text is filed to disk, it replaces any previous text filed under the same name. With the APPEND command, filed text is merely 'attached' to the end of any previous text file. This allows a file (of potentially unlimited size) to be created of many individually filed pieces. If a line range is specified then these are the lines filed (attached) to the specified filename. If no line range is given then it will default to sending the whole buffer's contents. The filename specified in the APPEND command must actually exist. If there is no pre-existing file by the given name then a DOS error #205 ("object not found") will result. Examples: . append X Attaches the current line to the file "X". 5,10 ap X Attaches lines 5 through 10 to the file "X". < app X Attaches the current paragraph to the file "X". :/b/ . a X Using the ":" command (case 12.3), this attaches all the lines that contain "b", to the file "X". 12.5 BUFFER Syntax: BUFFER # Abbreviation: B Implemented in V1: YES It is possible to switch between buffers by using the BUFFER command. The number (range 1 through 9) specified after the command is the buffer that is brought up as the new current buffer. If that buffer was not active then it will be activated with the default name of "Text.e". For a complete description of what buffers are, see case 7.0. A quicker way to switch between buffers is to use the right AMIGA key + number key (case 7.2) method. -39- 12.6 CENTER Syntax : [Line Range] CENTER [#] Abbreviation: CE Implemented in VI: YES The text in one or more lines can be centered with the CENTER command. Text is centered (unless otherwise specified) half way between the current left and right margin limits (case 5.3-4). If a number is given after the CENTER command, then this will be the column that the text is centered upon. If no line range is specified then the CENTER command will work only at the line the cursor is on. A line is not allowed to be centered such that text will 'spill' past the left margin limit. In such cases the text will be left justified instead. Note: If the current right margin setting is well beyond the visible right margin, then centering lines will cause the text to 'disappear'. In reality, the text is just positioned past the visible right margin. To bring such text into view, cursor or TAB (case 6.2-5) rightward. Examples: ce Centers the cursor's line, 1,100 cen Centers the first 100 lines of text.
du Create a duplicate paragraph. -1,+1 dupli Duplicate the lines closest to the cursor. 12.13 ECHO Syntax: [Line Range) ECHO [Destination] Abbreviation: EC Implemented in V1: YES The ECHO command will take the specified line range and create an exact duplicate of this text. This text will be inserted either immediately after the cursor's line or immediately after the destination line specified. This command is limited to dealing only with entire lines. If no line range is specified, then the line the cursor is on is echoed. The destination line (text will actually be inserted below this line) can be specified by using the line's number (case 4.6), the "$" character (for beginning of text). If no destination line is specified then the cursor's line is assumed to be the destination of ECHOed text. Thus, by definition, a plain "echo" functions the same as the F10 -43- key (case 6.1-10). IMPORTANT: The ECHO command uses the clipboard (case 9.0), thus deleting its previous contents. Examples: > echo $ Echo the current paragraph to the end of text. . ech 10 Copy the current line to just below line 10. ec 10 Same as above. 10 echo . Copy line 10 to just after the cursor's line, 10 echo Same as above. 1,5 echo Copies the first 5 lines to the end of text. 12.14 EEOL Syntax: [Line Range] EEOL [#] Abbreviation: EE Implemented in V1: NO The Erase to End Of Line (EEOL) command is used to delete all characters from a specified column (inclusive) rightward to the end of the line. This command effects all lines in the specified line range. If no line range is provided then the effects are limited to the line the cursor is on. The column position that the erasing will begin is specified after the EEOL command (range of 1 to 512). If no column position is provided then the cursor's column is assumed. Thus, a plain "EEOL" command is equivalent to the "^y" key (case 6.3-5). Examples: ee Same as the ^y key. 5 eeo 1 Erases line 5 rightward from the cursor's column. 5 eeo 1 40 Erases line 5 rightward from column 40. 7ee 1 Same as the command "7erase" (case 12.17) except the clipboard is not used. 20,30 ee Erases lines 20 through 30 from the cursor's column. 