Disney Animation Studio Getting Started Table of Contents 1 Read Me First What The Animation Studio Is 1-1 Documentation 1-2 How To Use the Manuals 1-3 2 Installation Objectives 2-1 Software 2-1 Hardware 2-2 Installing the Software 2-2 Running The Animation Studio on a Low Memory System 2-3 Installing on a Hard Disk 2-4 Starting The Animation Studio 2-5 Technical Support 2-8 3 Lesson 1: Getting Started Objectives 3-1 How to Use the Lessons 3-1 The Animation Studio Program 3-2 Starting The Animation Studio 3-2 Communicating with The Animation Studio 3-3 The Screen Elements 3-4 The Menu Bar 3-5 The Toolbox 3-6 iii Creating Simple Drawings 3-6 Creating Outlines 3-6 Clearing the Screen 3-7 Creating Boxes and Circles 3-7 Creating a Simple Animation 3-9 Start With an Idea 3-9 Create the First Cel 3-9 Advance to Next Cel 3-10 Create a Brush 3-11 Run the Animation 3-13 Help Screen and Keyboard Commands 3-13 Exiting The Animation Studio 3-14 End of Lesson 3-15 4 Lesson 2: Working with Animation Files Objectives 4-1 Loading the DEMO-REEL Animation 4-2 Loading an Animation File 4-3 Modifying Sample Animation Files 4-5 Saving an Animation File 4-6 iv 5 Lesson 3: Creating a Complete Animation Objectives 5-1 Finishing a Pencil Test Animation 5-2 Adding Detail to the Sack Animation 5-4 Ink & Paint 5-7 Filling Outlines 5-8 Fixing Leaks 5-8 Paint Remaining Cels 5-11 Adding a Background to an Animation 5-11 Creating a Frisket 5-12 Loading a Background 5-13 End of Lesson 5-14 Index v Chapter 1 Read Me First Welcome to Disney Presents... The Animation Studio! Prepare to embark on an adventure in animation. What The Animation Studio Is The Animation Studio is an easy-to-use animation program for anyone who is interested in learning about animation and creating animations on a computer. The Animation Studio's powerful capabilities allow you to create and enhance animations with unlimited artistic possibilities. Now you can create and view your animations with the speed of the computer and make changes just as fast. With The Animation Studio you can view and study Disney reference animations from such classics as Lady and the Tramp, Alice in Wonderland, and many others. These demonstrations will help you to learn some of the magic that is characteristic of Disney-style animation. The Animation Studio provides a variety of powerful functions to help you to create animation. These include: * Free form drawing tools * Quick creation of geometric shapes such as circles, ellipses, and rectangles. 1-1 * Pencil test with "onion skin" effect * Instant animation testing * Exposure sheet with music and sound effects * Virtually unlimited color selection * File exchange with other animation and paint programs * and much more... Documentation Two manuals are provided with The Animation Studio. The Getting Started manual instructs you on the installation and start up of the software, and then provides a series of lessons that guide first-time animators through the major steps necessary to create computer animations. The User Guide contains complete and detailed instructions on all of the features of The Animation Studio. In addition, the User Guide presents a short history of animation and the significant contributions that have come from Walt Disney. Finally, the User Guide has a chapter devoted to the techniques of animation that have made Walt Disney Studios the recognized leader in the field. 1-2 How to Use the Manuals The documentation serves the needs of a variety of audiences from experienced computer animators who are familiar with the Amiga, to skilled Amiga users who are new to animation, to first time users of an Amiga who have no animation experience. The Animation Studio offers something for each of these audiences. We recommend that first-time users with little or no animation experience start by reading Chapter 1 - The Disney History of Animation: From Pencil to Pixel in the User Guide. Then read the Installation chapter that immediately follows this section. Finally, we recommend that you work through the lessons provided in this manual. Experienced Amiga users with some knowledge of animation may want to take a look at the Installation chapter and a quick skim reading of the User Guide. Then start the program and try it out. If you get stuck, you should be able to find the appropriate information in the User Guide by using the index. Skilled Amiga users with no previous animation experience may want to read the animation chapters in the User Guide and then try out some of the techniques. We also recommend that you experiment with the sample animations as a starting point. 1-3 Chapter 2 Installation This Chapter briefly describes the contents of The Animation Studio and what computer hardware and software you need to use it. Objectives This section shows you how to: * Install The Animation Studio software * Start The Animation Studio Software The Animation Studio package contains three disks: * The STUDIO disk contains The Animation Studio program, a library of sample animations, and some basic sound effects. * The MORGUE disk contains reference animations from Disney Studios. These animations are provided for you to study. 