12.15 EOL Syntax : EOL Abbreviation: EOL Implemented in V1: NO The End Of Line (EOL) command moves the cursor to just past the last character in the cursor's line. It is functionally equivalent to the "CTRL-RIGHT" key (case 6.2-7). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19). -44- 12.16 EOT Syntax : EOT Abbreviation : EOT Implemented in V1: NO The End Of Text (EOT) command moves the cursor to the last line that contains text. It is functionally equivalent to the "CTRL-DOWN" key (case 6.2-6). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19) 12.17 ERASE Syntax: [Line Range] ERASE Abbreviation: ER Implemented in V1: YES Lines of text can be sent to the clipboard (case 9.0) and erased (leaves the line's space but deletes its characters) at the same time with the ERASE command. This method bypasses the usual method of using Mark mode (case 8.4), but is limited to sending (and erasing) entire lines. If no line range is specified then only the line the cursor is an is used. Text sent to the clipboard by the ERASE command is functionally identical to text sent to the clipboard by any other method. The command is provided as a convenient method of 'chopping' text (while leaving the space it occupied) to the clipboard. Lines erased with this command may be recovered with the F9 Undo key (case 6.1-9) as well as the PASTE method (case 9.5), Examples: era The current line is 'clipped' to the clipboard. . erase Same as above. 1,10 era Erase the first ten lines of text. mo $ Move the current paragraph to then end of text. . mov 10 Move the current line to just below line 10 move 10 Same as above 10 mo . Move line 10 to just after the cursor's line 10 mov Same as above. 10,20 mo 30 Move lines 10 though 20 to just after line 30. 12.34 MRIGHT Syntax: RIGHT Abbreviation: R Implemented in V1: NO The MRIGHT command moves the cursor to the rightmost visible column in the window. It is functionally equivalent to the "CTRL-]" key (case 6.3-4). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19). -54- 12.35 NAME Syntax: NAME FileName Abbreviation: NA Implemented in V1: YES The NAME command is used to change the name of the current buffer (case 7.0). This command will only change the name, not the directory path. Enter the new name after the NAME command. If no name is specified then the "Missing parameter" error will result. The newly changed name will be immediately reflected in the title bar (case 5.1-3) and the Buffers menu (case 10.5). Examples: Suppose the current buffer's name is "df0:c/test"... name File Results in "df0:c/File" na df1:NewName Results in "df0:c/NewName nam df1: Results in "Illegal filename" error. name Results in "Missing parameter" error. 12.36 NEW Syntax: NEW FileName Abbreviation: NE Implemented in V1: YES The NEW command is used to simultaneously delete all lines (including the Undo list) while renaming the current buffer. The specified filename includes not only the actual name but also (if desired) a directory path. If no filename is specified then the "Missing parameter" error will result. Examples: new df0:Name Deletes all text and renames buffer to "df0:Name". ne x Deletes all text and renames buffer to "x". new Results in "Missing parameter" error. 12.37 OPEN Syntax: OPEN [FileName] Abbreviation: O Implemented in V1: YES The OPEN command is used to replace the text in the current buffer. The specified file (defaults to the current filename) is loaded into the buffer after the buffer's contents (including the Undo list) is deleted. The current filename is changed by this -55- load and icons are recognized (case 3.1-2). An OPEN cannot be undone with the F9 Undo key (case 6.1-9). Examples: o text Replaces the buffer's contents with the file"text". ope Same as above, but uses the buffer's current filename as the source... 12.38 PASTE Syntax: PASTE i Abbreviation: PA Implemented in V1: YES The PASTE command will take the clipboard's (case 9.0) contents and insert it into the text (case 9.5), The contents of the Clipboard remain unchanged. A PASTE automatically creates room for the inserted text (ie. it does not replace or overwrite existing text). 12.39 PRINT ' Syntax: [Line Range] PRINT [FileName] Abbreviation: PR Implemented in V1: YES The PRINT command is (usually) used to send text to the printer. The specified line range (defaults to the entire buffer's contents) is sent to the filename specified (defaults to "PRT:"). Unlike SAVE or PUT, the PRINT command does not send out an icon (case 3.1-2) and ends every line with a Carriage Return (hex $0d, decimal 13) and a Line Feed (hex $0a, decimal 10). This is the accepted method of ending each text line sent to a printer. Examples: i: print Prints the buffer to"PRT:"device. S pr par : Prints the buffer to the "PAR:" device. < pr Name Prints the current paragraph to the disk file called " Name " . 