2-1 * The DEMO-REEL Disk contains a black and white and a full color animation featuring Donald Duck, and an additional animation with color and sound. Hardware In order to run The Animation Studio you must have an Amiga with at least 512K (one megabyte or more is recommended), of random access memory, a monitor, and extra formatted disks for saving your work. Installing the Software You should already know how to initialize disks, copy disks, delete files, and move files from one disk to another. If you are not familiar with these activities, consult the manuals supplied with your computer before going any further. Before you use The Animation Studio disks, you should make one or more working copies of them to reduce the chance of damaging or losing the originals. Also make sure you create one or more blank initialized disks for saving your work. 2-2 Running The Animation Studio on a Low Memory System If you are working on a low memory system, here are some tips and memory saving techniques you should use: * Use the CLI, not the Workbench. This saves a large block of valuable chip memory. You can get to the CLI without loading the icon-based Workbench by pressing and holding CTRL [d] while booting your computer from the STUDIO disk. This brings you to the CLI prompt. To open the Pencil Test from the CLI, type Pencil-Test at the CLI prompt. To open Ink & Paint, type Ink-&-Paint at the CLI prompt. * If you use the Workbench, close all of the windows that are open. Closing The Animation Studio window saves approximately 35K. * Do not run other programs while using The Animation Studio. * Do not run Pencil Test and Ink & Paint at the same time. * Some functions or tools may not work properly on a 512K system depending on the amount of memory available. The Magnify tool, Save As and Load requester or high-resolution animations may not run or work correctly. When possible, select Save instead of Save As to avoid losing your work. If a message display notifies you that you are in low memory, follow the tips displayed on screen to save your work and system memory. * Use the F1 key to keep track of the system memory available. * Save animations often so you don't lose your work. 2-3 Installing On a Hard Disk This section describes how to install The Animation Studio on your Amiga hard drive. The following steps assume that you started the computer with a standard Workbench that has been configured properly to support a hard disk. 1. Create a Drawer named Animation Studio on your hard disk. To do so, double click on the hard disk icon, then click the Empty drawer icon to select it. Choose Duplicate from the Workbench menu. In a moment a new drawer is created called "copy of Empty". Click the "copy of Empty" drawer to select it. Choose Rename from the Workbench menu. Press [Del] until you erase the current drawer name or press [right A] [x]. Type "Animation Studio" and press [Return]. You now have a drawer named Animation Studio. 2. Insert the STUDIO disk into a disk drive. 3. Double-click the STUDIO disk icon to see the contents of the disk. 4. Click The Animation Studio icon. Then hold down the Shift key and click the other icons in the Studio window. You now have the contents of the STUDIO disk selected. 5. While continuing to hold down the Shift key, drag the icons so that the icon you are pointing to is directly over the Animation Studio drawer icon. Release the mouse button. Now the Workbench copies the programs into your hard disk drawer. 2-4 6. Replace the STUDIO disk with the MORGUE disk. Double-click the MORGUE disk icon to view the contents of the disk. Select all of the icons on the disk as you did previously with the STUDIO disk. Drag the icons onto the Animation Studio drawer icon on your hard drive the same way you did above. 7. Replace the MORGUE disk with the DEMO-REEL disk, double click on the disk icon and drag the icons over to the Animation Studio drawer. You now have copies of The Animation Studio program and the library and reference animation drawers on your hard disk. Starting The Animation Studio If your Amiga has less than 1 Meg (one megabyte) of RAM, start the Pencil Test program from the CLI. To do so: 1. Turn on your computer and monitor. When the request for a Workbench disk appears on screen, insert your working copy of the STUDIO disk. 2. While the computer boots from the work disk, (you can hear the disk spinning), press and hold down [Ctrl] [d]. 3. The CLI prompt displays. 4. At the CLI prompt type Pencil-Test. This technique saves valuable memory on a low memory system. 2-5 To start The Animation Studio on a system with 1 Meg or more of RAM: 1. Turn on your computer and monitor. When the request for the Workbench disk appears on the screen, insert your working copy of the STUDIO disk. Note: Amiga 1000 users, start by inserting the Kickstart disk in the internal drive. The drive spins for a few seconds, and then the STUDIO disk icon appears on the screen. 2. Double-click the disk icon (move the pointer onto the icon and press the left mouse button twice in quick succession) to open the disk window. The disk window opens to reveal the icons for The Animation Studio. 