1, , pr Prints the lines 1 through the cursor's line to the "PRT:" device. . pri ser: Prints the current line to the "SER:" device. -56- f 12.40 PUT Syntax: [Line Range] PUT [FileName] Abbreviation: PU Implemented in V1: YES The PUT command is used to file text to disk. The specified line range (defaults to the entire buffer's contents) is sent to the name specified (defaults to the buffer's current name). The PUT command sends out an icon (case 3.1-2) and ends every line with just a Line Feed (hex $0a, decimal 10). This is the accepted method of ending each text line sent to a disk. The PUT command is identical to the SAVE command (case 12.44). WARNING: Do not use the PUT command to send text to the printer. The PUT command sends icon information and this results in garbage output. Examples: put Saves the buffer to current filename. pu Name Saves the buffer to the "Name" file. < pu df0:Name Saves the current paragraph to the file "df0:Name". .' pu text Saves all lines from the cursor's line to the end of text to the file named "text". . pu text Saves the current line to the "text" file. 12.41 READ Syntax: READ [FileName] Abbreviation: REA Implemented in V1: NO The READ command is provided as a means of inputting a binary (ie. non text) file. The file specified (defaults to the current buffer's name) is translated and inserted into the buffer, replacing its previous contents. The name of the buffer is changed to match the specified filename and the buffer's Undo list is deleted. The READ command translated a file into lines of 5 long words (32 bits) composed of hexidecimal characters followed by its text representation. 20202020 20202020 2053756D 6D617279 206F6620 ; Summary of 74686520 41454449 5420436F 6D6D616E 64205345 ;the AEDIT Command SE 54206173 206F6620 41707269 6C203330 2C203139 ;T as of April 30, 19 38360A20 20202020 20202020 20202020 20202020 ;86 -57- 12.42 REMOVE Syntax: [Line Range] REMOVE Abbreviation: REM Implemented in V1: YES The REMOVE command is used to delete entire lines from text. The lines deleted correspond to the specified line range. If no line range is given, then only the line the cursor is on is deleted. And lines deleted by this method cannot be recovered by use of the F9 Undo key (case 6.1-9). Because of this, using REMOVE to delete large sections of text is preferred. For recoverable line removals use the DELETE command (case 12.11). Examples: rem Remove the cursor's line. < remo Remove the current paragraph. /a/ rem Remove the first line that contains "a". 5,10 remove Remove lines 5 through 10. 12.43 RIGHT Syntax: RIGHT Abbreviation: RI i Implemented in V1: NO 'i The RIGHT command moves the cursor to the rightward by one column in the window. It is functionally equivalent to the right cursor key (case 6.2-7). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19) 12.44 SAVE Syntax: [Line Range] SAVE [FileName] - Abbreviation: SA Implemented in V1: YES = The SAVE command is used to file text to disk. The specified line range (defaults to the entire buffer's contents) is sent to the filename specified (defaults to the buffer's current name). The SAVE command sends out an icon (case 3.1.2) and ends every line with just a Line Feed (hex $0a, decimal 10). This is the accepted method of ending each text line sent to a disk. The SAVE command is identical to the PUT command (case 12.40). -58- WARNING: Do not use the SAVE command to send text to the printer. The SAVE command sends icon information and this results in garbage output. Examples: save Saves the buffer to current filename. sav Name Saves the buffer to the "Name" file. < sa df0:Name Saves the current paragraph to the file called "df0:Name". 30,100 sa zzz Saves lines 30 through 100 to the file "zzz", ' sa text Saves the current line to the "text" file, 12.45 SOL Syntax: SOL Abbreviation: SOL Implemented in V1: NO The Start Of Line (SOL) command moves the cursor to the first character in the cursor's line. It is functionally equivalent to the "CTRL-LEFT" key (case 6.2-7). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19). 12.46 SOT Syntax: SOT Abbreviation: SOT Implemented in V1: NO The Start Of Text (SOT) command moves the cursor to the first line that contains text. It is functionally equivalent to the "CTRL-UP" key (case 6.2-6). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19) 12.47 SPLIT Syntax: SPLIT Abbreviation: SP Implemented in V1: NO The SPLIT command will divide the line line at the cursor's position. The right half of the line is inserted as a new line below the cursor's line. If the cursor is positioned at the left margin, then the whole line is 'split' into a new line leaving a blank line in its place (equivalent to inserting a blank line above the cursor's line). If the cursor is positioned past the rightmost character, then a blank line is inserted below the cursor's line. -59- In Text mode (case 8.3-1) a line will be split at the nearest space on or left of the cursor. If no space can be found then the line will split at the cursor's position. The text that is split off will be placed flush with the left margin (case 5.3-4). In Program mode (case 8.3-2) a line will be split at the cursor's position, but the text that is split off will retain its column position. The SPLIT command functions identically to the CTRL-. (">") key (case 6.3-1). It is provided merely as a convenience when writing EXECUTE files (case 12.19). 12.48 SYSTEM Syntax: SYSTEM [A] Abbreviation: SY Implemented in V1: YES The SYSTEM command will cause the current buffer's contents (if any) to be discarded, followed by the buffer's deactivation (case 7.3). The last active buffer that is terminated by the SYSTEM command will result in Aedit itself terminating. If the character "a" (stands for "all") follows the SYSTEM command then all the buffers will be discarded and Aedit will be terminated. Examples: ; sy Current buffer is deactivated (losing its contents). sy Current buffer is deactivated (losing its contents). 12.49 TABSTOPS Syntax: TABSTOPS # Abbreviation: T Implemented in V1: YES The current tabstop setting (case 5.3-6) can be changed by the TABSTOPS command. The new tabstop setting should be entered after the TABSTOP command (range 1 through 50). Id no tabstop number is provided or, if provided, it is out of its legal range, then an error message will appear. Tabstops are provided at both the left and right margin limits as well as every column that is evenly divisible by the current tabstop setting. Examples: tab io Sets tabs to 1, 10, 20, 30, etc. t3 Sets tabs to 1, 3, 6, 9, etc. t2 Sets tabs to 1, 2, 4, 6, etc. -60- 12.50 UPPER Syntax: [Line Range] UPPER Abbreviation; U Implemented in V1: YES All text (lines) that falls within the specified line range will have each alphabetic character's case changed to uppercase. If no line range is specified then only the line the cursor is on is affected. Examples: If the cursor was positioned on the following line... Case changes with CTRL-f key. and the command "upper" were executed, the result would be... CASE CHANGES WITH CTRL-F KEY. 12.51 WRITE Syntax: [Line Range] WRITE [FileName] Abbreviation: W Implemented in V1: NO The WRITE command is provided as a means of outputting a binary (ie. non text) file. The line range specified (defaults to the entire buffer's contents) is translated to binary and output to the Each line is translated to binary in the following manner. Starting from the left margin (ignoring spaces) each pair of hexidecimal characters (ignoring case) is converted to a byte (8 bits) and then output. This translation stops when it encounters a non-hexidecimal character. Translation then proceeds at the left margin of the following line. Examples: write The opposite of READ (case 12.41). . w Name Translate the current line to the file "Name". 1,3 w Translate lines 1 though 3 and output to the current buffer's file name. > w Translate the current paragraph to the current buffer's file name. The WRITE command allows one to control the printer (or any other) device. One could write a control sequence in hexidecimal, like this... -61- 1b2a040800 One then positions the cursor on this line and issues the following command (substitute the appropriate device name). . write par: 12.52 XCHANGE Syntax: [Line Range] XCHANGE [?1 [#] /old/new/ Abbreviation: X Implemented in V1: YES The XCHANGE command will replace occurences of the search phrase (case 15.0) with replacement text. The exchange is limited to the line range specified (defaults to the entire text). If the "?" character immediately follows the XCHANGE command, then a you will be asked for confirmation before every change. If a number immediately precedes the search text, then the Nth match on a line will be replaced. 