3. To start the application, double-click The Animation Studio program icon located at the upper left corner of the screen. When you start The Animation Studio, the program presents a requester (a window that requires some input) inviting you to enter specific information from the User Guide. The requester asks a question and provides a reference to the page and exact location that has the correct information. Type the answer and press [Enter]. you must input this information correctly to start The Animation Studio. 2-6 Figure 2-1. Security Requester Correctly answering the question brings you to the Pencil Test screen, with the cel area or page on the left and the Toolbox on the right as shown below. 2-7 Figure 2-2. Pencil Test Screen If this is your first time using The Animation Studio, work through the tutorial lessons, where you will learn how to use many of The Animation Studio tools and techniques. Technical Support If you have questions about The Animation Studio, and you can't find the answers in the User Guide or the Getting Started manual, call Walt Disney Computer Software Customer Service at (818) 841-3326. 2-8 Lesson 1: Getting Started This lesson introduces you to the basics of The Animation Studio. By the time you complete this lesson you will be able to create simple animations. Objectives This lesson shows you how to: * Interact with The Animation Studio * Create simple drawings * Create a simple animation * Exit The Animation Studio How to Use the Lessons The purpose of the lesson is to introduce you to the scope of animation possibilities with The Animation Studio. This includes creating your own animation. You may not be an expert animator after completing the lessons in this tutorial, but you will know enough about The Animation Studio to feel comfortable using the User Guide and your own imagination to explore further. 3-1 In fact, exploring is probably the best way to go about learning The Animation Studio! If you get an idea as you are reading, try it, especially during the first two lessons. The Animation Studio Program The Animation Studio consists of: * The Pencil Test - where you create rough black and white animations to work out form and timing. * Exposure Sheet - where you set up the sequences of cels that make up your animation, and add music and sound effects * Ink & Paint - where you clean up the outlines from the Pencil Test and add color * Camera - where you add backgrounds to your final animations Starting The Animation Studio To start The Animation Studio from the Workbench, put the mouse pointer over the program icon and double click. (See the Installation chapter of this manual for more complete instructions). The Animation Studio Workbench is displayed. 3-2 Figure 3-1. Screen display with Workbench Now that The Animation Studio is open you can start creating. But first you need to know how to communicate with The Animation Studio. Communicating with The Animation Studio The main way to communicate with The Animation Studio is with the mouse and keyboard. By moving the mouse, you can control the movement of a pointer on the monitor screen. The pointer looks like +. Locate the pointer on your screen. 3-3 By moving the mouse, you can move the pointer to any position on the screen. Look at the screen and locate the pointer. Move it around by moving the mouse. Now that you know what it feels like to control the pointer on screen with the mouse, you are ready to command The Animation Studio to perform. The Screen Elements You should have just started The Animation Studio program. The section of the program that you should be in is the Pencil Test, and your screen should look like the one shown below. Figure 3-2. Pencil Test Screen Elements 3-4 The Menu Bar In the figure below, the Pencil Test menu bar is displayed at the top of the screen. To display the menu bar on your screen, glide the pointer to the top of the screen and hold down on the right mouse button. Notice the menu bar on your screen. The menu bar consists of the menu titles. Move the pointer over the Project menu title. Notice that the Project menu appears as shown below. Figure 3-3. Pencil Test Project Menu Continue to hold down the right mouse button and point to each of the menu titles. Notice the menu items in each menu. Selecting a menu item causes an action to occur. For example, selecting Clear from the Edit menu erases the current cel. More information about menus is presented later in this tutorial. 3-5 The Toolbox As you know, the function of the Pencil Test is to create a series of roughly drawn, black and white cels to work out the timing and movement of your animation. The Animation Studio provides a Toolbox containing tools that help you create drawings for the cels of the animation. These tools are represented as icons, which are symbols of the functions that the tools perform. To use a tool you must select it. To select a tool, move the pointer over it and click the left mouse button. The tool that is currently selected is highlighted. Practice selecting several different tools. Creating Simple Drawings The first step in animating with The Animation Studio is to create outlines of the objects or characters that you want to move. Later, you can clean up the outlines and fill them with color in the Ink & Paint section of The Animation Studio. Creating Outlines Click on the Freehand Line