12.52.1 Search Text The search text is bounded by the "/" character. It conforms to the standard search rules (case 15.0). The ending "/" character of the search text also functions as the starting ./" of the replace text. 12.52-2 Replace Text i The replace text is bounded by the "/" character. The trailing "/" can be left off if the replacing text does end in a space. In fact, the entire replace text can be left off if the search text is to be replaced with nothing (ie. deleted). :" The "&" character, if it appears in the replace text, is substituted (at the time of the replace) by whatever text matched the search phrase. If the "&" character should be treated literally then precede it with the accent grave character "'" (the accent grave functions as an escape character). Using the accent grave, one is also allowed to have the "/" character treated literally. Examples: xchange /abc/def/ Replaces "abc" with "def". xchange /abc/def Same as above. x /ultra/&sonic Replaces "ultra" with "ultrasonic". x /ultra/&-&sonic Replaces "ultra" with "ultra-ultrasonic". xch /df0:/dir'/ Replaces "df0:" with "dir/". x/and /'&/ Replaces "and " with " & ". x /accent/"/ Replaces "accent" with "'". 1,10 x /abc// Delete all occurences of "abc" that occur in lines 1 through 10. 10,1 x /abc/ Same as above. -62- 1,10 x /abc Same as above, 12.52-3 Query on Replace If you desire to be queried before each text replacement, enter a "?" immediately after the XCHANGE command. Before every exchange you Will be shown the matched text (the cursor will be positioned at the start of the match) and the message "Exchange: (Y)es, (N)o, (G)lobal." will appear an the message line. YES: Replace the text then move on to the next match and query. NO: Do not replace the text but continue as if "YES" were chosen. GLOBAL: Replace this text and all others without bothering to query each at each match. 12.52-4 Nth Match Replace If a number is specified immediately before the search phrase then only the Nth (the number entered) match in each line is recognized. This can be most useful when working with tables or columns of data. Examples: xchange 2 /a/b/ Replace only the second "a" in each line with "b". xl/ // Delete the first three spaces in each line. -63- 13.0 Aedit V1 Subset Aedit.V1 (the small version) is a limited version of Aedit. In most respects, this manual applies to both versions. The following is a list of the areas where Aedit.V1 differs from the standard version (V2). 1) Icons are not supported (case 3.1-2). Neither are they created, used, nor recognized. 2) The right border gadgets (case 5.2) are not implemented. This allows 80 character lines (a bonus). 3) The close window (case 5.1-1) and window sizing gadgets are not available. Use the EXIT (case 12.20) or SYSTEM (case 12.48) commands instead. 4) Menus (case 10.0) are not supported. Use the appropriate commands (case 12.0) instead. 5) Mark mode (case 8.4) is unavailable. In fact, all clipboard (case 9.0) operations that use the mouse aren't implemented. 6) Execute files (case 12.19) are not implemented. -64- 14.0 Error Messages Error messages will appear on the message line (case 4.7). Here is a list of possible error messages, its probable cause, and possibly methods of recovery, Whenever the characters "&s" appears, this represents text that will vary. Whenever the characters "&u" appears, this represents a number that will vary. CLI command failed. This error occurs when the CLI command handed to the "!" (case 12.2) command has failed for some reason or another, Examine the current CLI window to see if a more detailed message has been displayed. To examine, revise, or reenter the "!" command you actually issued, enter just a "?" at the command line, Command "%s" is not yet implemented. An attempt was made to execute a command that is lexically recognized but not yet implemented. The complete name of the unimplemented command appears in this error message. There is no correction for this problem except to receive an updated version of Aedit (see the disk file "Support"). Error #&u, &s - Lines Transferred &u While either loading or saving text an error occurred. The DOS error number, the name of the text, and the number of lines successfully transferred is displayed, See the AmigaDOS users manual for an explanation of the error numbers. ERROR . What is "&s"? A command line entry was not syntactically correct. The part of the entry that was not recognized is displayed in this error message. To correct, use the "?" command (case 12.1) to recall the previous command line entry. Reentering just the command followed by the "?" character (case 11.2) will display the command's parameter template. Illegal buffer number. An attempt was made to switch to a buffer numbered outside the range of 1 through 9. Aedit is limited to this range. -65- Illegal filename. A filename was specified that is not legal. This occurs, for example, if the name ends in ":" or "/". Change the filename to a