tool (upper left tool in the Toolbox), if it is not currently highlighted. Now draw some outlines using the Freehand Line tool. To do this, hold down on the left button of the mouse and move the mouse to create freehand lines on the screen. Practice moving the mouse in straight lines and then circular patterns. Switch mouse buttons and hold down on the right button. Draw over an area that already has black lines while holding down the right button. Notice that holding down the right button creates 3-6 white lines and acts as an eraser on the black lines. You can use this technique to clean up mistakes. You can also click on the Undo icon if you make a mistake. This will erase your last action. Continue to practice freehand drawing until you have a feel for drawing with the mouse. Clearing the Screen Your screen should still have the lines on it that you have drawn. To clear the screen, move the mouse pointer over the Toolbox and click on the CLR icon. This clears the screen. Use the CLR tool whenever you want to clear the entire screen. Creating Boxes and Circles The Animation Studio provides several tools for creating geometric shapes. You can use these commands as another means to create outlines. Use the CLR tool to clear your screen. Now select the Rectangle tool by clicking on the icon (fourth from the top on the left hand side). Notice that the bottom half of the tool is solid and the top half is an outline. If you click on the top half you can draw outline boxes and if you click on the lower half of the tool you can create filled boxes. Click on the top half of the tool and move the pointer onto the cel area. To draw a rectangle, press the left mouse button to anchor a corner of the rectangle. Then continue to hold the left button down and drag the mouse away from the anchor point. Notice that the rectangle enlarges as you drag the mouse away. The rectangle is finished when you let go of the mouse button. 3-7 Figure 3-4. Rectangle Example Now click on the bottom half of the Rectangle tool. Draw a filled rectangle by using the same technique with the mouse that you used to make an unfilled rectangle. After you make a filled rectangle, try holding down the right button of the mouse and drawing a smaller rectangle over the filled one you just created. Notice that holding down the right button creates a white rectangle. This technique can be used to correct mistakes without erasing the whole cel by creating a small white rectangle that acts as an eraser. Next click on the filled Circle tool that is just above the rectangle tool in the Toolbox. Move the pointer onto the cel and draw a circle by holding down the mouse button and dragging. Continue to practice drawing with the tools that you have used so far. 3-8 Creating a Simple Animation In this next part of the tutorial you are going to create a simple pencil test animation. Start With an Idea Any animation starts with an idea. The idea for this one is simple, a bouncing ball. As with any animation, the illusion of continuous motion is created by drawing a series of cels in which the object of the motion changes slightly in each successive cel. When the cels are played back at a typical rate of 12 to 24 frames per second, the viewer perceives motion. Create the First Cel To create a bouncing ball, you will draw a filled circle on the first cel and then draw the ball in a new position on each of a number of successive cels. Start by clearing the cel area, if there is anything drawn on it. Then select the filled Circle tool and draw a filled circle in the top middle of the cel. Your screen should look something like the one shown on the next page. 3-9 Figure 3-5. Cel 1 of 1 with Filled Circle Advance to Next Cel Next, advance to the second cel by pointing to the Right Arrow tool in the Toolbox and clicking the left mouse button. You should now be on cel 2. Look at the menu bar and notice the indicator Cel 2 of 2. Also notice that the filled circle on cel 1 "shows through" as a gray image on cel 2. This is similar to the effect of making drawings on onion skin paper, which is called the onion skin effect. By seeing the position of the drawing on the previous cel, you can position the drawing on the current cel to create a path of action. Now create a filled circle of the same size as the previous one, but position it below the first circle so that about half the circle overlaps. This is the downward path of action for the bouncing ball. When you complete this your screen should look like the one shown on the next page. 3-10 Figure 3-6. Cel 2 Now you are ready to advance to cel 3. Another way that you can advance to the next cel, instead of clicking on the Forward Arrow tool, is by pressing the Right Arrow key on your keyboard. Try it! The Animation Studio lets you command it by using the mouse and pointing to tools and menu items, or by using specific keys on the keyboard. The choice is yours. More information about the keyboard commands is presented later. Create a Brush Another useful feature of The Animation Studio is the Brush tool. This tool allows you to draw something on the screen and then make that piece of art into a brush. Once you make a brush you can duplicate that same piece of art anywhere on the