legal form and reexecute the command. Illegal search text A search text was specified that is not composed of legal characters or the characters used were improperly used. See case 15.0 for a complete description of search phrases. Keyword source file error A file used as the source for keyword case folding (case 12.27-1) is either non existent or contains an illegal entry. If the source file exists, then examine its contents for legality (case 12.27). Maximum line length exceeded An attempt was made to create a line that either exceeds the right margin limit (case 5,3-5) or exceeds the maximum line length allowed in Aedit (512 characters). Either adjust the right margin limit or don't attempt to create such large lines. Missing Parameter. A command was entered that did nat contain the necessary parameters. Recall the command (case 12.1) or display its parameter template (case 11.2) for correction. No original line by that number An attempt was made to reference an original line number (case 11.3-2) that does not exist. This can occur because either the line never existed or has been deleted. No line range allowed for the command "&s". A line range was provide for a command that does not take one. The full name of the command entered is displayed with this error message. Double check the command entered (case 12.1) or its parameter template (case 11.2). Specifying a single line (as opposed to a range of lines) is allowed. -66- Not found A search attempt was made that was unsuccessful. This occurs because either the text searched for does not exist or the search text was specified incorrectly (case 15.0). Operation Aborted. The CTRL-c key was pressed while Aedit was performing some operation. Out of memory. Aedit tried to allocate memory but was unsuccessful due to lack of this low, even the slightest excuse will send the Amiga into a guru meditation. If this message appears but the Amiga does not display a guru meditation, immediately press the F6 key (case 6.1-6). This should free up enough memory to allow an attempt to save Aedit's contents. Keep an eye on Aedit's memory size (case 5.3-8) to avoid this (almost always) fatal error message. If your Amiga has 512K of memory AND there is nothing else running, Aedit can allocate about 300K before getting this error, Examine the Status Line (case 5.3-8) to determine the amount of memory allocated by Aedit. Parameter out of legal range A parameter that is outside of the legal limits was supplied to a command. This can occur, for example, by specifying a right margin that is less than the left margin. Double check the entered command (ease 12.1). Text has been deleted This is not an error message, per se, but a merely a notice that the Undo key (F9) has resulted in the deletion of a line (or lines), Text inserted, by any means, can be undone with the F9 Undo key (case 6.1.9). -67- Text has been restored This is not an error message, per se, but a merely a notice that the Undo key (F9) has resulted in the reinsertion of a line (or lines). Text that has been deleted can be reinserted with the F9 Undo key (case 6.1-9). The exception to this is when the command "REMOVE" is used (case 12.42). The "&s" command works only on the current line This error is the result of specifying a line range for a command that does not accept one. The full name of the command entered is displayed with this error message. Double check the command entered (case 12.1) or its parameter template (case 11.2). Unable to open clipboard ' An attempt was made to use the clipboard (case 9.0) when Amiga DOS was unable to open the necessary file. This can occur if the file "SYS:devs/ram-device" is unavailable, or the file "RAM:AEDIT.ClipBoard" is currently in use by another program. There are many commands and operations in Aedit that use the clipboard. These include all the cut & paste operations (case 9.0) as well as commands such as FORMAT, MOVE, and ECHO. 1 -68- 15.0 Search Phrases A 'Search Phrase' in Aedit consists of some specified search text bounded by either the "/" or "\" characters. A search will continue until text matching the search text is found. If the "\" character is used to delimit the search text then Aedit will search far any line that does not contain the search text. The CTRL-C key (case 6.3-7) will stop a search process. The CTRL-g key (case 6.3.3) is used to continue a search. Examples: /abc/ Matches any occurrence of "abc". \abc\ Matches any line that does not contain "abc". Unless otherwise specified, a search will scan the entire buffer's contents (from line 1 to the end of the file). If no match is found then a "Not found" message appears. The direction of a search can be controlled. Precede the first "/" with "+" to scan forward from the present cursor location. Precede the first "/" with "-" to scan backward from the present cursor location. Scanning backward proceeds toward line 1 but still searches each line from left to right, The direction of a not-search (bounded by "\") is controlled in the same manner. Examples: +/abc/ Find the first occurrence of "abc" after the cursor's location, -/abc/ Same as above but proceed backward. +\def\ Find the first line, past the current line, that does not contain the text "def". Alternative Search Text More than one search text can be scanned for at a time. Separate multiple search texts with the "I" character. There is no limit to the number of multiple choices that can be specified. Examples: /abc/def/ Scans for either "abc" or "def". /a|b|c|d/ Scans for either "a", "b", "c", or "d". \alb\ Scans for a line that does not contain either "a" or "b". -69- ' WildCards " The "?" character, when it appears in a search text, represents any character (including a space). The "?" does not match the space that follows the end of each line (use"~" instead). Examples: /a?c/ Would match "abc", "acc", "a c", "azc", etc.,, but not "ac" or "abbc". /???er/ Would match "suger", "miner", "T fer", etc... but not "fer" or "errar". The tilde "~" character (the shifted key above TAB) represents any non alphanumeric character (including the space that follows the last character of a line and the imaginary character left of column 1). Examples: /a~b/ Would match "a.b", "a b", "a/b", etc.,. but not "abc" or "a2c". /~abc/ Would match " abc", "!abc", "labc", etc... but not "zabc" or "Oabc". /~for~/ Would match " for ", ".for.", etc... but not " fort" or "afor." Ends of Lines The "^" character represents the beginning of a line. The "$" character represents the space that follows the last visible character on a line. These characters are to be used either as the first character in the search text ("^") or the last character ("$"). Examples: /^start/ Would match the text "start" only if it starts in column 1. /end$/ Would match the text "end" only if it is the last text on a line. /^$/ Would match any blank line, /^?$/ Would match any line that contained only one character (at left margin). -70- Repeat Characters With the "#" character, a search is allowed to match a variable number of characters. A match will occur for any quantity (including zero) of the character immediately following the "#". Examples: /a#bc/ Would match "ac", "abc", "abbc", "abbbc", etc. /a#?c/ Would match "ac", "abc", "a c", "axyc", etc. The "*" character functions similarly to the "#" character, but will match one or more repetitions of the following character. Examples: /a*bc/ Would match "abc", "abbc", or "abbbc", but not "ac". /a*?c/ Would match "a.c", "axyc", or "a - c", but not "ac". Grouped Search Text A sequence of search text characters can be grouped for use with the "#" and "*" characters. The grouped text should be enclosed in brackets. Examples: /ba#[na]/ Would match "ba", "bana", "banana", etc, /m*[iss]iPPi/ would match "missippi", "mississippi", etc. Escape Character Any of the above special characters can be used in its literal ASCII character form. Precede the character to be treated literally with the accent grave key (just above TAB). Examples: /`?/ Would match only the "?" character. /dir`// Scans for the text "dir/". /`#`?/ Scans for the text "#?". /``/ Scans for the "`" character itself. -71- Complex Examples The special search characters can be combined to produce some pretty powerful (and complex) search phrases. Examples: / f[a|u|rth(e|u|r/ Would match "farther", "furthur", "further" and "farthur". /move[.[1]wlb]]/ Would match "move", " move.", " move,l", "move.,w" and "move.b". Nesting bracketed text is allowed. /^`*#?Com/ Would match a line that starts with "*" and contains the text "Com". When combined with the XCHANGE command (case 12.52) one can easily alter the text. Examples: XCHANGE /~for~/then/ Changes all occurences of "for" to "then", but does not change "afor", "forward","deform", etc. XCHANGE /^# // Deletes all leading spaces. When combined with the "!" command (case 12.3) one can do a number of interesting things. Examples: :/^/delete Deletes all blank lines. :/if|and|but/. print Prints all lines that contain either "if", "and", or "but". -72- ============================================================================ DOCS PROVIDED BY -+*+-THE SOUTHERN STAR-+*+- for M.A.A.D. ============================================================================