current cel or any other cel. 3-11 You can see how the Brush tool works by using it to create additional cels for the bouncing ball animation. Return to cel 2 for a moment by pressing the left arrow key or by clicking the Left Arrow icon. Now click on the Brush tool (the icon below the T in the Toolbox). Move the pointer back over the cel and notice that your cursor is now a large cross-hair. Place the center of the cross-hair above the upper left of the ball. Then hold down the left mouse button, drag the cursor to enclose the ball in the box and release the mouse button. The screen below shows the ball enclosed in the box. Figure 3-7. Brush Selection 3-12 Notice that you now have an image of the ball that moves as you move the mouse. Next advance forward to cel 3, position the ball (using the onion skin image of cel 2) and click the left mouse button to stamp the ball in the new position. Continue to advance cels and stamp the brush of the ball on each cel, slightly increasing the spaces between each ball until you reach the bottom of the cel. You should be on cel 7 or 8. Keep using the brush, and while advancing cels, stamp the ball on successive cels so that the ball goes upward to the top of the screen. When you reach the top you are ready to run your animation. Cancel the brush by moving the mouse pointer to the absolute bottom right corner of the screen and clicking, or by pressing the period (.) key on the keyboard. Run the Animation To see your bouncing ball animation, click on the Projector tool (lower left tool in the Toolbox or, press [a] on your keyboard). Your animation should now run. To stop it, press either mouse button. Help Screen and Keyboard Commands Now you are ready to start creating animations. But before you start, there's one more thing you should know about The Animation Studio. A Help screen is always available in each section of The Animation Studio. The Help screen summarizes the function key commands. Press [Help] to view the Help screen for the Pencil Test section. 3-13 Another way to learn key commands is to pull down the menus and observe the keys specified there. Figure 3-8. Help Screen Exiting The Animation Studio To exit The Animation Studio, select Quit from the Project menu. The Animation Studio asks if you are certain. Click on OK to quit and return to the disk window, or click on Cancel to return to the program. 3-14 End of Lesson This lesson should have introduced you to the basics involved in using The Animation Studio. Spend some time experimenting and trying out what you have learned so far. 3-15 Chapter 4 Lesson 2: Working with Animation Files When you create animations on the computer and wish to save them for future viewing or to make changes, they are stored to the disk as computer files. In addition, the example and reference animations that are part of The Animation Studio are stored on the disk as files. The Animation Studio uses IFF, Anim, and CFast file formats. In this tutorial you learn how to work with animation files. Objectives This lesson shows you how to: * Load the DEMO-REEL animations * Load a sample animation * Save an animation file 4-1 Loading the DEMO-REEL Animation The DEMO-REEL disk contains a complete animated segment featuring Donald Duck. This reference animation is in full color. The Donald animation was digitized and The Animation Studio was used to clean up and color the animation, as well as establish the timing and import the background using the Camera functions. Due to the size of the animation, it has been specially compressed to make it possible to include it on the supplied disk. To play this animation: 1. Exit The Animation Studio program by selecting Quit from the Project menu. Close the Studio window. 2. Put the DEMO-REEL disk in the disk drive, double click on the disk icon, and double-click on the Donald icon. 3. To stop the demonstration and return to the Workbench, click the left mouse button. If you are working on a low memory system, run the black and white Donald animation from the CLI. To do so: 1. Follow the instructions in Chapter 2 for booting from the STUDIO disk to get the CLI prompt. 2. Place the DEMO-REEL disk into your disk drive. 3. At the CLI prompt type DEMO-REEL:B&W-Donald 4-2 4. Press [Return]. 5. The black and white Donald animation plays. 6. Click the left mouse button to stop the animation. Loading an Animation File This section shows you how to load an animation file. The example animation file for this lesson is called Flight. The file is located on the STUDIO disk. Perform the following steps to load the animation. 1. Start The Animation Studio if you haven't already. The Pencil Test screen is displayed. 2. With the right button held down, move the pointer to the left side of the Menu Bar to reveal the Project menu options. With the button still held down, move the pointer down to Open, the second item on the list of options. This displays the submenu. 3. Move the pointer across, then down to CFast and release the button. The screen should now display the Open CFast... file requester. 4-3 Figure 4-1. Open CFast... Requester 4. The file requester displays a listing of the contents of the STUDIO disk. Scroll through these file names (not all of them are visible at one time) by pointing to the scroll box (the black rectangle within the vertical column on the right side of the requester) pressing the left mouse button and dragging it up and down. You can also scroll through the file names one at a time by clicking the up and down arrows. Find the Library directory (or drawer) and double-click to open it. This displays the sample animation files that are contained in the Library directory. 5. Click on the file named Flight. Notice that when you click on the file name the name appears in the edit field beside File. You can also type the filename into the edit field, though it is easier to click on it. 4-4 6. Click Load to open the Flight file. Another option for loading the file is to double-click on the file name. The disk drive spins for a few moments, and then the first cel of the flying sample animation appears on the screen as shown below. Figure 4-2. Cel 1 of Flight Modifying Sample Animation Files The sample animations that come with The Animation Studio can be altered and then stored with a new file name. Note that the reference animations of Disney characters on the MORGUE disk are protected and cannot be saved with changes made to them. 4-5 The remainder of this lesson shows you how to make some changes to the Flight animation file, give it a new name, and save it to disk. This same procedure is used anytime that you want to save an animation that you have created. Before you make any changes to the FLIGHT animation, click on the Projector tool and run the animation. Now make some changes to the Flight animation. For example, try using the Fill tool to make the bird's beak solid black. To do this select the Fill tool (which looks like a pouring bucket), point inside the beak, and click the left mouse button. Advance cel by cel until you have modified each cel in the animation. Feel free to experiment and try other modifications. Saving an Animation File When you have finished making changes to the Flight animation, you can save it. Use the following procedure to save a new animation file. 1. Select the SAVE AS>>CFast... option from the Project menu. 2. Insert a blank, formatted disk into your disk drive. 3. Click on Volume. 4. Double click on your blank disk name in the requester. 5. Click the file box and type in Bird as the new file name. 4-6 6. Click on Save. 7. If a requester displays asking you if you want to save the Exposure Sheet, click on Yes. Use the Save As option to save new animation projects for the first time or to save modifications of existing animations when you still want to keep the original animation. Note that if you modify an animation and then save it with the original file name, you will lose the original version. Once you have saved an animation, you can make changes to it and save it with the same file name by using the Save option of the Project menu. 4-7 Chapter 5 Lesson 3: Creating a Complete Animation In this lesson you will create a complete color animation with background. You will start with an animated flour sack that is included with the sample animation on the STUDIO disk. The lesson will guide you in adding details to the animation, saving it with a new file name, and then coloring each cel and adding a background. Objectives This lesson shows you how to: * Finish a pencil test animation * Clean up outlines and color an animation in Ink & Paint * Add a background to an animation 5-1 Finishing a Pencil Test Animation Start in the Pencil Test section and load the Anticipation animation from the Library directory on the STUDIO disk. If you're not sure how to do this, refer to Loading an Animation located in the previous lesson. Once you load the Anticipation animation, your screen should display the first cel as shown below. Figure 5-1. Cel 1 of Sack Animation The Anticipation animation shows an animated flour sack. Before you make any changes to the sack animation, click on the Projector tool and watch the entire animation. Notice that the movement performed by the "inanimate" sack has a life-like quality. This is achieved by two of the techniques that are part of the magic of Disney-style animation: squash and stretch, and anticipation. 5-2 Squash and Stretch Look at the contracting and expanding movement of the sack as it jumps and lands. The squashing and stretching adds elasticity to the jumping sack, bringing a life-like quality to the animated sequence. Note that while the sack changes shape, the total volume remains relatively constant. Anticipation Also notice that the sack contracts downwards before jumping up. This is anticipation, the specific movement preceding a major action. Anticipation leads the eye through the sequence of motions clearly, based on the idea that, "before you go one way, you must go the other way first." Stop the animation projection by clicking either mouse button and then use the arrow keys to advance one frame at a time to study the above techniques. Figure 5-2. Sack Showing Anticipation 5-3 Adding Detail to the Sack Animation The sack animation is one of the Example animations that come with The Animation Studio. The Example animations allow you to use the basic animation sequence and make changes to it to create your own animations. In this part of the tutorial, you will add a "face" to the flour sack. The "face" will consist of eyes, although you can make any modifications that you want. 1. Start at cel 1 and select the Freehand Line tool. Draw open eyes on the sack as shown below. Figure 5-3. Sack Animation with Eyes 5-4 2. As the sack contracts in anticipation for the jump, draw closing eyes on cel 2 and closed eyes on cels 3 through 7. Figure 5-4. Sack with Closed Eyes 3. Then as the sack stretches into the jump add open eyes to cels 8 through 13. 5-5 Figure 5-5. Sack with Open Eyes 4. Finally, draw closed eyes for the squash landing in cels 14 and 15 and then open the eyes for the remaining cels 16 through 21. Press the A key to run the animation. Then stop it and use the arrow keys to flip through it cel by cel. Use the Freehand Line tool to correct any mistakes by drawing additional lines with the left button held down or by erasing lines with the right button held down. This completes the Pencil Test. Before you leave the Pencil Test section of the program, you might give the modified sack animation a new file name and save it to your formatted disk. Access the Save As CFast requester and save the file as Sack by typing Sack in the box next to the word "File". If you're not sure how to do this, refer to Saving an Animation File in the previous lesson of this tutorial. 5-6 Ink & Paint In the next part of this lesson, you will move to the Ink & Paint section of The Animation Studio to clean up the pencil test outlines and add color. If you are working on a small memory system, quit the Pencil Test and enter Ink & Paint separately from the CLI. Select Set # of Colors from the Preferences menu. Choose 8. When the Low Memory message appears, click on OK. To move to Ink & Paint, pull down the Project menu and select the Ink & Paint option. Once the program loads, note that the Toolbox looks different. Some of the tools from the Pencil Test remain, but there are a number of new tools and a color palette. Your screen should look like the one shown below. Figure 5-6. Ink & Paint Screen 5-7 To add color to the flour sack animation that you have been working on, you must open the file you saved in the Pencil Test. To do this, select the Open CFast... option from the Project menu and then use the requester to open the file that you named Sack. The Animation Studio loads the cel area with the first cel of the sack animation. Filling Outlines Now you are ready to add color to the pencil test outlines of the sack animation. To do this, you can use the Fill tool to fill the outlines with selected colors from the palette. Start by selecting the Fill on Color tool (the pouring bucket) and then clicking on the color from the palette that you want to use for the sack. To select a color from the palette, move the pointer over the desired color and click the left mouse button. Then move the pointer over the sack, making sure that you are inside the outline, and click the left mouse button. Notice that the sack fills up with the selected color to the boundary defined by the outline. Fixing Leaks Use the Forward Arrow key to advance to cel 2. Fill the sack outline with color. Notice that the color fills the entire cel area. That's because the sack outline "leaked". In order to contain the fill the outline must be completely intact. Select Undo from the Toolbox to return the cel to its unfilled state. 5-8 Before you fill an outline you should check it for leaks. To do this, select the Magnify tool (which looks like a magnifying glass) from the Toolbox. Notice that the pointer becomes a rectangle. Move the pointer back to the Toolbox and click on the bottom half of the Zoom tool several times, then move the pointer back over the cel area. The Zoom tool is located to the right of the Magnify tool. The rectangle should have increased in size. Figure 5-7. Pointer Magnification Look carefully at the outline of the sack and notice the area of the lower right side of the sack where there is a small break in the outline. Place the rectangle pointer over that area and click the left mouse button. At this point, the screen splits into two halves as shown below. The upper half is a magnification of the area selected in the lower 5-9 one. When magnified, you can see that the outline is composed of individual black rectangles called pixels (picture elements). Notice that there is a break in the string of pixels that make up the outline. This is the leak. Figure 5-8. Magnified Sack To fix the leak, select the Freehand Line tool and then click on black in the palette. Move the pointer over the leak and press the left mouse button to draw black pixels in the area of the leak. If you draw extra black pixels you can erase them by using the right mouse button to draw with the white background color. Note that you can use this same technique to "clean up" any rough spots in your outlines from the pencil test. Once the leak is fixed, turn off magnification by clicking on the Magnify tool again. 5-10 Select the Fill tool and the palette color for the sack and try filling the outline again. If it still leaks, repeat the above procedure until the outline holds the fill color. Paint Remaining Cels Now return to cel 1. To do this, type g. When the Goto requester appears, it shows a 1. Click on OK. This is a fast way to move to a specific cel. Select another color from the palette to paint the eyes. Fill the outline for the eyes with the selected color. Then select light gray or yellow for the "white" of the eye and fill that area. You must color the "white" of the eye a different color from the background to prevent the background from showing through the eyes. When you have finished painting cel 1, advance to cel 2 and repeat the process using the same colors. Continue painting cels until all the cels of the sack animation are painted. Adding a Background to an Animation After completing the painting of the cels of your animation, you can add a background to complete the animation. Backgrounds can be painted using Ink & Paint, or they can be created as an IFF file using another paint package and then loaded into The Animation Studio. To complete the animation of the jumping sack in this tutorial, there is a background file already created for you to use. 5-11 Tools Menu The drawing tools in Ink & Paint are provided for you to touch up, correct, or add to your pencil test animation. These tools are very similar to the Pencil Test tools. Figure 5-6. Tools Menu Freehand Line Select the Freehand Line tool to draw with the foreground color (draw holding the left mouse button down) or background color (draw holding the right mouse button down). Use this tool to patch areas in the drawing. Keyboard Command: d 5-12 Line Select the Line tool to create straight lines. Use the left mouse button to create lines with the foreground color, or the right mouse button to draw lines with the background color. Keyboard Command: v Rectangle The top half of the Rectangle produces a filled rectangle using the foreground color (left mouse button) or background color (right mouse button), and the bottom half creates a rectangle filled with the current dither pattern. Keyboard commands: Solid rectangle = r Dithered rectangle = R Fill On Color Select the Fill On Color tool (the pouring bucket icon) to fill a selected enclosed shape with color. Select a color from the palette or the screen and move the mouse pointer to the cel. Click on the area that you want to fill. Be sure that the shape is completely closed or the color will fill outside the selected area. Use the Freehand Line tool to patch any gaps in the line. Remember that you can use "Undo" to undo your previous action. The Fill On Color tool fills to the boundaries of an enclosed shape. If you have two outlines that overlap, you select the Fill On Color tool, and then click on one of the circles, the color fills the shape until it reaches the boundaries of that shape. In this instance, the color will not fill the entire circle because the other circle overlaps it, and the Fill On Color function only looks to the immediate boundaries of a shape. It does not recognize that there are two separate overlapping circles on screen. 5-13 Then the screen displays the Load Background requester. Since you want to add the background to all 21 cels of the sack animation, click on OK. Watch the monitor as the program adds the background to each cel. If you are getting "Low on Memory" messages during this procedure, be sure that you are following all the memory saving tips on page 2-3. If you would like to save this animation, select the Save As option from the project menu and rename the file. End of Lesson This completes the final lesson of the tutorial. At this point you should have mastered the basics of The Animation Studio. Continue to experiment and try out new techniques. Have fun. 5-14 Index Adding a Background 5-11, 5-13 Adding Detail to the Sack Animation 5-4 Advance to Next Cel 3-10 Anticipation 5-2, 5-3 Brush/Creating a Brush Image 3-11 Clearing the Screen 3-7 Communicating with The Animation Studio 3-3 Contents of The Animation Studio 2-1, 3-2 Demo-Reel Disk 2-2 Morgue Disk 2-1 Studio Disk 2-1 Create the First Cel 3-9 Creating a Complete Animation 5-1 Creating a Frisket 5-12 Creating a Simple Animation 3-9 Creating Boxes and Circles 3-7 Creating Outlines 3-6 Documentation 1-2 Description of 1-2 How to Use the Manuals 1-3 Exiting The Animation Studio 3-14 Files 4-1 Filling Outlines 5-8 Finishing Pencil Test Animation 5-2 Fixing Leaks 5-8 Frisket 5-12 Requester 5-12 Getting Started 3-1, 3-2 Hardware Requirements 2-2 Help Screen 3-13 How to Use the Lessons 3-1 Ink & Paint 5-7 Installation - Hard Disk 2-4 Installation - Software 2-1, 2-2 Keyboard Commands 3-13 Load Cel Requester 5-13 Load the Demo-Reel Animation 4-2 Loading an Animation File 4-3 Open Requester 4-4 Memory Saving Techniques 2-3 Menu Bar 3-5 Modifying a Sample Animation 4-5 Painting Cels 5-11 Palette 5-7 Pencil Test Screen 2-8 Running an Animation 3-13 Running The Animation Studio on a Low Memory System 2-3 Saving an Animation 4-6 Screen Elements 3-4 Security Requester/Program Copyright Protection 2-7 Squash and Stretch 5-3 Starting The Animation Studio 2-5 Technical Support 2-8 Toolbox 3-6 Index - 1 ============================================================================ DOCS PROVIDED BY -+*+-THE SOUTHERN STAR-+*+- for M.A.A.D. ============================================================================